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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Characterization of multi-GNSS between-receiver differential code biases using zero and short baselines

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Science Bulletin 2015年第21期60卷 1840-1849页

作者： Baocheng Zhang peter j.G.Teunissen Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Research Centre Curtin University Geoscience and Remote Sensing Delft University of Technology

Care should be taken to minimize adverse impact of receiver differential code biases(DCBs) on global navigation satellite system(GNSS)-derived ionospheric parameters. It is therefore of importance to ascertain the intrinsic characteristics of receiver DCBs,preferably in the context of new-generation GNSS. In this contribution, we present a method that enables time-wise retrieval of between-receiver DCBs(BR-DCBs) from dualfrequency, code-only measurements collected by a pair of co-located receivers. This method is applicable to the US GPS as well as to a new set of GNSS constellations including the Chinese Bei Dou, the European Galileo and the japanese QZSS. With the use of this method, we determine the multi-GNSS BR-DCB time-wise estimates covering a time period of up to 2 years(january 2013–March 2015) with a 30-s time resolution for five receiverpairs(four zero and one short baselines). For the BR-DCB time-wise estimates pertaining to an arbitrary receiver-pair and constellation, we demonstrate their promising intraday stability by means of statistical hypothesis testing. We also find that the Bei Dou BR-DCB daily weighted average(DWA) estimates show a dependence on satellite type, in particular for receiver-pairs of mixed types. Finally, we demonstrate that long-term variability in BR-DCB DWA estimates can be closely associated with hardware temperature variations inside the receivers.

关键词： Global navigation satellite system(GNSS) Total electron content (TEC) Between-receiver differential code bias (BR-DCB) BeiDoucode inter-satellite-type-bias (ISTB)

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Polyelectrolyte multilayer electrostatic gating of graphene field-effect transistors

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Nano Research 2014年第11期7卷 1650-1658页

作者： Yung Yu Wang peter j. Burke Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of California Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA

We apply polyelectrolyte multilayer films by consecutive alternate adsorption of positively charged polyallylamine hydrochloride and negatively charged sodium polystyrene sulfonate to the surface of graphene field effect transistors. Oscillations in the Dirac voltage shift with alternating positive and negative layers clearly demonstrate the electrostatic gating effect in this simple model system. A simple electrostatic model accounts well for the sign and magnitude of the Dirac voltage shift. Using this system, we are able to create p-type or n-type graphene at will. This model serves as the basis for understanding the mechanism of charged polymer sensing using graphene devices, a potentially technologically important application of graphene in areas such as DNA sequencing, biomarker assays for cancer detection, and other protein sensing applications.

关键词： dirac point graphene transistor electrostatic gating polyallylaminehydrochloride (PAH) sodium polystyrenesulfonate (PSS)

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Better together? Treating traumatic brain injury with minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2589-2592页

作者： Siobhán Lawless peter j.Bergold Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Department of Physiology and Pharmacology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA

Traumatic brain injury has a complex pathophysiology that produces both rapid and delayed brain damage. Rapid damage initiates immediately after injury. Treatment of traumatic brain injury is typically delayed many hours, thus only delayed damage can be targeted with drugs. Delayed traumatic brain injury includes neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and glutamate toxicity. Both the speed and complexity of traumatic brain injury pathophysiology present large obstacles to drug development. Repurposing of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs may be a highly efficient approach to get therapeutics to the clinic. This review examines the preclinical outcomes of minocycline and N-acetylcysteine as individual drugs and compares them to the minocycline plus N-acetylcysteine combination. Both minocycline and N-acetylcysteine are Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with pleiotropic therapeutic effects. As individual drugs, minocycline and N-acetylcysteine are well tolerated, with known pharmacokinetics, and enter the brain through an intact blood-brain barrier. At concentrations greater than needed for antimicrobial action, minocycline is a potent anti-inflammatory minocycline, also acts as an antioxidant and inhibits multiple enzymes that promote brain injury including metalloproteases, caspases, and polyADP-ribose-polymerase-1. N-acetylcysteine alone is also an antioxidant. It increases brain glutathione, prevents lipid oxidation, and protects mitochondria. N-acetylcysteine also acts as an anti-inflammatory as well as increases extracellular glutamate by activating the X;cystine-glutamate antitransporter. These multiple actions of minocycline and N-acetylcysteine have made them attractive candidates to treat traumatic brain injury. When first dosed within the one hour after injury, either minocycline or N-acetylcysteine improves a diverse set of therapeutic outcome measures in multiple traumatic brain injury animal models. A small number of clinical

关键词： clinical trial outcome measures preclinical testing rodent models of traumatic brain injury therapeutic time window

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A-posteriori error estimation for second order mechanical systems

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第3期28卷 854-862页

作者： Thomas Ruiner jrg Fehr Bernard Haasdonk peter Eberhard Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 970569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Applied Analysis and Numerical Simulation University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5770569 StuttgartGermany

One important issue for the simulation of flexible multibody systems is the reduction of the flexible bodies de- grees of freedom. As far as safety questions are concerned knowledge about the error introduced by the reduction of the flexible degrees of freedom is helpful and very important. In this work, an a-posteriori error estimator for linear first order systems is extended for error estimation of me- chanical second order systems. Due to the special second order structure of mechanical systems, an improvement of the a-posteriori error estimator is achieved. A major advan- tage of the a-posteriori error estimator is that the estimator is independent of the used reduction technique. Therefore, it can be used for moment-matching based, Gramian matrices based or modal based model reduction techniques. The capability of the proposed technique is demon- strated by the a-posteriori error estimation of a mechanical system, and a sensitivity analysis of the parameters involved in the error estimation process is conducted.

关键词： A-posteriori error estimator. Flexible multibodysystems Model reduction

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Three-dimensional simulation of liquid injection,film formation and transport,in fluidized beds

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Particuology 2009年第5期7卷 337-346页

作者： Paul Zhao peter j. O'Rourke Dale Snider CPFD Software LLCAlbuquerqueNM 87111USA CFD d'OR Software and Consulting LLCLos AlamosNM 87544USA

Liquid injection, and film formation and transport in dense-phase gas-solids fluidized beds are numerically simulated in three dimensions using a collisional exchange model that is based on the mechanism that collisions cause transfer of liquid mass, momentum, and energy between particles. In the model, each of the particles is represented by a solid core and a liquid film surrounding the core. The model is incorporated in the framework of the commercial code Barracuda developed by CPFD Software. The commercial software is an advanced CFD-based computational tool where the particles are treated as discrete entities, calculated by the MP-PIC method, and tracked using the Lagrangian method. Details of the collisional liquid transfer model have been previously presented in O＇Rourke, Zhao, and Snider （2009）; this paper presents new capabilities and proof-testing of the collision model and a new method to better quantify the penetration length. Example calculations of a fluidized bed without liquid injection show the expected effect of collisions on the reduction of granular temperature （fluctuational kinetic energy） of the bed. When applied to liquid injection into a dense-phase fluidized bed under different conditions, the model predicts liquid penetration lengths comparable to the experiments. In addition, the simulation reveals for the first time the dynamic mixing of the liquid droplets with the bed particles and the transient distribution of the droplets inside the bed.

关键词： MP-PIC Liquid injection Fluidized bed Particle collisions CPFD jet penetration

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iGenetics a Mendelian approach peter j. Russell.

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2006年

作者： peter j. Russell.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Development of ^(18)F-labeled radiotracers for neuroreceptor imaging with positron emission tomography

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第5期30卷 777-811页

作者： peter Brust jrg van den Hoff jrg Steinbach Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer ResearchPermoserstrasse 15Leipzig04318Germany

Positron emission tomography （PET） is an in vivo molecular imaging tool which is widely used in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many brain diseases. PET uses biomolecules as probes which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives, synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiotracers. Fluorine-18 is a radionuclide routinely used in the radiolabeling of neuroreceptor ligands for PET because of its favorable half-life of 109.8 min. The delivery of such radiotracers into the brain provides images of transport, metabolic, and neurotransmission processes on the molecular level. After a short introduction into the principles of PET, this review mainly focuses on the strategy of radiotracer development bridging from basic science to biomedical application. Successful radiotracer design as described here provides molecular probes which not only are useful for imaging of human brain diseases, but also allow molecular neuroreceptor imaging studies in various small-animal models of disease, including genetically- engineered animals. Furthermore, they provide a powerful tool for in vivo pharmacology during the process of pre-clinical drug development to identify new drug targets, to investigate pathophysiology, to discover potential drug candidates, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in vivo.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease autoradiography blood-brain barrier brain tumor cholinergic system kinetic modeling metabolism molecular imaging neurodegeneration positron emission tomography precursor psychiatric disorder radiotracer sigma receptor

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Dietary Lectin exclusion: The next big food trend?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第24期25卷 2973-2976页

作者： Kirpal Panacer peter j Whorwell University of Manchester Medical Student Stopford BuildingUniversity of ManchesterManchester M13 9PGUnited Kingdom Neurogastroenterology Unit Wythenshawe HospitalManchester M23 9LTUnited Kingdom

Until recently,with the exception of coeliac disease,gastroenterologists have not been particularly interested in the role of diet in the management of gastrointestinal ***,patients have always felt that diet must play a part in their symptoms and,in the absence of any medical interest,have turned to alternative dietary practitioners for help,which can often have no evidence ***,with the advent of the FODMAP diet(fermentable oligosaccharides,disaccharides,monosaccharides,and polyols)and the realisation that diet can have a profound effect on the microbiome,medical opinion is now ***,research on the various diets that are now available is often completely *** are carbohydrate binding proteins which are widely distributed in nature and are found in a whole variety of commonly consumed *** seems likely that the exclusion of lectins from the diet could become the next“food fashion”for alternative practitioners to promote,especially as there is some evidence to suggest that certain lectins may be harmful to *** is,therefore,the purpose of this viewpoint to try and stimulate research on the dietary effects of lectins,which is currently minimal,so that we can pre-empt a situation where we are unable to give patients or the public evidence based advice on this topic.

关键词： Dietary lectins Exclusion diets Gastrointestinal system Harm Carbohydrate

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Metallacycles,metallacages,and their aggregate/optical behavior

Aggregate

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Aggregate 2021年第5期2卷 1-21页

作者： Yan Sun peter j.Stang Department of Chemistry University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA

Since the first metallacycle was prepared by Verkade in 1983,various metallacycles and metallacages with controllable nanoscale shapes and sizes have been created by modular design and synthesis,showing unique properties that enable applications in catalysis,sensors,and *** from their photophysical properties to their antitumor activities and catalysis was found to be influenced by their ***,it is necessary and helpful to develop a systematic understanding of the relationships among the micro/nanostructures,the resultant photophysical/chemical properties,and the corresponding *** this review,we summarized the latest progress in this area in approximately the past 5 years.

关键词： aggregation coordination-driven assembly emission

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