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Applications of multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T

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World Journal of Radiology 2011年第4期3卷 105-113页

作者： Mary C Stephenson Frances Gunner Antonio Napolitano Paul L Greenhaff Ian A MacDonald Nadeem Saeed william Vennart Susan T Francis peter G Morris The Sir peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Nottingham School of Biomedical Sciences University of Nottingham Medical School Academic Radiology University of Nottingham Molecular Medicine PfizerSandwich

AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of ***: Measurements of brain metabolites were made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS ***: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these metabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P < 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and re-feeding. Glycogen levels were significantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the ***: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies.

关键词： Magnetic resonance spectroscopy 13C 1H 7 Tesla Glutamate Glutamine γ-aminobutyric acid

Perceived roles,benefits and barriers of virtual global health partnership initiatives:a cross-sectional exploratory study

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Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 471-481页

作者： Lisa Umphrey George Paasi william Windsor Grace Abongo Jessica Evert Heather Haq Elizabeth M.Keating Suet Kam Lam Megan S.McHenry Carolyne Ndila Charles Nwobu Amy Rule Reena P.Tam Daniel Olson peter Olupot-Olupot Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine13123 E 16th AveB302AuroraCO 80045USA Center for Global Health Colorado School of Public Health13199 E Montview BlvdSte 310A090AuroraCO 80045USA Mbale Clinical Research Institute Plot 2933 PallisaMbaleUganda Child Family Health International 11135 San Pablo Ave#929El CerritoCA 94530USA Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine1 Baylor PlazaHoustonTX 77030USA Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine University of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineEC-10 Cleveland Clinic9501 Euclid AveClevelandOH 44195USA Department of Pediatrics Indiana University School of Medicine340 W 10th StIndianapolisIN 46202USA Child Family Health International AccraGhana Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati College of Medicine3333 Burnet AveCincin-natiOH 45229USA Department of Pediatrics University of Utah School of Medicine30 N 1900 ESalt Lake CityUT 84132USA Busitema University P.O.Box 1460MbaleUganda

Background:Virtual global health partnership initiatives(VGHPIs)evolved rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure partnership *** the current landscape for VGHPI use and preference is *** study aimed to increase understanding of GH partners’perspectives on ***:From 15 October to 30 November 2020,An online,international survey was conducted using snowball sampling to document pandemic-related changes in partnership activities,preferences for VGHPIs,and perceived acceptability and *** survey underwent iterative development within a diverse author group,representing academic and clinical institutions,and the non-profit *** from their professional global health networks were invited,including focal points for global health partnerships while excluding trainees and respondents from the European Economic *** stratified responses by country income classification and partnership *** used descriptive statistics to characterize responses,defining statistical significance asα=***:A total of 128 respondents described 219 partnerships.152/219(69%)partnerships were transnational,157/219(72%)were of>5 years duration,and 127/219(60%)included bidirectional site ***-income country(HIC)partners sent significantly more learners to low-to middle-income country(LMIC)partner sites(p<0.01).Participants commented on pandemic-related disruptions affecting 217/219(99%)partnerships;195/217(90%)were disruption to activities;122/217(56%)to communication;73/217(34%)to access to professional support;and 72/217(33%)to *** indicated that VGHPIs would be important to 206/219(94%)of their partnerships moving *** were overall differences in resource availability,technological capacity,and VGHPI preferences between LMIC and HIC respondents,with a statistically significant difference in VGHPI acceptability(p<0.001).There was no significant difference between groups regarding VGHP

关键词： Global health Partnership Virtual Pandemic

Kari Weil, Thinking Animals： Why Animal Studies Now？ New York： Columbia University Press, 2012, XXIV ＋ 190 pp., ISBN： 9780231148085.

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第2期11卷 324-327页

作者： william Edelglass Marlboro College

＂Animal Studies＂ is the name given to an area of study that in the last several decades has proliferated across the disciplines. In contrast to much of the history of philosophy, which sought to define the human as other than animal, animal studies generally problematizes neat categories and distinctions separating humans and other animals. And while there is often an ethical dimension to work in animal studies, it is quite different in tone from the projects of peter Singer, Tom Regan, and some other philosophers, whose primary task, when addressing animals,

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Integrating Environment into Agriculture and Forestry: Progress and Prospects in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

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Global health training in Canadian family medicine residency programmes

2008年

作者： william R. Sutton peter Whitford Emanuela Montanari Stephens Suzette Pedroso Galinato Bonnie Nevel Beata Plonka Ebru Karamete

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2020年第1期8卷 31-36页

作者： Divyanshi Jalan Helene Morakis Neil Arya Yassen Tcholakov Jennifer Carpenter william Cherniak Department of Family Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Emergency Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada McMaster University HamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Epidemiology BiostatisticsOccupational Health and Public HealthMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada Department of Emergency Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Bridge to Health Medical and Dental TorontoOntarioCanada Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Toronto Faculty of MedicineTorontoOntarioCanada

Objective Canadian family medicine(FM)residency programmes are responding to the growing demand to provide global health(GH)education to their trainees;herein,we describe the various GH activities(GHAs)offered within Canadian FM *** A bilingual online survey was sent out to all 17 Canadian FM program directors(PDs)and/or an appointed GH *** Online survey via Qualtrics Participants All 17 Canadian FM PDs and/or an appointed GH *** The response rate was 100%and represented 3250 first-year and second-year FM residents across English and french *** schools stated that they participate in some form of *** was variation in the level of organisation,participation and types of GHAs ***,most GHAs are optional,and there is a large amount of variation in terms of resident *** one third of programmes receive dedicated funding for their GHAs,and two thirds wish to increase the scope/variety of *** These results suggest nationwide interest in developing a workforce trained in GH,but show great discrepancies in training,implementation and education.

关键词： Canadian stated Canada

Storylines of family medicine Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,community and health

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S03期12卷 12-22页

作者： william B Ventres Leslie A Stone Rupal Shah Tamala Carter Geoffrey M Gusoff Winston Liaw Bich-May Nguyen Joanna V Rachelson Mary Alice Scott Teresa L Schiff-Elfalan Seiji Yamada Robert C Like Kathleen Zoppi A peter Catinella Richard M Frankel Shailendra Prasad Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Bridge Lane Group Practice LondonUK Penn Center for Community Health Workers University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA National Clinician Scholars Program UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Health Systems and Population Health Sciences University of Houston Tilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Southern New Mexico Family Medicine Residency Program Las CrucesNew MexicoUSA New Mexico Primary Care Training Program Silver CityNew MexicoUSA Anthropology New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Hawai'i at Manoa John A Burns School of MedicineHonoluluHawaiiUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Family Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Family Medicine–Transmountain Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTexasUSA Medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School-Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,community and health’,authors address the following themes:‘Context—grounding family medicine in time,place and being’,‘Recentring community’,‘Community-oriented primary care’,‘Embeddedness in practice’,‘The meaning of health’,‘Disease,illness and sickness—core concepts’,‘The biopsychosocial model’,‘The biopsychosocial approach’and‘Family medicine as social medicine.’May readers grasp new implications for medical education and practice in these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration dimensions

Abdominal applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Where do we stand?

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World Journal of Radiology 2013年第3期5卷 68-80页

作者： Ajaykumar C Morani Khaled M Elsayes peter S Liu william J Weadock Janio Szklaruk Jonathan Russell Dillman Asra Khan Thomas L Chenevert Hero K Hussain Department of Radiology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Radiology University of Michigan

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences providing qualitative as well as quantitative information at a cellular level. It has been widely used for various applications in the central nervous system. Over the past decade, various extracranial applications of DWI have been increasingly explored, as it may detect changes even before signal alterations or morphological abnormalities become apparent on other pulse sequences. Initial results from abdominal MRI applications are promising, particularly in oncological settings and for the detection of abscesses. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinically relevant basic concepts of DWI, techniques to perform abdominal DWI, its analysis and applications in abdominal visceral MR imaging, in addition to a brief overview of whole body DWI MRI.

关键词： Diffusion-weighted imaging Imaging Diffusion

Implications of carbon catabolite repression for plant–microbe interactions

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 13-33页

作者： Theophile Franzino Hasna Boubakri Tomislav Cernava Danis Abrouk Wafa Achouak Sylvie Reverchon william Nasser Feth el Zahar Haichar INSA-Lyon UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSUMR5240MicrobiologieAdaptationPathogénieUniversitéLyon10 rue Raphaël Dubois69622 VilleurbanneFrance UniversitéLyon UniversitéClaude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSINRAEVetAgro SupUMRÉcologie Microbienne69622 VilleurbanneFrance Institute of Environmental Biotechnology Graz University of TechnologyPetersgasse 12/IGraz 8010Austria Aix Marseille Université CEACNRSBIAMLab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere(LEMiRE)13108 Saint-Paul-Lez-DuranceFrance

Carbon catabolite repression(CCR)plays a key role in many physiological and adaptive responses in a broad range of microorganisms that are commonly associated with eukaryotic *** a mixture of different carbon sources is available,CCR,a global regulatory mechanism,inhibits the expression and activity of cellular processes associated with utilization of secondary carbon sources in the presence of the preferred carbon *** is known to be executed by completely different mechanisms in different bacteria,yeast,and *** addition to regulating catabolic genes,CCR also appears to play a key role in the expression of genes involved in plant–microbe ***,we present a detailed overview of CCR mechanisms in various *** highlight the role of CCR in beneficial as well as deleterious plant–microbe interactions based on the available *** addition,we explore the global distribution of known regulatory mechanisms within bacterial genomes retrieved from public repositories and within metatranscriptomes obtained from different plant *** integrating the available literature and performing targeted meta-analyses,we argue that CCR-regulated substrate use preferences of microorganisms should be considered an important trait involved in prevailing plant–microbe interactions.

关键词： carbon catabolite repression CCR carbon utilization plant–microbe interaction rhizosphere substrate-use preferences

Renal function after renal artery stenting

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2005年第4期2卷 196-197页

作者： George S.Hanzel Mark Downes peter A.McCullough Division of Cardiology william Beaumont Hospital Royal OakMIUSA Department of Clinical Radiology Kent and Canterbury Hospital CanterburyUK Division of Cardiology william Beaumont Hospital Royal OakMlUSA

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS), a common clinical finding, is increasing in prevalence as the population ages. ARAS is seen in ～ 7% of persons over 65 years of age1 and in ～ 20% of patients at the time of coronary angiography.2 It is an important cause of chronic kidney disease and may result in 11-14% of cases of end stage renal disease.

关键词： ARAS Renal function after renal artery stenting