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Decarbonising energy: The developing international activity in hydrogen technologies and fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： John Meurig Thomas peter p.edwards peter J.Dobson Gari p.Owend Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)-Oxford Centre of Excellence in petrochemicals and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s College University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn Solutions(Independent Consultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells offer an alternative and improved solution for a decarbonised energy *** cells are electrochemical converters;transforming hydrogen (or energy sources containing hydrogen) and oxygen directly into *** hydrogen fuel cell,invented in 1839,permits the generation of electrical energy with high efficiency through a non-combustion,electrochemical process and,importantly,without the emission ofits point of ***,despite numerous efforts to exploit the obvious attractions of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells,various challenges have been encountered,some of which are reviewed ***,however,given the exigent need to urgently seek low-carbon paths for humankind’s energy future,numerous countries are advancing the deployment of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells not only for transport,but also as a means of the storage of excess renewable energy from,for example,wind and solar ***,hydrogen is also being blended into the natural gas supplies used in domestic heating and targeted in the decarbonisation of critical,large-scale industrial processes such as steel *** briefly review specific examples in countries such as Japan,South Korea and the people’s Republic of China,as well as selected examples from Europe and North America in the utilization of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbonisation Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Economy Fuel cells Environment Sustainability

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Does noble metal modification improve the photocatalytic activity of BiOCl?

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progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 286-293页

作者： Liang Kong Zheng Jiang Henry H.-C.Lai Tiancun Xiao peter p.edwards Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordUK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterCornwall CampusPenrynCornwall TR10 9EZUK

Noble metal-surface-deposited BiOCl photocatalysts were prepared through photo-deposition and used for photodecomposition of Rhodamine B(RhB).The received materials were characterised using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XpS),UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD) to understand the influence of surface deposited noble *** results showed that the noble metal species on the surface of BiOCl are in metallic state,which also brought about enhanced light absorption in broad UV-vis region due to plasmonic effects induced by the surfacedeposited noble metal *** the samples showed good activity in photodecomposition of RhB under UV-light irradiation,but only Ag/BiOCl was more active than bulk *** mechanism of the different reactivity of these noble-metal modified BiOCl was tentatively proposed based on the band structure and the interactions between noble metals and the BiOCl.

关键词： photocatalysis BiOCl Noble metal Rhodamine B plasmonic effect

A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.powley Hyowon Lee Matthew p.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the *** better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication *** several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel *** microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µ*** thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve *** this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a *** demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(ECAp)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve ***,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from C-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

The potential of glutamine supplementation in reduced-crude protein diets for chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第3期18卷 49-56页

作者： peter H.Selle Shemil p.Macelline Mehdi Toghyani Sonia Yun Liu poultry Research Foundation within the University of Sydney CamdenNSW 2570Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneyCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneyCamdenNSW 2570Australia

This review explores the potential of including glutamine,a so-called non-essential amino acid,in the formulation of reduced-crude protein(Cp)diets for broiler *** is a precedent for benefits when including glycine and serine in reduced-Cp *** this is due to decreases in non-essential amino acid concentrations in reduced-Cp diets—an unavoidable consequence of reducing Cp without amino acid *** situation for glutamine is complicated because analysed dietary concentrations are very rarely provided as standard assays do not differentiate between glutamine and glutamate and are reported on a combined basis as glutamic *** dietary requirement for glutamic acid is approximately 36.3 g/kg but it is increasingly unlikely that this requirement will be met as dietary Cp levels are progressively *** is an abundant and versatile amino acid and constitutes 50.5 mg/g of whole-body chicken protein and is the dominant free amino acid in systemic plasma where it has been shown to provide 22.6%(139.9 of 620.3μg/mL)of the total in birds offered 215 g/kg Cp,wheat-based *** addition to dietary intakes,glutamine biosynthesis is derived mainly from the condensation of glutamate and ammonia(NH3)catalysed by glutamine synthetase,a reaction that is pivotal to NH3 *** and NH3 are converted to glutamine by phosphate-dependent glutaminase in the reciprocal reaction;thus,glutamine and glutamate are interchangeable amino ***,the rate of glutamine biosynthesis may not be adequate in rapidly growing broiler chickens and exogenous and endogenous glutamine levels are probably insufficient in birds offered reduced-Cp *** many functional roles of glutamine,including NH3 detoxification and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis,then become *** feeding studies were identified where dietary glutamine supplementation,usually 10 g/kg,was evaluated in birds kept under thermoneutral ***

关键词： Broiler chicken Glutamate Glutamic acid Glutamine

Recent advances and opportunities in MXene-based liquid crystals

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InfoMat 2024年第3期6卷 1-21页

作者： Ken Aldren S.Usman Jizhen Zhang Kevinilo p.Marquez Mia Angela N.Judicpa peter A.Lynch Annabelle Bedford Babak Anasori Joselito M.Razal Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia Manufacturing Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO)Waurn PondsVictoriaAustralia Institute of Chemistry University of the Philippines-Los BañosLagunaPhilippines School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Indiana University-Purdue UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

The recent progress on the liquid crystalline(LC)dispersion of two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides(MXenes)has propelled this unique nanomaterial into a realm of high-performance architectures,such as films and ***ally,compared to architectures made from typical non-LC dispersions,those derived from LC MXene possess tunable ion transport routes and enhanced conductivity and physical properties,demonstrating great potential for a wide range of applications,such as electronic displays,smart glasses,and thermal camouflage *** review provides an overview of the progress achieved in the production and processing of LC MXenes,including critical discussions on satisfying the required conditions for LC *** also highlights how acquiring LC MXenes has broadened the current solution-based manufacturing paradigm of MXene-based architectures,resulting in unprecedented performances in their conventional applications(e.g.,energy storage and strain sensing)and in their emerging uses(e.g.,tribology).Opportunities for innovation and foreseen challenges are also discussed,offering future research directions on how to further benefit from the exciting potential of LC MXenes with the aim of promoting their widespread use in designing and manufacturing advanced materials and applications.

关键词： liquid crystals multi-functional materials MXenes solution-based processing

Assessment of four different dietary amino acid profiles recommended for ISA Brown layer hens: A validation study

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 438-446页

作者： Mehdi Toghyani Shemil Macelline Juliano C.de paula Dorigam peter V.Chrystal peter H.Selle Sonia Y.Liu School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Evonik Operations GmbH

The current feeding study was designed to validate the two dietary essential amino acid profiles(EAAp)established based on linear broken-line(LBL) and quadratic broken-line(QBL) models, in a previous study, against Evonik(AMINOHen) and breeder recommendations for ISA Brown layers for peak production(pp, 20 to 44 weeks of age), and post peak production(post pp, 44 to 75 weeks of age). The EAAp based on LBL models on average had 19.5% and 26.0% lower digestible AA(Lys, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Ile and Val), than the EAAp based on QBL models for pp and post pp, respectively. The EAAp based on AMINOHen and breeder recommendation had lower digestible AA than QBL, and higher EAAp than LBL models for both production phases. At 20 weeks of age, 224 ISA Brown layer hens were weighed and randomly allocated to individual battery cages. Each of the four diets was replicated 8 times with 7 birds per replicate. Egg production was recorded daily, and egg weights were measured at the end of each week. Feed consumption was measured at the end of each period. The egg production rate was not significantly affected by the diets and remained at around 98.0%(pp) and 95.0%(post pp)(p > 0.05). Birds fed diets based on LBL recommendation consistently laid smaller eggs, resulting in a lower egg mass(59.8 vs. 62.0 g egg/hen per day during pp, and 60.3 vs. 63.0 g egg/hen per day during post pp; p p > 0.05). The highest feed conversion ratio(FCR) during pp(p = 0.067) and post pp(p p tested in this study support an above average egg production rate. However, the EAAp based on LBL models may potentially decrease the input feed cost per kilogram of eggs but are not set to optimise FCR and maximise egg mass.

关键词： Ideal amino acid profile Regression model Egg production Egg mass

Comparative Efficacy of Lifestyle Modifications versus pharmacotherapy on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 17-29页

作者： Abiodun Omolara Aboaba Miracle Chinonso Okoro Okelue edwards Okobi Ifeoluwa Mary Falade Omosefe Enibokun Ogbeifun Shalom Katas Kingsley Agbodike Uvieroghene peter Ogbebor Moriamo Adedoyin Fashugba School of Medicine Avalon University Willemstad Curaao College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Larkin Community Hospital Palm Spring Campus Miami FL USA Department of Medicine Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Rainhill UK Department of Family Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham AL USA College of Medicine International University of the Health Sciences (IUHS) Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis Department of Internal Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Madonna University Elele Nigeria Department of Internal Medicine University of Science Arts and Technology Olveston Montserrat

Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (pRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLp-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed

关键词： Obesity Overweight Weight Loss pharmacotherapy Glucose Metabolism Disorders

Interdigitated terahertz metamaterial sensors:design with the dielectric perturbation theory

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photonics Research 2024年第6期12卷 1115-1128页

作者： LEI CAO FANQI MENG ESRAÖZDEMIR YANNIK LOTH MERLE RICHTER ANNA KATHARINA WIGGER MAIRA BEATRIZ pÉREZ SOSA ALAA JABBAR JUMAAH SHIHAB AL-DAFFAIE peter HARING BOLÍVAR HARTMUT G.ROSKOS State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China physikalisches Institut Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt am MainGermany University of Siegen Institute for High Frequency and Quantum ElectronicsSiegenGermany Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology5612 AE EindhovenThe Netherlands

Designing terahertz sensors for highly sensitive detection of nanoscale thin films and a few biomolecules poses a substantial challenge but is crucial for unlocking their full potential in scientific research and advanced *** work presents a strategy for optimizing metamaterial sensors in detecting small quantities of dielectric *** amount of frequency shift depends on intrinsic properties(electric field distribution,Q-factor,and mode volume)of the bare cavity as well as the overlap volume of its high-electric-field zone(s)and the *** by the simplified dielectric perturbation theory,interdigitated electric split-ring resonators(ID-eSRRs)are devised to significantly enhance the detection sensitivity compared with eSRRs without interdigitated ***-eSRR’s fin-gers redistribute the electric field,creating strongly localized enhancements,which boost analyte *** periodic change of the inherent antiphase electric field reduces radiation loss,leading to a higher *** with ID-eSRR sensors operating at around 300 GHz demonstrate a remarkable 33.5 GHz frequency shift upon depositing a 150 nm SiO_(2)layer as an analyte simulant,with a figure of merit improvement of over 50 times compared with structures without interdigitated *** rational design offers a promising avenue for highly sensitive detection of thin films and trace biomolecules.

关键词： dielectric perturbation theory

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Investigation of WZ Sge-type Dwarf Nova ASASSN-19oc:Optical Spectroscopy and Multicolor Light Curve Analysis

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 20-31页

作者： Viktoriia Krushevska Sergey Shugarov paolo Ochner Yuliana Kuznyetsova Mykola petrov peter Kroll Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Tatranska Lomnica05960 VysokéTatrySlovakia Main Astronomical Observatory of NAS of Ukraine 27 Akademika Zabolotnoho St.03143 KyivUkraine INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di padova Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5I-35122 PadovaItaly Department of physics and Astronomy University of PadovaVia F.Marzolo 8I-35131 PadovaItaly Max planck Computing and Data Facility(MpCDF) Gießenbachstrasse 2D-85748 GarchingGermany Sonneberg Observatory Sternwartestr.32D-96515 SonnebergGermany

In this study,we present an investigation of the newly discovered dwarf nova ASASSN-19oc during its superoutburst on 2019 June *** carried out detailed UBVRcIc-photometric observations and also obtained a spectrum on day 7 of the outburst,which shows the presence of hydrogen absorption lines commonly found in dwarf nova *** of photometric data reveals the occurrence of early superhumps in the initial days of observations,followed by ordinary and late *** have accurately calculated the period of the ordinary superhumps as pord=0.05681(10)days and determined the periods at different stages,as well as the rate of change of the superhump period(p_(dot)=(5)p/p=8.1×10^(-5)).Additionally,we have derived the mass ratio of the components(q=0.09),and estimated the color temperature during the outburst as~11,000 K,the distance to the system(d=560 pc)and absolute magnitude of the system in outburst(MV=5.3).We have shown that outbursts of this star are very rare:based on brightness measurements on 600 archival photographic plates,we found only one outburst that occurred in *** fact,as well as the properties listed above,convincingly shows that the variable ASASSN-19oc is a dwarf nova of WZ Sge type.

关键词： (stars)binaries(including multiple) close-(stars)novae-cataclysmic variables-stars dwarf novae

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