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A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： Sarah J.Hardcastle Chloe Maxwell-smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta Leyton Román Cameron Platell Michael Levitt Christobel Saunders Frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale Jacob McCormick Craig Lynch Paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for Health Research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied Health South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia Australian Centre for Precision Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.John of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia peter MacCallum Cancer Centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer *** of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer *** objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in ***:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control *** participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching *** participants received PA print *** assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary ***:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention *** groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group ***:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer *** results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change Exercise Health disparities Oncology Wearable technology

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校园欺凌的跨文化差异问题：特征与干预

心理学 2024年第1期

作者： peter K.smith

校园欺凌是全世界关注的重要公共健康问题，会给所有的卷入者造成消极影响。早期校园欺凌研究主要集中在欧洲，此后逐步拓展到北美和日本。进入21世纪，校园欺凌研究遍布世界各国，尤其是中国校园欺凌研究的增速非常快。许多大型调查项... 详细信息

校园欺凌是全世界关注的重要公共健康问题，会给所有的卷入者造成消极影响。早期校园欺凌研究主要集中在欧洲，此后逐步拓展到北美和日本。进入21世纪，校园欺凌研究遍布世界各国，尤其是中国校园欺凌研究的增速非常快。许多大型调查项目，如HBSC、GSHS、TIMSS、PISA和EUKO等先后报告了不同国家校园欺凌的发生率、严重程度与基本特征。不同的文化中，“欺凌”内涵与特征存在许多相似之处，同时也存在一些值得关注的差异。本文依据Bronfenbrenner的社会生态模型和EU Kids Online的五因素模型作为框架，总结了校园欺凌在不同国家的异同之处，梳理了跨国比较研究和比较不同国家欺凌发生率时所面临的挑战，如何解释跨国比较时出现的差异，以及对于欺凌干预的启示。

关键词：欺凌跨文化差异特征干预 bullying cross-cultural variations nature intervention

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校园欺凌的跨文化差异问题:特征与干预

心理发展与教育 2023年第4期39卷 599-608页

作者： peter K.smith 山东师范大学心理学院济南250014 英国伦敦大学金史密斯学院心理学系英国伦敦SE146NW

校园欺凌是全世界关注的重要公共健康问题,会给所有的卷入者造成消极影响。早期校园欺凌研究主要集中在欧洲,此后逐步拓展到北美和日本。进入21世纪,校园欺凌研究遍布世界各国,尤其是中国校园欺凌研究的增速非常快。许多大型调查项目,如... 详细信息

校园欺凌是全世界关注的重要公共健康问题,会给所有的卷入者造成消极影响。早期校园欺凌研究主要集中在欧洲,此后逐步拓展到北美和日本。进入21世纪,校园欺凌研究遍布世界各国,尤其是中国校园欺凌研究的增速非常快。许多大型调查项目,如HBSC、GSHS、TIMSS、PISA和EUKO等先后报告了不同国家校园欺凌的发生率、严重程度与基本特征。不同的文化中,“欺凌”内涵与特征存在许多相似之处,同时也存在一些值得关注的差异。本文依据Bronfenbrenner的社会生态模型和EU Kids Online的五因素模型作为框架,总结了校园欺凌在不同国家的异同之处,梳理了跨国比较研究和比较不同国家欺凌发生率时所面临的挑战,如何解释跨国比较时出现的差异,以及对于欺凌干预的启示。

关键词：欺凌跨文化差异特征干预

Designing an evidence-based free-flap pathway in head and neck reconstruction

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第2期8卷 126-132页

作者： Michelle Mark Michael Eggerstedt Matthew J.Urban Samer Al-Khudari Ryan smith peter Revenaugh Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Section of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background:The use of autologous free-tissue transfer is an increasingly utilized tool in the ladder of reconstructive options to preserve and restore function in patients with head and neck *** article focuses on the evidence surrounding perioperative care that optimizes surgical outcomes and describes one tertiary center's approach to standardized free-flap *** Sources:This article examines English literature from PubMed and offers expert opinion on perioperative free-flap care for head and neck ***:Free-flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer is a process that,while individualized for each patient,is best supported by a comprehensive and standardized care *** optimization begins in the preoperative phase and a thoughtful approach to intraprofessional communication and evidence-based practice is rewarded with improved outcomes.

关键词： facial plastics and reconstruction free-flap tissue transfer head and neck oncology

Accelerating materials discovery using artificial intelligence, high performance computing and robotics

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 767-775页

作者： Edward O.Pyzer-Knapp Jed W.Pitera peter W.J.Staar Seiji Takeda Teodoro Laino Daniel P.Sanders James Sexton John R.smith Alessandro Curioni IBM Research Europe-Daresbury DaresburyUK IBM Almaden Research Centre San JoseCAUSA IBM Research Europe Zurich RüschlikonSwitzerland IBM Research Tokyo TokyoJapan IBM Thomas J.Watson Research Centre Yorktown HeightsNYUSA

New tools enable new ways of working,and materials science is no *** materials discovery,traditional manual,serial,and human-intensive work is being augmented by automated,parallel,and iterative processes driven by Artificial Intelligence (AI),simulation and experimental *** this perspective,we describe how these new capabilities enable the acceleration and enrichment of each stage of the discovery *** show,using the example of the development of a novel chemically amplified photoresist,how these technologies’ impacts are amplified when they are used in concert with each other as powerful,heterogeneous workflows.

关键词： artificial computing enable

Estimating evapotranspiration from terrestrial groundwater-dependent ecosystems using Landsat images

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2011年第2期4卷 154-170页

作者： Xihua Yang peter L.smith Tao Yu Hailiang Gao Department of Environment Climate Change and WaterPO Box 3720ParramattaNSW 2124SydneyAustralia Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Understanding and mitigating against the impact of groundwater extraction on groundwater-dependent ecosystems(GDE)requires information of evapotranspiration(ET)of these *** this pilot study,we tested two remotesensing methods,Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL)and Vegetation Index/Temperature Trapezoid(VITT),for ET estimation from terrestrial ***-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM)and Enhanced Thematic Mapper(ETM)images were used to derive vegetation indices and land surface temperatures for ET *** transfer model was used for atmospheric correction of the Landsat *** measurements were used to validate the remote sensing estimation of VI and surface *** methods have been implemented in a geographic information system(GIS)using automated scripts and ancillary GIS data for quality control *** of predicted ET by SEBAL to VITT model indicates relatively good agreement(R20.90)and promise for use in groundwater *** average ET from woodland GDEs within the zone of influence of the pumping stations is in general lower than similar woodlands outside of the pumping area,particularly in summer seasons which demonstrates that the pumping regime has an impact on those *** study also demonstrates that even a simple physical ET model can provide useful information for groundwater management,and more broadly other applications in hydrologic modelling and digital earth studies.

关键词： remote sensing evapotranspiration surface energy balance Landsat groundwater-dependent ecosystems digital earth,GIS

Estimating the Level of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infections in Northern Ireland in 2020

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2022年第2期10卷 190-218页

作者： peter A. Hall Gabor Kiss Tilman Kuhn Salissou Moutari Ellen Patterson Emily smith Mathematical Sciences Research Centre School of Mathematics & Physics Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK School of Biological Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) Heidelberg University Hospital Heidelberg Germany

The identification and understanding of COVID-19 potential routes of transmission are fundamental to informing policies and strategies to successfully control the outbreak. Various studies highlighted asymptomatic infections as one of the silent drivers of the epidemic. An accurate estimation of the asymptomatic cases and the understanding of their contribution to the spread of the disease could enhance the effectiveness of current control strategies, mainly based on the symptom onset, to curb transmission. We investigate the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northern Ireland during the period 1st March 25th to December 2020 to estimate the proportion of the asymptomatic infections in the country. We extended our previous model to include the stage of the asymptomatic infection, and we implement the corresponding deterministic model using a publicly available dataset. We partition the data into 11 sets over the period of study and fit the model parameters on the consecutive intervals using the cumulative number of confirmed positive cases for each interval. Moreover, we assess numerically the impacts of uncertainty in testing and we provide estimates of the reproduction numbers using the fitted parameters. We found that the proportion of asymptomatically infectious subpopulations, in Northern Ireland during the period of study, ranged between 5% and 25% of exposed individuals. Also, the estimate of the basic reproduction number, R0, is 3.3089. The lower and upper estimates for herd immunity are (0.6181, 0.7243) suggesting that around 70% of the population of Northern Ireland should acquire immunity via infection or vaccination, which is in line with estimates reported in other studies.

关键词： Pandemic Epidemic SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Compartmental Model SEIAR Model Basic Reproduction Number Effective Reproduction Number Parameter Estimates Fitted Model Testing Uncertainty Asymptomatic Infection Northern Ireland

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以声音为依据

科技纵览 2023年第7期 28-33,4页

作者： peter Andrey smith 不详

时间是2020年12月3日上午6点36分,美国海岸警卫在专用聚急无线电频道接到了个呼叫:“Maycay,Mayday,Maycay(求救,求救,求救)!我们的船能失灵了……我们的船正快速进水。”声音断断续续,好似是人在不断挣扎。后来无线电又呼叫了一次,这... 详细信息

时间是2020年12月3日上午6点36分,美国海岸警卫在专用聚急无线电频道接到了个呼叫:“Maycay,Mayday,Maycay(求救,求救,求救)!我们的船能失灵了……我们的船正快速进水。”声音断断续续,好似是人在不断挣扎。后来无线电又呼叫了一次,这次是说水泵开始失灵。对方说正在将船开回位于缅因州Spruce Head岛的Atvood龙虾公司,船长42英尺、载着3个人。海岸警卫队询问间他的GPS坐标,但未收到答复。

关键词：海岸警卫队缅因州 GPS坐标无线电呼叫声音失灵

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第10期19卷 1245-1251页

作者： XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE peter smith F Andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Department of Soil Environmental Science Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beifing 100085 China Agricultural and Environmental Science Department Queen＇s University Belfast Belfast BT9 5PX UK Soil and Land Systems School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Waite Campus The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia Institute of Plant Nutrition and resources Beijing Municiple Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Belting 100097 China

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus （Glomus mosseae） and phosphorus （P） addition （100 mg/kg soil） on arsenic （As） uptake by maize plants （Zea mays L.） from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included. Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As, P, and other nutrients, AM colonization, root lengths, and hyphal length densities were determined. The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium. Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments, but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application. AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added, and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition, respectively. Shoot and root uptake of P, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased, but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%, with inoculation, when P was added. P addition reduced shoot P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake of AM plants, but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones. AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil, and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil, however, P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.

关键词： arsenic arbuscular mycorrhiza phosphate maize phytostabilization