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Ternary Ni-Co-Fe oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution catalysts:Intrinsic activity trends,electrical conductivity,and electronic band structure

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2288-2295页

作者： Michaela burke Stevens Lisa j. Enman Ester Hamal Korkus j.remie Zaffran Christina D. M. Trang j.mes Asbury Matthew G. Kast Maytal Caspary Toroker Shannon W. Boettcher Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Materials Science Institute University of OregonEugeneOR 97403USA Department of Materials Science & Engineering and The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel

Nickel-,cobalt-,and iron-based(oxy)hydroxides comprise the most-commonly studied electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in alkaline solution.A fundamental understanding of composition-structure-activity relationships for mixed-metal Ni-Co and Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides is important to guide the design of advanced OER *** we use cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry,inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy,and in situ electrical conductivity measurements to characterize the properties and activity of various compositions of Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxides prepared by cathodic *** with previous studies,we find Fe is essential for the mixed-metal(oxy)hydroxides to achieve high OER *** the rigorous absence of Fe(achieved by using specially cleaned electrolytes),the most-active Ni-Co(oxy)hydroxide composition has an OER turn-over frequency only twice that ofpure Co(oxy)hydroxide,suggesting minimal synergism between the two *** addition of Co to Ni-Fe(oxy)hydroxides shifts the onset of electrical conductivity to lower potentials,but has little effect on the intrinsic OER activity,with the most-active Ni-Co-Fe(oxy)hydroxide having an OER turn-over frequency only -1.5 times that of the Ni-Fe(oxy)*** magnitudes of the electrical conductivities are similar for all the compositions ***-functional-theory-calculated proj.cted density of states show a significant contribution of all chemical elements at the valence band edge of the mixed-metal oxyhydroxide electronic structure,demonstrating significant electronic hybridization between the *** calculations suggest the involvement of all the elements in modulating the electronic structure at putative Fe-based active sites that are probably located at edges or defects in the two-dimensional oxyhydroxide sheets.

关键词： electrocatalysis heterogeneous catalysis water electrolysis oxygen evolution density functional theory

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Adapting the botanical landscape of Melbourne Gardens(Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria)in response to climate change

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 338-347页

作者： Timothy j.Entwisle Chris Cole peter Symes Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria

Botanic gardens around the world maintain collections of living plants for science, conservation, education, beauty and more. These collections change over time-in scope and content-but the predicted impacts of climate change will require a more strategic approach to the succession of plant species and their landscapes. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria has recently published a 'Landscape Succession Strategy'for its Melbourne Gardens, a spectacular botanical landscape established in 1846. The strategy recognizes that with 1.6 million visitors each year, responsibility for a heritage-listed landscape and the need to care for a collection of 8500 plant species of conservation and scientific importance, planting and planning must take into account anticipated changes to rainfall and temperature. The trees we plant today must be suitable for the climate of the twenty-second century. Specifically, the Strategy sets out the steps needed over the next twenty years to transition the botanic garden to one resilient to the climate modelled for2090. The document includes a range of practical measures and achievable(and at times somewhat aspirational) targets. Climate analogues will be used to identify places in Australia and elsewhere with conditions today similar to those predicted for Melbourne in 2090, to help select new species for the collection. Modelling of the natural and cultivated distribution of species will be used to help select suitable growth forms to replace existing species of high value or interest. Improved understanding of temperature gradients within the botanic garden, water holding capacity of soils and plant water use behaviour is already resulting in better targeted planting and irrigation. The goal is to retain a similar diversity of species but transition the collection so that by 2036 at least 75% of the species are suitable for the climate in 2090. Over the next few years we hope to provide 100% of irrigation water from sustainable water sources, and

关键词： Climate change Landscape succession Botanic garden Uving collection

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Origins of the problematic E in SEIR epidemic models

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第3期9卷 673-679页

作者： Donald S.burke Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Health Science and Policy Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghUSA

During the COVID-19 pandemic,over one thousand papers were published on“Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed”(SEIR)epidemic computational *** English word“exposed”in its vernacular and public health usage means a state of having been in contact with an infectious individual,but not necessarily *** contrast,the term“exposed”in SEIR modeling usage typically stands for a state of already being infected but not yet being infectious to others,a state more properly termed“latently infected.”In public health language,“exposed”means possibly infected,yet in SEIR modeling language,“exposed”means already *** paper retraces the conceptual and mathematical origins of this terminological disconnect and concludes that epidemic modelers should consider using the“SLIR”notational short-hand(L for Latent)instead of SEIR.

关键词： SEIR model Exposed Latent infection History Notation

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流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析原理、方法、存在的问题及未来研究方向

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地质论评 2009年第6期55卷 851-861页

作者：陈勇 ERNST A.j.burke 中国石油大学(华东)地球资源与信息学院中国山东青岛266555 阿姆斯特丹自由大学地球科学系微量分析实验室

国内外在流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱研究方面取得了大量的成果。本文回顾了流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析技术的发展历史,介绍了流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱技术定性和定量分析的原理和方法,指出了该技术存在的问题及未来研究方向。流体包裹体激... 详细信息

国内外在流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱研究方面取得了大量的成果。本文回顾了流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析技术的发展历史,介绍了流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱技术定性和定量分析的原理和方法,指出了该技术存在的问题及未来研究方向。流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析主要受到样品、荧光、同位素、光化学反应、水溶性物质信号弱、气相水及水合物、子矿物等因素的影响。由于用来进行定量分析的拉曼散射截面参数明显受到压力影响,加上峰面积计算不规范化使得目前的流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析结果可靠性有待于重新审视。未来流体包裹体拉曼光谱分析技术应当在完善不同标准体系和标准物质光谱数据的基础上,针对不同类型包裹体采用采取不同条件,分析结果将在准确定性的基础上从相对定量向绝对定量发展。

关键词：流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱定量分析研究进展未来研究方向

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Active Management of Plant Canopy Temperature as a Tool for Modifying Plant Metabolic Activity

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 249-259页

作者： j.mes R. Mahan j.hn j. burke USDA/ARS Plant Stress and Water Conservation Laboratory Lubbock Texas USA

The relationship between a plant and its thermal environment is a maj.r determiner of its growth and development. Since plants grow and develop within continuously variable thermal environments, they are subj.cted to continuous thermal variation over their life cycle. Transpiration serves to uncouple the temperature of the plant from that of its environment in a manner that reduces the occurrence of high temperature stresses that can limit plant performance. In some agriculturally important plants, there are desirable metabolic outcomes that are associated with specific stress events (e.g. wine grapes). In these plants it is often desirable to induce temperature and water stresses of known magnitude and duration at specific points in the growing season. In this study we used a computer-controlled irrigation system that used cotton canopy temperature to control irrigation in greenhouse-grown plants over a 10-day period. The system was designed to irrigate in a manner that altered the canopy temperature relative to specific temperature thresholds (28°C, 30°C, 32°C and 34°C). The results demonstrate that automated irrigation management based on canopy temperature is capable of altering the temporal pattern of canopy temperature in a desired manner using a feed-back loop. Potential limitations on this action are related to the range of air temperatures, radiation and humidity within the environment.

关键词： Irrigation Optimum Temperature Canopy Temperature

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Decarbonising energy: The developing international activity in hydrogen technologies and fuel cells

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： j.hn Meurig Thomas peter P.Edwards peter j.Dobson Gari P.Owend Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)-Oxford Centre of Excellence in Petrochemicals and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s College University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn Solutions(Independent Consultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells offer an alternative and improved solution for a decarbonised energy *** cells are electrochemical converters;transforming hydrogen (or energy sources containing hydrogen) and oxygen directly into *** hydrogen fuel cell,invented in 1839,permits the generation of electrical energy with high efficiency through a non-combustion,electrochemical process and,importantly,without the emission ofits point of ***,despite numerous efforts to exploit the obvious attractions of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells,various challenges have been encountered,some of which are reviewed ***,however,given the exigent need to urgently seek low-carbon paths for humankind’s energy future,numerous countries are advancing the deployment of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells not only for transport,but also as a means of the storage of excess renewable energy from,for example,wind and solar ***,hydrogen is also being blended into the natural gas supplies used in domestic heating and targeted in the decarbonisation of critical,large-scale industrial processes such as steel *** briefly review specific examples in countries such as j.pan,South Korea and the People’s Republic of China,as well as selected examples from Europe and North America in the utilization of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbonisation Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Economy Fuel cells Environment Sustainability

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Specialized deep neural networks for battery health prognostics:Opportunities and challenges

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第12期87卷 416-438,I0011页

作者： j.ngyuan Zhao Xuebing Han Minggao Ouyang Andrew F.burke Institute of Transportation Studies University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Lithium-ion batteries are key drivers of the renewable energy revolution,bolstered by progress in battery design,modelling,and ***,achieving high-performance battery health prognostics is a significant *** the availability of open data and software,coupled with automated simulations,deep learning has become an integral component of battery health *** offer a comprehensive overview of potential deep learning techniques specifically designed for modeling and forecasting the dynamics of multiphysics and multiscale battery *** this,we provide a concise summary of publicly available lithium-ion battery test and cycle *** providing illustrative examples,we emphasize the efficacy of five techniques capable of enhancing deep learning for accurate battery state prediction and health-focused *** of these techniques offers unique benefits.(1)Transformer models address challenges using self-attention mechanisms and positional encoding methods.(2) Transfer learning improves learning tasks within a target domain by leveraging knowledge from a source domain.(3) Physics-informed learning uses prior knowledge to enhance learning algorithms.(4)Generative adversarial networks(GANs) earn praise for their ability to generate diverse and high-quality outputs,exhibiting outstanding performance with complex datasets.(5) Deep reinforcement learning enables an agent to make optimal decisions through continuous interactions with its environment,thus maximizing cumulative *** this Review,we highlight examples that employ these techniques for battery health prognostics,summarizing both their challenges and *** methodologies offer promising prospects for researchers and industry professionals,enabling the creation of specialized network architectures that autonomously extract features,especially for long-range spatial-temporal connections across extended *** outcomes could include improved accura

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries State of health Lifetime Deep learning Transformer Transfer learning Physics-informed learning Generative adversarial networks Reinforcement learning Open data

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In defense of housing

In defense of housing

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作者： (1975-)Madden David j. Marcuse peter

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Characterization of multi-GNSS between-receiver differential code biases using zero and short baselines

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Science Bulletin 2015年第21期60卷 1840-1849页

作者： Baocheng Zhang peter j.G.Teunissen Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Research Centre Curtin University Geoscience and Remote Sensing Delft University of Technology

Care should be taken to minimize adverse impact of receiver differential code biases(DCBs) on global navigation satellite system(GNSS)-derived ionospheric parameters. It is therefore of importance to ascertain the intrinsic characteristics of receiver DCBs,preferably in the context of new-generation GNSS. In this contribution, we present a method that enables time-wise retrieval of between-receiver DCBs(BR-DCBs) from dualfrequency, code-only measurements collected by a pair of co-located receivers. This method is applicable to the US GPS as well as to a new set of GNSS constellations including the Chinese Bei Dou, the European Galileo and the j.panese QZSS. With the use of this method, we determine the multi-GNSS BR-DCB time-wise estimates covering a time period of up to 2 years(j.nuary 2013–March 2015) with a 30-s time resolution for five receiverpairs(four zero and one short baselines). For the BR-DCB time-wise estimates pertaining to an arbitrary receiver-pair and constellation, we demonstrate their promising intraday stability by means of statistical hypothesis testing. We also find that the Bei Dou BR-DCB daily weighted average(DWA) estimates show a dependence on satellite type, in particular for receiver-pairs of mixed types. Finally, we demonstrate that long-term variability in BR-DCB DWA estimates can be closely associated with hardware temperature variations inside the receivers.

关键词： Global navigation satellite system(GNSS) Total electron content (TEC) Between-receiver differential code bias (BR-DCB) BeiDoucode inter-satellite-type-bias (ISTB)

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Better together? Treating traumatic brain inj.ry with minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2589-2592页

作者： Siobhán Lawless peter j.Bergold Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Department of Physiology and Pharmacology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA

Traumatic brain inj.ry has a complex pathophysiology that produces both rapid and delayed brain damage. Rapid damage initiates immediately after inj.ry. Treatment of traumatic brain inj.ry is typically delayed many hours, thus only delayed damage can be targeted with drugs. Delayed traumatic brain inj.ry includes neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and glutamate toxicity. Both the speed and complexity of traumatic brain inj.ry pathophysiology present large obstacles to drug development. Repurposing of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs may be a highly efficient approach to get therapeutics to the clinic. This review examines the preclinical outcomes of minocycline and N-acetylcysteine as individual drugs and compares them to the minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine combination. Both minocycline and N-acetylcysteine are Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with pleiotropic therapeutic effects. As individual drugs, minocycline and N-acetylcysteine are well tolerated, with known pharmacokinetics, and enter the brain through an intact blood-brain barrier. At concentrations greater than needed for antimicrobial action, minocycline is a potent anti-inflammatory minocycline, also acts as an antioxidant and inhibits multiple enzymes that promote brain inj.ry including metalloproteases, caspases, and polyADP-ribose-polymerase-1. N-acetylcysteine alone is also an antioxidant. It increases brain glutathione, prevents lipid oxidation, and protects mitochondria. N-acetylcysteine also acts as an anti-inflammatory as well as increases extracellular glutamate by activating the X;cystine-glutamate antitransporter. These multiple actions of minocycline and N-acetylcysteine have made them attractive candidates to treat traumatic brain inj.ry. When first dosed within the one hour after inj.ry, either minocycline or N-acetylcysteine improves a diverse set of therapeutic outcome measures in multiple traumatic brain inj.ry animal models. A small number of clinical

关键词： clinical trial outcome measures preclinical testing rodent models of traumatic brain inj.ry therapeutic time window

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