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Extraction,quantification and characterization of oil from pumpkin seeds

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第1期8卷 98-102页

作者： Tonny Kukeera Noble Banadda peter tumutegyereize Nicholas Kiggundu Ratibu Asuman Department of Agricultural&Bio-Systems Engineering Makerere UniversityKampalaUganda Chemistry Laboratory Uganda Industrial Research InstituteKampalaUganda

A quantification and characterization study of oil from pumpkin seeds was carried out on three pumpkin varieties,namely,Japanese type of the Curcubita maxima species,Green Kabocha and butternut squash of the Cucurbita moschanta *** extraction was done using the Soxhlet method with petroleum ether as the *** physicochemical properties of acid value,iodine value,specific gravity and refractive index were *** results were analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA at a 5% level of *** mean values of oil content,acid value,iodine value,specific gravity and refractive index for Japanese type pumpkin were found to be 35.67%,2.24 mg KOH/g,26.45 mg I2/100 g,0.9126 and 1.47,*** Green Kabocha,the mean values of the above five properties were 30.12%,3.35 mg KOH/g,25.3 mg I2/100 g,0.9126 and 1.469,*** the Butternut squash type the mean values of the above five properties were 34.76%,3.74 mg KOH/g,26.61 mg I2,0.9131 and 1.471,*** can be noted that from the low acid values of the pumpkin oil,pumpkin oil can be identified as *** the low iodine value indicated that the pumpkin oil was *** addition,the low iodine value also suggested that the oil contains few unsaturated bonds and therefore has low susceptibility to oxidative *** a comparison of extraction rates from other oil sources in Uganda such as cotton(15%-20%),soybeans(19%-21%),the obtained results in this study suggested that pumpkin seeds are a viable source of vegetable oils that can be utilized for commercial vegetable oil extraction in Uganda.

关键词： pumpkin seeds pumpkin varieties oil extraction physicochemical properties vegetable oil characterization

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Effect of Variation in Co-Digestion Ratios of Matooke, Cassava and Sweet Potato Peels on Hydraulic Retention Time, Methane Yield and Its Kinetics

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2016年第4期6卷 93-115页

作者： peter tumutegyereize Clever Ketlogetswe Jerekias Gandure Noble Banadda Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda

This paper presents the results of batch anaerobic co-digestion of matooke, cassava, and sweet potato peels and vines. These agricultural wastes and others form the biggest portion of household wastes in developing countries. However, they have remained an unexploited resource amidst the ever increasing needs of clean energy and waste disposal challenges. Efforts to use them individually as biogas substrates have been associated with process acidification failure resulting from their fast hydrolysis. The aim of this work was to exploit agricultural wastes is co-digestion among themselves and assess their effect on methane yield and its kinetics, pH and hydraulic retention time (HRT). Sixteen ratios of Matooke peels (MP), cassava peels (CP) and sweet potato peels (SP) were assessed in duplicate. Methane yield and its kinetics, pH and HRT demonstrated dependence on the proportion of substrates in the mixture. Depending on the ratio mixture, HRT increased to 15 days compared to less than 5 days for single substrates, hydrolysis rate constant (k) reduced to a range of 0.1 - 0.3 d-1 compared to single substrates whose k-values were above 0.5 d-1, pH was maintained in the range of 6.38 - 6.43 and CH4 yield increased by 15% - 200%. Ratios 2:1:0, 2:0:1, 0:1:2, 1:1:1 and 1:1:4 were consistent all through in terms of model fitting, having a positive synergetic effect on HRT, hydrolysis rate constant, lag phase and methane yield. However, more research is needed in maintaining the pH near the neutral for process stability assurance if household wastes are to be used as standalone substrates for biogas production without being co-substrates with livestock manure.

关键词： Co-Digestion Household Wastes Hydrolysis Methane Yield Kinetics

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Technical Evaluation of Uptake, Use, Management and Future Implications of Household Biogas Digesters—A Case of Kampala City Peri-Urban Areas

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2017年第2期6卷 180-191页

The purposes for which biogas technology was introduced at household level were multiple but the major and direct one was to provide a clean and sustainable energy, thereby reducing the reliance on wood fuel. From the socio-economic studies that have been carried out, biogas end-users and technicians continue to be blamed for technical factors hindering its adoption and use. However, the ways these factors hinder biogas adoption and use plus the linkage between them seem not well understood right from policy to end-users. A technical survey was carried out on household biogas digesters to evaluate the adoption, use and management factors and their implications on the future of household digesters. Over-designed digesters in relation to family size yet not producing enough biogas, dependence on cow dung as the feedstock, 75% of users not being sure of loading rate and mixing ratios, not feeding the digesters daily by all households were found to be the main causes of why biogas was not enough for 87.5% of the respondents and digesters were abandoned in Kampala, Uganda. All surveyed digesters were characterized by starvation-overfeeding problem. Wood fuel was found still dominating in these households with biogas. Given that end-users had no options of digester types from which to select, but handed-over with over-size fixed dome digesters, there is need for all biogas stakeholders to come together as the reality on ground reveals that right from inception to management, everyone is to blame for the technical failures.

关键词： Biogas Technology Wood Fuel Policy Feedstock Technical Failures

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