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Open science and Data science

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Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 95-105页

作者： peter Wittenburg Max Planck Computing and Data Facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany

Data science(DS)as defined by Jim Gray is an emerging paradigm in all research areas to help finding non-obvious patterns of relevance in large distributed data collections.“Open science by Design”(OSD),i.e.,making artefacts such as data,metadata,models,and algorithms available and re-usable to peers and beyond as early as possible,is a pre-requisite for a flourishing DS ***,a few major aspects can be identified hampering a fast transition:(1)The classical“Open science by Publication”(OSP)is not sufficient any longer since it serves different functions,leads to non-acceptable delays and is associated with high curation *** data lab practices towards OSD requires more fundamental changes than OSP.(2)The classical publication-oriented models for metrics,mainly informed by citations,will not work anymore since the roles of contributors are more difficult to assess and will often change,i.e.,other ways for assigning incentives and recognition need to be found.(3)The huge investments in developing DS skills and capacities by some global companies and strong countries is leading to imbalances and fears by different stakeholders hampering the acceptance of Open science(OS).(4)Finally,OSD will depend on the availability of a global infrastructure fostering an integrated and interoperable data domain-“one data-domain”as George Strawn calls it-which is still not visible due to differences about the technological key *** therefore is a need for DS,but it will take much more time to implement it than we may have expected.

关键词： Open science by Design Open science by Publication Data science Data infrastructure Digital Objects FAIR

Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy of the Lewis Y Carbohydrate Specific Humanized Antibody MB311 in Patients with Malignant Effusion

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第1期5卷 28-37页

作者： Thomas Bauernhofer Helmut Samonigg peter Regitnik Werner weitzer Brigitte Lileg Günter Waxenecker Susanne Wiederkum Manuela Kainer Manfred schuster Hans Loibner Markus Fido Ralf Kircheis Andreas Nechansky Igeneon Vienna Austria Medical University Graz Graz Austria

Purpose: Investigation of safety and tolerability as well as therapeutic efficacy of the LeY specific humanized mAb MB311 in cancer pts with malignant effusions in a Phase II clinical trial. Experimental Design: An openlabel, single treatment arm, uncontrolled study with MB311 (100 mg per dose, intravenous infusion on day 1 and 7) in pts with malignant effusion (ascites or pleural effusion) was conducted with the primary objective to examine safety and tolerability as well as pharmacokinetics. Secondary objectives were assessment of pharmacodynamics, volumetric measurement of the malignant effusion and obtaining data for several immunological parameters. Results: Five pts (2 pts with gastric cancer and malignant ascites, 3 pts with breast cancer and malignant pleural effusion/ascites) have completed the study. MB311 was well tolerated with only two pts showing the easily manageable side effects nausea, vomiting (up to grade 2) and one episode of skin rash (grade 2) after the first application. Data of 4 pts were available for evaluating immunologic results and efficacy. In all pts significant levels of MB311 could be detected in the systemic blood circulation and the effusion leading to increased infiltration of CD45 positive immune cells (4/5 pts) and resulting in a reduction of tumor cell counts as detected by immunocytochemistry of effusion samples in 3/5 pts). Most interestingly, the pt with the highest LeY positive tumor showed a significant reduction of effusion volume after treatment—this decrease was also evident for Her2/neu positive tumor cells which were dramatically reduced after MB311 treatment in this breast cancer pt. Conclusion: MB311 was well tolerated in patients with malignant effusions, permeated into malignant effusion and attracted immune cells leading to decreased tumor cell counts in the effusion. In the case of strong LeY expression of malignant cells in the effusion a pronounced decrease in LeY, EpCAM and Her2/neu positive tumor cells and a

关键词： Passive Immunotherapy Therapeutic Antibody Circulating Tumor Cells Malignant Effusion Lewis Y Carbohydrate Ascites

Global perspectives on the ecological,cultural and socioeconomic relevance of wild edible fungi

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 408-424页

作者： Pérez-Moreno J Mortimer PE Xu J Karunarathna sc Li H Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina Edafología Campus MontecilloColegio de PostgraduadosTexcocoMéxico CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)KunmingChina

Wild edible fungi(WEF),including mushrooms and truffles,comprise a natural source of nutritious and healthy *** consumption of WEF began at least 18,700 years ago during the Stone *** data from over 100 countries indicates the existence of more than 2,100 edible species,a figure that is continually growing,as vast regions and many cultures remain ***,only around 30 species of WEF are grown commercially at a *** also play a key ecological role in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems and have significantly contributed in shaping all life on the *** as food,medicine or both,they are important for the survival,cultures,and economies of hundreds of ethnic groups around the *** the last 15 years,there has been a noteworthy increase in the international trade of WEF,which is currently estimated at billions(USD)*** 2017,the WEF global trade,of either fresh or processed products,exceeded 1,230,000 *** to their ecological,sociocultural and economic importance,the international WEF trade has a role to play in the post-pandemic recovery *** main challenge of this period will be maintaining natural ecosystems while simultaneously improving human *** elements of this challenge include ensuring food security,enhancing rural development,creating sustainable jobs,mitigating hunger,and slowing the loss of traditional knowledge generated over *** review analyzes the ways in which sustainable use of WEF could contribute to achieving these goals.

关键词： Biocultural importance Edible Wild Mushrooms Global Sustainable Development Socioeconomic value Traditional knowledge

Stability analysis of a thin-walled cylinder in turning operation using the semi-discretization method

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2014年第2期30卷 214-222页

作者： Arnab Chanda Achim Fischer peter Eberhard Santosha Kumar Dwivedy Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics University of Stuttgart

In this work, the stability of a flexible thin cylindrical workpiece in turning is analyzed. A process model is derived based on a finite element representation of the workpiece flexibility and a nonlinear cutting force law. Repeated cutting of the same surface due to overlapping cuts is modeled with the help of a time delay. The stability of the so obtained system of periodic delay differential equations is then determined using an approximation as a time-discrete system and Floquet theory. The time-discrete system is obtained using the semi-discretization method. The method is implemented to analyze the stability of two different workpiece models of different thicknesses for different tool positions with respect to the jaw end. It is shown that the stability chart depends on the tool position as well as on the thickness.

关键词： Machine tools Stability Chatter

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Editors’Note

Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 1-4页

作者： peter Wittenburg George Strawn Max Planck Computing and Data Facility Gießenbachstraße 285748 GarchingGermany US National Academy of sciences Washington DC 20418USA

In 2019 the German Leibniz research organization sponsored a conference on Open science(OS)with the idea to publish some of the presented papers in the Data Intelligence *** engaged as editors,we recognized that the term“Open science”was coined about 10 years ago with the intention as pointed out by Michael Nielson:“OS is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process”.

关键词： pointed Open journal

Applying Synchronous Condenser for Damping Provision in Converter-dominated Power System

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第3期9卷 639-647页

作者： Ha Thi Nguyen Guangya Yang Arne Hejde Nielsen peter HΦjgaard Jensen Bikash Pal the Department of Electrical Engineering Danmarks Tekniske UniversitetRoskildeDenmark the Electrical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark Siemens AG Sektor Energie BallerupDenmark the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK

The dynamic characteristics of converter-dominated systems are governed by controlling power converters and the interactions between converter systems and conventional *** oscillations can appear under dynamic operation conditions caused by the phase-locked loop dynamics and interactions among the converter control *** oscillations may be poorly damped,which can result in reduced power generation,longer settling time,or disconnections of sensitive *** is foreseeable that damping services will be critical for power grid stabilization in the future with high penetration of renewable *** this work,synchronous condensers(scs)are evaluated and applied to provide damping services to the power grid under post-event *** innovative supplementary controller for the automatic voltage regulator of scs is proposed to improve the frequency stabilization in a converter-dominated system after *** local and remote measurements,scs are able to modulate the reactive power output and hence,the terminal bus voltage,which further impacts the power flow in the system;therefore,damping can be provided to the frequency *** control is implemented on an industrial-level hardware platform,and the performance is verified by the hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

关键词： Power oscillation Prony analysis low-inertia system supplementary controller synchronous condenser(sc)

“Wood-nacre”:Development of a Bio-inspired Wood-Based Composite for Beam and 3D-Surface Elements with Improved Failure Mechanisms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1701-1711页

作者： Ulrich Müller peter Halbauer Alexander Stadlmann Maximilian Grabner Hajir Al-musawi Bernhard Ungerer Maximilian Pramreiter Department of Material science and Process Engineering Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable MaterialsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesKonrad-Lorenz-Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria Hycobility Engineering&Technologies GmbH Stadiongasse 6-8/Top281010ViennaAustria

Following the natural structure of the nacre,the material studied consists of a multitude of hexagonal tiles that are glued together in an offset manner with a ductile *** so-called“wood nacre”consists of macroscopic tiles of birch wood veneer with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 20 or 10 mm in diameter in order to mimic the aragonite tiles and the ductile PUR-adhesive corresponds to the layers of collagen in between.E-modulus(MOE),bending strength(MOR)and impact bending strength of the samples were determined and compared with reference samples of birch laminated *** hierarchical layered structure of the tiles does not cause any relevant loss in *** nacre,“wood nacre”also shows tough fracture behaviour and a high homogenization ***,strain hardening and high fracture toughness of the natural model could not be fully *** reason for this is the insufficient ratio between the strength and stiffness of the veneer layers and the *** adjusting the size of the tiles,increasing the strength and surface roughness of the veneers,*** densification,and using more ductile adhesives that can be applied in smaller layer thicknesses,it should be possible to better reproduce the natural ratios of nacre and thus achieve a significant improvement in the material properties of“wood nacre”.In addition to the mechanical properties,the high potential of the new material lies in the possibility of producing 3D shell-shaped elements for lightweight wood hybrid construction.

关键词： Bio-inspired Damage tolerance Failure behaviour Hierarchical structure Nacre Work of fracture

Case study approach to modeling historical disinfection by-product exposure in Iowa drinking waters

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2017年第8期29卷 183-190页

作者： Stuart W.Krasner Kenneth P.Cantor peter J.Weyer Mariana Hildesheim Gary Amy Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Water Quality La Verne CA 91750 USA National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination(CHEEC) University of Iowa Coralville IA 52242 USA Medical Research Solutions LLC Montgomery Village MD 20886 USA College of Engineering Computing and Applied SciencesClemson University Clemson SC 29631 USA

In the 1980 s, a case–control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa（USA） to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products（DBPs） and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes（THMs）, the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBPs in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBP *** THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBPs, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBP measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was156 μg/L compared to 74 μg/L for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels（〉 96 μg/L）. The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBP formation, for determining historical exposure.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Trihalomethanes Haloacetic acids Exposure assessment Epidemiology Bladder cancer

Helicobacter pylori upregulates prion protein expression in gastric mucosa: A possible link to prion disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第48期11卷 7651-7656页

作者： peter C Konturek Karolina Bazela Vitally Kukharskyy Michael Bauer Eckhart G Hahn Detlef schuppan Department of Medicine

AIM： Pathological prion protein （PrP^sc） is responsible for the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies （TSE）. While PrPc enters the organism via the oral route, less data is available to know about its uptake and the role of gastrointestinal inflammation on the expression of priori precursor PrPc, which is constitutively expressed in the gastric ***： We studied PrPc expression in the gastric mucosa of 10 Helicobacter pylori-positive patients before and after successful H pylori eradication compared to non-infected controls using RT-PCR and Western blotting. The effect of central mediators of gastric inflammation, i.e., gastrin, prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin 1 beta （IL-1β） on PrPc expression was analyzed in gastric cell ***： PrPc expression was increased in H pyloriinfection compared with non-infected controls and decreased to normal after successful eradication. Gastrin, PGE2, and IL-1β dose-dependently upregulated PrPc in gastric cells, while TNF-α had no ***： H pylori infection leads to the upregulation of gastric PrPc expression. This can be linked to H pylori induced hypergastrinemia and increased mucosal PGE2 and IL-1β synthesis. H pylori creates a milieu for enhanced propagation of prions in the gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Prions Helicobacter pylori, Gastrin Proinflammatory cytokines