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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish peter v.chrystal velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBM]and canola meal[CM])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM(413 g/kg)or CM(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBM group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;Pved on the average SIDC of dispensable AA(DAA)in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(Pverage SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;Pverage SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;Pvariable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Protein sources and starch-protein digestive dynamics manipulate growth performance in broiler chickens defined by an equilateraltriangle response surface design

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 204-213页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

A total of 360 male,off-sex Ross 308 chicks were offered 10 dietary treatments from 14 to 35 d post ehatch in an equilateral-triangle response surface design feeding study in order to confirm the importance of protein and amino acid digestive dynamics in broiler *** 3 apical diets were nutritionally-equivalent containing either soybean meal,non-bound amino acids or whey protein concentrate as the major source of dietary protein and amino *** blends of the 3 apical diets comprised the balance of 7 diets and each dietary treatment was offered to 6 replicate cages with 6 birds per *** performance,nutrient utilisation,apparent protein and starch digestibility coefficients were determined in 4 small intestinal *** optimal weight gain(2,085 g/bird)and feed conversion ratios(FCR,1.397)were generated by Diet 50S50W which included a 50:50 blend of apical diets rich in whey protein concentrate and soybean *** chickens offered Diet 50S50W also had the highest experimental and predicted jejunal digestibility(0.685 in proximal jejunum and 0.823 in distal jejunum).FCR was not correlated with apparent distal ileal digestibility coefficient(P>0.05)of protein but was correlated with apparent protein digestibility in proximal jejunum(r=-0.369,P=0.040)and distal jejunum(r=-0.316,P=0.015).Surplus dietary starch was correlated with increased fat pad weight(r=0.781,P?0.008).The findings confirmed the relevance of protein digestion rate,reflected by jejunal digestibility,on feed conversion of broiler chickens.A balance between protein-bound and non-bound crystalline or synthetic amino acids may be required for optimal growth and protein digestion.

关键词： Amino acid Digestive dynamics Glucose Protein Starch

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Identifying the shortfalls of crude protein-reduced,wheat-based broiler diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 181-189页

作者： peter H.Selle Shemil P.Macelline Shiva Greenhalgh peter v.chrystal Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation Within the University of Sydney Camden 2570NSWAustralia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamden 2570NSWAustralia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown 2006NSWAustralia Complete Feed Solutions Pakurangao2140 AucklandNew Zealand

The objective of this review is to identify the shortfalls of wheat-based,crude protein(CP)-reduced diets for broiler chickens as wheat is inferior to maize in this context but to inconsistent *** factors in wheat may be compromising gut integrity;these include soluble non-starch polysaccharides(NSP),amylase trypsin inhibitors(ATI)and *** NSP in wheat induce increased gut viscosities,which can lead to compromised gut integrity,which is not entirely ameliorated by NSP-degrading feed *** ATI probably compromise gut integrity and may also have the capacity to increase endogenous amino acid flows and decrease apparent starch and protein *** inclusions of 20 g/kg in a maize-soy diet depressed weight gain and feed intake and higher gluten inclusions have been shown to activate inflammatory cytokine-related genes in broiler *** research is required,perhaps particularly in relation to wheat *** protein content of wheat is typically higher than maize;importantly,this results in higher inclusions of non-bound amino acids in CP-reduced broiler *** higher inclusions could trigger post-enteral amino acid imbalances,leading to the deamination of surplus amino acids and the generation of ammonia(NH3)which,if not adequately detoxified,results in compromised growth performance from ***,alternatives to nonbound amino acids to meet amino acid requirements in birds offered CP-reduced,wheat-based diets merit *** digestion of wheat starch is more rapid than that of maize starch which may be a disadvantage as the provision of some slowly digestible starch in broiler diets may enhance ***,slowly digestible starch may result in more de novo ***,it may prove instructive to evaluate CP-reduced diets based on maize-wheat and/or sorghum-wheat blends rather than entirely *** would reduce non-bound amino acid inclusions by lowering dietary CP derived

关键词： Biomarkers Broiler chickens Reduced-crude protein diets Wheat

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The influence of dietary crude protein concentrations,grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on the performance of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 259-268页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal Chanon Inanan Mehdi Toghyani peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamperdown2006NSWAustralia Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydne Camden2570NSWAustralia Complete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamden2570NSWAustralia

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein(CP)concentrations,grain types and arginine:lysine ratios on performance parameters of broiler *** 2×2×2factorial array of dietary treatments harnessed two CP concentrations(210 and 170 g/kg),two feed grains(wheat and sorghum),and two arginine:lysine ratios(104 and 110).Each dietary treatment was offered to 7 replicates of 14 birds per floor pen,a total of 784 off-sex male,Ross 308 broilers,from 14 to 35 d *** dietary CP reduction compromised weight gain by 10.0%(2078 versus 2310 g/bird)as a main effect and FCR by 7.51%(1.474 versus 1.371),subject to an *** a three-way interaction(P=0.008),expanded arginine:lysine ratios improved FCR by 2.30%in 170 g/kg CP,sorghum-based diets but compromised FCR by 2.12%in corresponding wheat-based *** was the more suitable feed grain in reduced-CP diets as sorghum generated significant advantages in weight gain of 7.59%(2154versus 2002 g/kg)and FCR of 6.94%(1.421 versus 1.527)in birds offered 170 g/kg CP *** dietary CP and feed grain generated significant and divergent impacts in apparent ileal digestibility coefficients for the majority of 16 assessed amino *** CP reductions increased non-bound amino acid inclusions(NBAA)in wheat-based diets(48.96 versus 9.80 g/kg)to a greater extent than sorghum-based diets(35.3 versus 9.50 g/kg)and increasing dietary NBAA inclusions were linearly associated with compromised weight gain(r=-0.834;Pvements in *** implications of the observed outcomes are discussed and possible explanations are advanced.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chickens Energy Protein Sorghum Wheat

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The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 399-408页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline Michael T.Kidd peter v.chrystal Mehdi Toghyani peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamden NSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Complete Feed Solutions Howick2145New Zealand Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of nonbound amino acid(NBAA)in standard and reduced-crude protein(CP),wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler *** treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg ***210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or55.5 g/kg *** formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive *** of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 *** performance,relative abdominal fat-pad weights,breast muscle and leg shank yields were *** starch and protein(N)digestibility coefficients,disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were *** ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days *** transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3%(1742 versus 1964 g/bird)and FCR by 10.4%(1.606 versus 1.455),although both parameters were subject to treatment *** treatment interaction(Pved for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly improved FCR by 4.17%(1.424 versus1.486)in birds offered 210 g/kg CP diets,but significantly depressed FCR by 3.36%(1.632 versus 1.579)in180 g/kg CP diets.A quadratic relationship(r=0.860;Pversion ***,a multiple linear regression(r=0.913;P<0.001)was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:protein ratios were significantly(P<0.001)related to ***

关键词： Amino acid Broiler Non-bound amino acid Reduced-crude protein

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Graded methionine dietary inclusions influence growth performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 160-168页

作者： Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal Leon R.McQuade Bernard v.Mclnerney Yangsu Kim Yumin Bao peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Baiada Poultry Ltd Pendle HillNSW2145Australia Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia CJ Bio 330Dongho-roJung-guSeoul100-400Republic of Korea Redox Pty Ltd MintoNSW2566Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia

Graded quantities of 1.38,2.76 and 4.14 g/kg L-methionine were included in a control diet formulated to contain 3.07 g/kg digestible *** of the 4 dietary treatments was offered to 6 replicate cages(initially 8 birds per cage)from 1 to 21 d *** parameters assessed included growth performance,nutrient utilisation(apparent metabolisable energy[AME],AME:GE ratios,N retention,Ncorrected apparent metabolisable energy[AMEn]),apparent digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of amino acids in the distal *** also included free amino concentrations in systemic plasma(brachial vein)at 20 d postehatch and in hepatic tissue at 14 and 21 d *** L-methionine inclusions quadratically influenced weight gain(r=0.688;P=0.001)and FCR(r=0.780;Pvels of 3.07 g/kg digestible methionine and 13.0 g/kg digestible ***,an inclusion of 3.465 g/kg L-methionine corresponded to a total of 6.535 g/kg methionine or a methionine-to-lysine ratio of 50.3,which is higher than standard *** implications of this and other outcomes of the present study are reported and discussed.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chicken Methionine

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Assessment of limiting dietary amino acids in broiler chickens offered reduced crude protein diets

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 1-11页

作者： Craig W.Maynard Michael T.Kidd peter v.chrystal Leon R.McQuade Bernie v.McInerney peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu Center of Excellence for Poultry Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701United States Poultry Research Foundation Faculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Australian Proteome Analysis Facility Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

As lowering crude protein(CP)in poultry diets continues to minimize amino acid excess,it is important to understand the limiting order of amino acids and the impact of their ***,a pair of experiments were conducted to observe the effects of individual amino acid deletions on growth performance,carcass traits,and nutrient *** experiments involved 3 control diets based on wheat and soybean meal,including a 210.0 g/kg CP industry control(IC),186.7 g/kg CP positive control(PC)supplemented with feed-grade amino acids to match the IC amino acid profile,186.7 g/kg CP negative control(NC)with reducing N corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEN)by 0.5 MJ/kg and removing feed-grade amino acids beyond L-Lys-HCl,DL-Met,and L-Thr from *** deletion diets where the following supplemented amino acids were individually removed from the PC:val,Ile,Leu,Trp,Arg,His,Phe t Tyr,glycine equivalence(Glyequi),Pro,and Energy(0.5 MJ/kg reduction in AMEN of the PC).All diets were formulated to contain similar concentrations of digestible Lys,total sulfur amino acid(TSAA)and *** diets were offered to broiler chickens from 15 to 22 d postehatch in a cage study(Exp.1)to gain digestibility and nutrient utilization data;whereas they were offered from 15 to 35 d post ehatch in a floor-pen study(Exp.2)to gain performance and carcass yield *** removal of supplemented val,Arg,and Ile resulted in reduction on broiler performance(Pval of val,Arg,Ile,and Glyequi negatively influenced carcass traits(Pval and Arg are co-limiting in wheat-soybean meal diets,but that Ile and Glyequi may potentially limit breast and thigh development.

关键词： Amino acid Broiler chicken Crude protein Low protein diet

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Negative consequences of reduced protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids for performance,intestinal barrier function,and caecal microbiota composition of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 216-228页

作者： Reza Barekatain peter v.chrystal Tanya Nowland Amy F.Moss Gordon S.Howarth Thi Thu Hao van Robert J.Moore South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySAAustralia School of Animal and veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundoora West CampusBundooraVICAustralia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Envi1ronmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia

The consequences of feeding broiler chickens with reduced protein(RP)diets for gut health and barrier function are not well *** study was performed to elucidate the effect of reducing dietary protein and source of protein on gut health and performance *** experimental diets included 2 control diets with standard protein levels either containing meat and bone meal(CMBM)or an all-vegetable diet(CvEG),a medium RP diet(17.5%in growers and 16.5%in finisher),and a severe RP diet(15.6%in grower and 14.6%in finisher).Off-sex Ross 308 birds were assigned to each of the 4 diets and performance measurements were taken from d 7 to 42 *** diet was replicated 8 times(10 birds per replicate).A challenge study was conducted on additional 96 broilers(24 birds per diet)from d 13 to *** of the birds in each dietary treatment were challenged by dexamethasone(DEX)to induce a leaky *** birds with RP diets decreased weight gain(Pversion ratio(PvEG and CMBM control diets for any *** diet containing 15.6%protein increased(Pverall composition of the caecal microbiota was affected in birds fed 15.6%pro-tein having a significantly lower richness of microbiota in both sham and DEX-injected ***-bacteria was the main phylum driving the differences in birds fed 15.6%*** the family level,Bifidobacteriaceae,Unclassified Bifidobacteriales,Enterococcaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,and Lachnospir-aceae were the main taxa in birds fed 15.6%*** supplementation of synthetic amino acids,severe reduction of dietary pro

关键词： Gut health Microbiota Tight junction protein Inflammation Broiler

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Current experimental models, assessment and dietary modulations of intestinal permeability in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 801-811页

作者： Saad Gilani peter v.chrystal Reza Barekatain Danisco Animal Nutrition(IFF) Oegstgeestthe Netherlands Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd Pendle HillNSWAustralia South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySAAustralia School of Animal and veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia

Maintaining and optimising the intestinal barrier(IB)function in poultry has important implications for the health and performance of the *** a key aspect of the IB,intestinal permeability(IP)is mainly controlled by complex junctional proteins called tight junction proteins(TJ)that link enterocytes *** disruption of TJ is associated with increased gut leakage with possible subsequent impli-cations for bacterial translocation,intestinal inflammation,compromised health and performance of the *** considerable data being available for other species,research on IP in broiler chickens and in general avian species is still an understudied *** paper reviews the available literature with a specific focus on IP in broiler chickens with consideration given to practical factors affecting the IP,current assessment methods,markers and nutritional modulation of *** experimental models to induce gut leakage are discussed including pathogens,rye-based diets,feed deprivation and stress-inducing agents such as exogenous glucocorticoids and heat *** various markers including fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,expression of TJ and bacterial translocation have been widely utilized to study IP,recent studies have identified a number of excreta biomarkers to evaluate intestinal integrity,in particular non-invasive *** the research on various nutrients and feed additives to potentially modulate IP is still at an early stage,the most promising outcomes are anticipated for probiotics,prebiotics,amino acids and those feed ingredients,nutrients and additives with anti-inflammatory *** research gaps are identified for the mechanistic mode of action of various nutrients to influence IP under different experimental *** modulation of IP through various strategies(*** manipulation of diet)may be regarded as a new frontier for disease prevention and improving the health and performance of poultry particul

关键词： Intestinal barrier function Permeability Tight junction protein Gut leakage model

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Progress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 828-840页

作者： Sonia Yun Liu Shemil P.Macelline peter v.chrystal peter H.Selle Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney Camden Campus425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSW 2145Australia Sydney School of veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

The prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein(CP)diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best ***-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions;moreover,they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible *** variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are *** more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino *** of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine,this emphasises the value of so-called“non-essential”amino *** digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed,although the functions of insulin in avian species require *** is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets;if so,the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be *** increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler *** is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised *** progress in these directions can be realised,then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.

关键词： Amino acids Broiler chickens Glucose Insulin Protein Starch Threonine

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