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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 165-173页

作者： peter r.brown Khamouane KHAMPHOUKEO CSIrO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia National Agricultural and Forestry research Institute VientianeLao PDR

rodents are a serious constraint to poor farmers in the upland and lowland farming systems of the Lao People’sDemocratic republic and have been described as the pest they have least control over. To better understand theseproblems a baseline survey of farmers was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respectto rodent management. A structured survey was conducted in 12 villages across Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang,and Houaphan provinces. Twenty farmers from each village were interviewed (a total of 240 farmers). Farmersnoted that the main factor limiting production was pests (70%), with rats identified as the most important pest(98%). The mean yield loss was estimated at 19% (range 0–100%). Trapping and rodenticides were commonlyused by farmers. Farmers believed that it was important to control rats and believed that rats could only be controlledif farmers worked together. However, 65% of farmers conducted rodent control by themselves, and 92% offarmers believed that rodenticides were harmful to the environment. The main constraints identified were the highcost of some control methods and the need to get farmers to work together as a community.

关键词： decision making farmers’beliefs pest rice rodent management upland crop

Integration of ecology and biology for the management of rodents: International perspectives 1

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 121-122页

作者： peter r.brown Jens JACOB Hongjun LI Zhibin ZHANG CSIrO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Federal Biological research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina 不详

The papers presented in this special issue of Integrative Zoology(and over the next two issues)were mostly presented at the Third International Conference on rodent Biology and Management(ICrBM)that was held in 28 Aug−1 Sept 2006 in Hanoi,Vietnam(for a summary of the conference,see the summary report by *** in Integrative Zoology,1(4),194–195).The conference attracted an international audience of 130 participants from 35 countries,with a good mix of developed and developing countries,and students and researchers,with a particular emphasis on supporting scientists and students from developing *** conference provided an opportunity for all participants to refresh and update their knowledge of scientific,technical and extension developments in the field of rodent *** were approximately 110 spoken papers and 50 posters over the 4 days of the conference.

关键词： supporting mostly summary

Integration of ecology and biology for the management of rodents: International perspectives 2

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 191-192页

作者： Jens JACOB peter r.brown Hongjun LI Zhibin ZHANG Federal Biological research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany CSIrO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralia State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Most papers presented in this, the previous and thenext special issue of Integrative Zoology were presentedat the 3rd International Conference on rodent Biologyand Management (3rd ICrBM) that was held in earlyAugust in Hanoi, Vietnam 20061 . The conference attractedan international audience of 130 participants from35 countries and provided an opportunity for all participantsto refresh and update their knowledge of scientific,technical and extension developments in the field ofrodent biology. There were about 110 spoken papers andabout 50 posters. The three main themes of the conferencewere (1) rodent biology, (2) rodent ecology, and (3)rodent management.

关键词： biology. Integration ecology

Integration of ecology and biology for the management of rodents:International perspectives 3

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 1-2页

作者： Zhibin Zhang Hongjun Li Jens Jacob peter r.brown State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Federal Biological research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany CSIrO Sustainable Ecosystems GPO Box 284CanberraAustralia

This special issue of Integrative Zoology is the third and final one in a series of issues containing papers presented at the Third International Conference on rodent Biology and Management(ICrBM).The conference was held in Hanoi,Vietnam in August 2006 and focused on the areas of rodent biology,ecology and management(for details,please the summary report by *** see Integrative Zoology,1(4),194–195).The 1st ICrBM was held in Beijing,China,in *** 2nd ICrBM was held in Canberra,Australia,in *** of these two conferences were also published(Singleton et al.1999;Singleton et al.2003).This special issue contains a diverse range of papers examining rodents in urban environments,rodent behaviour and biology,and rodents in agricultural systems.

关键词： please Integration details

Unwanted and unintended effects of culling: A case for ecologically-based rodent management

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 247-259页

作者： Grant r.SINGLETON peter r.brown Jens JACOB Ken P.APLIN SUDArMAJI International rice research Institute ManilaPhilippines CSIrO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Federal Biological research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany Indonesian Institute for rice research Central Research Institute for Food CropsSubangWest JavaIndonesia

In this study, the ecological effects of culling programs are considered in the context of rodent pest *** the escalation of rodent problems globally, over the past quarter of a century there have not been many newdevelopments in culling programs directed at managing these populations. There is a strong reliance on broad scaleuse of chemical rodenticides or other lethal methods of control. The ecological consequences of culling programsbased on chemical rodenticides and bounty systems are considered. Although rodents cause tremendous economichardship to people on a continental scale, usually less than 10% of species cause substantial impacts. Indeed, manyspecies of rodent provide important “ecological services” and, given that culling programs rarely distinguishbetween rodent species, often the non-pest rodents are at grave risk. rodent control is conducted with littleappreciation of what proportion of the population would need to be culled for a significant reduction in economicdamage. In Indonesian rice fields, once rodent densities are high then a reduction in yield loss from 30% to 15%would require more than 75% of the population to be culled;a reduction to less than 5% yield loss would requiremore than a 95% cull. The negative ecological consequences of culling can be better managed if the method isspecifically tailored to the species that need to be managed. A greater emphasis on ecologically-based rodentmanagement would assist markedly in reducing the unwanted and unintended effects of culling.

关键词： bounty systems culling ecological effects rodenticides rodents.

Acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide:an assessment for wild house mice(Mus musculus)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 63-75页

作者： Lyn A.HINDS Steve HENrY Nikki VAN DE WEYEr Freya rOBINSON Wendy A.rUSCOE peter r.brown CSIrO Health&Biosecurity Clunies Ross StreetCanberraACTAustralia

Irregular plagues of house mice,Mus musculus,incur major economic impacts on agricultural production in *** efﬁcacy of zinc phosphide(ZnP),the only registered broadacre control agent for mice,is reported as increasingly *** mice become less sensitive over time or are they taking a sub-lethal dose and develop-ing aversion?In this laboratory study,the sensitivity of mice(wild caught;outbred laboratory strain)was assessed using oral gavage of a range of ZnP *** estimated LD50 values(72–79 mg ZnP/kg body weight)were similar for each mouse group but are signiﬁcantly higher than previously *** willingness of mice to consume ZnP-coated grains was ***-coated grains(50 g ZnP/kg grain)presented in the absence of alternative food were consumed and 94%of wild mice *** provided with alternative food and ZnP-coated wheat grains(either 25 or 50 g ZnP/kg grain)consumed toxic and non-toxic grains,and mortality was lower(33–55%).If a sublethal amount of ZnP-coated grain was consumed,aversion occurred,mostly when alternative food was *** sensitivity of wild house mice to ZnP in Australia is signiﬁcantly lower than previously *** laboratory conditions,ZnP-coated grains coated with a new higher dose(50 g ZnP/kg grain)were readily *** of toxic grain occurred when alternative food was available but was *** unambiguousﬁndings for house mice indicate a re-assessment of the ZnP loading for baits used for control of many rodents around the world may be warranted.

关键词： acute rodenticide aversion efﬁcacy LD50

Assessing display variability in wild brown anoles Anolis sagrei using a mechanical lizard model

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 140-152页

作者： Sarah r. PArTAN peter OTOVIC Virginia L. PrICE Scott E. brown School of Cognitive Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA Department of Psychology University of South Florida St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA

Signals used for species identity ought to be highly stereotyped so as to facilitate immediate recognition by conspecifics. It is surprising therefore to find variability in putative species signature displays. The brown anole Anolis sagrei has a high degree of variability in its signature bobbing display. In this study we collected descriptive data on variability in the temporal structure of wild brown anole bobbing patterns, finding that no two displays analyzed had the same temporal structure, and we also tested whether wild brown anoles prefer the signature display over an alternate display pattern by using mechanical robot playbacks in the field. As a response metric we assessed whether or not the lizards showed social responses （pushup, dewlap extension, or head-nod） in response to the robotic presentations. We found that the lizards responded slightly more to the signature than to the alternate pattern, providing support for the idea that despite the variability seen in displays, the signature pattern is meaningful to them. We tested two other independent variables： speed of the display and elevation of the robot during its display, neither of which was significant. Dewlap extensions were given predominantly by adult males and were more likely to be given in the breeding season than the nonbreeding season. Pushups and head-nods were given equally by males and a combined class of females and juveniles, and were not seasonal. Head-nods increased after the robot turned off, suggesting that they may be used in a conversational turn-taking style during communication .

关键词： Species recognition Ethorobotics Visual signals Territoriality Signature display Sex differences

Blind spots in climate finance for innovation peter WArrEN

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Advances in Climate Change research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： peter WArrEN School of Public Policy University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

International climate finance is a sub-set of green finance and refers to investments specifically in climate change mitigation and adaptation activities,which primarily involve public finance and the leveraging of private finance in developing *** addition to continued international support for scaling low carbon solutions and facilitating replicability in developing countries,there remains an important need to increase the amount of climate finance provided to innovation,particularly demonstration(for technology innovation)and pilot implementation(for policy innovation),and to channel a greater proportion of Official Development Assistance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as industrial decarbonisation,international transport and cross-sectoral issues like cooling and behavioural insights,to accelerate the commercialisation and implementation of technological,linancial and policy solutions to contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to‘well-below'2℃ in these *** research,development and demonstration(rD&D)support with technical assistance is important in providing the route to obtain wider donor finance(concessional finance)and private finance to enable deployment through scalability and replicability.

关键词： Climate finance Climate policy Paris Agreement Official development assistance Industrial decarbonisation Sustainable cooling Behavioural insights International transport

Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2161-2167页

作者： Juergen Siebler peter r Galle Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Mainz Langenbeckstr.155131 MainzGermany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is the most common cause for elevated liver enzymes in the developed nations. Beyond prevention programs which are of particular interest because of the increasing number of overweight children, treatment should be focussed on the most important risk factors, obesity and insulin resistance. As a consequence of elucidating the pathomechanisms of NAFLD, the number of potential therapeutic options increased. However, many studies investigating the therapeutic effect show shortcomings in at least one of the following points： lack of a serial liver biopsy, short term of treatment and limited number of included patients. The second generation insulin sensitizer pioglitazone and rosiglitazone show the most promising improvements in NAFLD, but weight gain and potential hepatotoxidty calls for attention. In conclusion, a general recommendation for the application of specific drugs cannot be given. Besides controlled clinical trials, weight reduction and physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity in obese patients should be the priority objective.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Treatment

New insights into calcium,dairy and colon cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4429-4433页

作者： peter r Holt Senior research Associate Rockefeller UniversityProfessor of Medicine (Emeritus)Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10065United States

This paper is to review recent information about the relationship of calcium and dairy foods to colon cancer. The review focuses on primary prevention, discusses the potential components in dairy foods that might be anti-neoplastic, reviews the epidemiologic information and describes intervention studies demonstrating efficacy of calcium and vitamin D in reducing colorectal polyp recurrence. Since vitamin D is important in cancer prevention, pertinent data is discussed and potential mechanisms of actions presented. Calcium and vitamin D are important agents for the primary prevention of colorectal neoplasia.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Dairy foods Calcium Vitamin D Colorectal polyp recurrence Colon cancer prevention