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Independent and Combined Effect of Some Soil Tillage Systems on Nitrogen and Carbon Concentration in Soil Structural Units of Haplic Chernozems

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第7期5卷 465-476页

作者： Margarita Nankova peter yankov Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute General Toshevo 9520 Bulgaria Technical University of Varna Varna 9010 Bulgaria

This paper aimed at studying the effect of different types of soil tillage systems on the change of total carbon （C） and nitrogen （N） in the soil structural units of different size after dry structural analysis of soil. The research was carried out in a 6-field rotation system （grain maize-wheat-sunflower-wheat-bean-wheat） at the end of the 2nd rotation. Six out of 24 soil tillage systems were selected; they were applied independently and in combination in the crop rotation. After that, they were compared to the system with constant deep plowing. So a total of seven soil tillage systems were investigated. The selected systems for main soil tillage were the following： plowing （control variant）, disking, cutting, nil tillage （direct sowing）, plowing-disking, plowing-nil tillage, disking-nil tillage. Three depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm were studied, as well as soil structural units were of the following sizes：〉 10 mm, 10-5, 5-3, 3-1, 1-0.25 mm and 〈 0.25 mm. As a result of systematic implementation of different soil tillage systems, higher N and C concentrations were established by the layers according to constant plowing. Constant disking and its alternation with nil tillage increased the total N concentration with 15.6% and 11.1%, respectively, in comparison with the constant plowing. The same was valid for C concentration in soil, but the highest increase was established in the variants with constant cutting and nil tillage. The exceeding was with 14.0% and 13.2%, in comparison to constant plowing. The redistribution of N and C depending on the structural soil units was most expressed in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers. The highest amounts of C and N were found in the soil units with size less than 5 mm, mainly in the 〈 0.25 mm fraction. At depth of 20-30 cm, the role of the size of soil structural units for C and N redistribution decreased strongly. The values of C/N ratio were moderate only under the use of constant disking. This index was low under all othe

关键词： Soil tillage systems soil C total soil N soil structural units.

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多层阻隔技术：释放PET包装的潜力

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现代塑料 2018年第1期 22-25页

作者： peter yankov 赫斯基注塑系统先进解决方案流程与技术团队

对于包装来说，不仅要容纳、分配产品，向消费者传递营销信息，更重要的是，至少要在保质期内为其内容物提供必要的保护。一些简单的应用例子包括：防止碳酸饮料中的CO2逸出，防止氧气接触敏感的果汁和酱汁产品，以及限制乳制品暴露于... 详细信息

对于包装来说，不仅要容纳、分配产品，向消费者传递营销信息，更重要的是，至少要在保质期内为其内容物提供必要的保护。一些简单的应用例子包括：防止碳酸饮料中的CO2逸出，防止氧气接触敏感的果汁和酱汁产品，以及限制乳制品暴露于光照（包括可见光、紫外线或红外线）下等。

关键词： PET包装阻隔技术营销信息碳酸饮料消费者内容物保质期 CO2

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