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Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Trends of Annual Extreme Temperature Indices over Tanzania during the Period of 1982-2022

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 33-50页

作者： Justus Renatus Mbawala Huixin Li Daudi Mikidadi Ndabagenga Jiani Zeng peter Nicky Mlonganile Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China National Meteorological Training Centre Kigoma Tanzania Tanzania Meteorological Authority (TMA) Forecasting Office Kilimanjaro International Airport (KIA) Kilimanjaro Tanzania

Extreme weather and climatic phenomena, such as heatwaves, cold waves, floods and droughts, are expected to become more common and have a significant impact on ecosystems, biodiversity, and society. Devastating disasters are mostly caused by record-breaking extreme events, which are becoming more frequent throughout the world, including Tanzania. A clear global signal of an increase in warm days and nights and a decrease in cold days and nights has been observed. The present study assessed the trends of annual extreme temperature indices during the period of 1982 to 2022 from 29 meteorological stations in which the daily minimum and maximum data were obtained from NASA/POWER. The Mann-Kendall and Sen slope estimator were employed for trend analysis calculation over the study area. The analyzed data have indicated for the most parts, the country has an increase in warm days and nights, extreme warm days and nights and a decrease in cold days and nights, extreme cold days and nights. It has been disclosed that the number of warm nights and days is on the rise, with the number of warm nights trending significantly faster than the number of warm days. The percentile-based extreme temperature indices exhibited more noticeable changes than the absolute extreme temperature indices. Specifically, 66% and 97% of stations demonstrated positive increasing trends in warm days (TX90p) and nights (TN90p), respectively. Conversely, the cold indices demonstrated 41% and 97% negative decreasing trends in TX10p and TN10p, respectively. The results are seemingly consistent with the observed temperature extreme trends in various parts of the world as indicated in IPCC reports.

关键词： Climate Extremes Absolute Extreme Temperature Percentile Extreme Temperature Mann-Kendall Test NASA

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Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven D Morley Kay Samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J Kendall David A Dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield peter C Hayes John N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVID-19 COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy

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A prospective cohort of men with localized prostate cancer on active surveillance protocol in Hong Kong,China:what did we learn?

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 245-249页

作者： Xiaobo Wu Ivan Ching-Ho Ko Cindy Yeuk-Lam Hong Samuel Chi-Hang Yee Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh Samson Yun-Sang Chan Ho-Man Tam Chi-Kwok Chan Chi-Fai Ng peter Ka-Fung Chiu SH Ho Urology Centre Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

This study aimed to report the outcomes of active surveillance(AS)in the management of low-risk prostate cancer(PCa).It recruited87 men who were prospectively followed up according to the Prostate Cancer Research International Active Surveillance(PRIAS)protocol with local adaptation at SH Ho Urology Centre,Prince of Wales Hospital,Hong Kong,*** investigated the predictorsof disease progression and found that baseline prostate-specific antigen density(PSAD)and the presence of the highest ProstateImaging-Reporting and Data System(PI-RADS)score 5 lesion on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)are significantly correlatedwith disease ***,men with PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)or PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions had significantly worse upgradingfree survival compared to those with PSAD≤0.2 ng ml−2 and PI-RADS 2 or 3 *** study concludes that AS is a safe andeffective management strategy for selected patients to defer radical treatment and that most disease progression can be detectedafter the first repeated *** combination of PSAD>0.2 ng ml^(−2)and PI-RADS 4 or 5 lesions may serve as a useful predictorof early disease progression and provide a guide to optimize follow-up protocols for men in different risk groups.

关键词： active surveillance cohort localized prostate cancer

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The FRB-searching Pipeline of the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder Array

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 115-134页

作者： Zijie Yu Furen Deng Shijie Sun Chenhui Niu Jixia Li Fengquan Wu Wei-Yang Wang Yougang Wang Shifan Zuo Lin Shu Jie Hao Xiaohui Liu Reza Ansari Ue-Li Pen Albert Stebbins peter Timbie Xuelei Chen National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Astrophysics Central China Normal University Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing UniversitéParis—Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLab Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto60 Saint George Street Department of Physics University of Wisconsin—Madison Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Department of Physics College of SciencesNortheastern University Center of High Energy Physics Peking University

This paper presents the design,calibration,and survey strategy of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) digital backend and its real-time data processing pipeline employed in the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder *** array,consisting of three parallel cylindrical reflectors and equipped with 96 dual-polarization feeds,is a radio interferometer array designed for conducting drift scans of the northern celestial *** FRB digital backend enables the formation of 96 digital beams,effectively covering an area of approximately 40 square degrees with the 3 dB *** pipeline demonstrates the capability to conduct an automatic search of FRBs,detecting at quasi-realtime and classifying FRB candidates *** current FRB searching pipeline has an overall recall rate of88%.During the commissioning phase,we successfully detected signals emitted by four well-known pulsars:PSR B0329+54,B2021+51,B0823+26,and B2020+*** report the first discovery of an FRB by our array,designated as FRB *** also investigate the optimal arrangement for the digitally formed beams to achieve maximum detection rate by numerical simulation.

关键词： (stars:) pulsars: general instrumentation: interferometers methods: data analysis telescopes

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Effect of Water Application Rate on Growth Parameters of Farro 44 Rice Grown in a Selected Irrigation Scheme in Niger State, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 533-547页

作者： Ebierni Akpoebidimiyen Otuaro John Jiya Musa Abayomi Ibrahim Kuti peter Obasa Sunday Enebojojo Daniel Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Maritime University Okerenkoko Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja Nigeria

Water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during dry season farming and its growth response. The randomised complete block design was employed for the Farro 44 rice variety, with each plot size 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for ease of monitoring. A 0.3 m bound space separated each plot. The crop spacing was 0.2 m × 0.3 m, 0.3 m × 0.3 m, and 0.3 m × 0.4 m, respectively, for the row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance. The data collected were statistically analysed. The height of the faro 44 variety of rice ranged between 35.50 cm to 44.00 cm for plots with 2 tillers per hill, while that of 4 and 6 tillers per hill ranged between 35.50 cm to 41.40 cm and 35.50 cm to 39.30 cm, respectively. Minimum damage of 2.32% was seen for plant hills of 2 tillers, while 9.21% and 11.89% were observed for tillers of 4 and 6, respectively. It was seen that plots with the highest spacing of 30 × 40 cm and tillers of 2 per hill were observed to perform better than those of the other plots within the experimental pots. Such plots had a maximum plant tiller of 37 when counted, with the height of the plants reaching 44 cm after 70 days of planting. In conclusion, farmers within the study area of the Kanko community in Niger State. Nigeria appears not to have any known knowledge of the soil they are cultivating and the water they use as a source of irrigation within the farming areas. It was further concluded that the rice crops would be produced maximally with minimal water application to the rice field.

关键词： Farro 44 Water Rice Irrigation Days

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Impact of Storage Temperature on Microbial Diversity and Probiotic Effect of Liquid Brewers’ Yeast

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 168-182页

作者： peter Alphonce Obuong Alaru Alfred Anakalo Shitandi Symon Maina Mahungu John Muasya Kilumba Muia Department of Dairy and Food Science and Technology Egerton University Nakuru Kenya Dairy Research Institute Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Naivasha Kenya School of Pure and Applied Sciences Kisii University Kisii Kenya

Using probiotics as animal feed additives instead of antibiotics is gaining momentum to avert adverse negative effects on human health. Liquid brewers yeast (LBY) is an industrial by-product containing probiotic microorganisms and is also used as a protein supplement for dairy animals. Nevertheless, value chain actors lack of appropriate handling practices compromises the by-products quality and safety. This study aimed to determine the effect of variation in temperature on microbial diversity and probiotic effects during the storage time of LBY sampled from distributors and farmers from Githunguri sub-county of Kenya. The samples were stored at 20C, 25C and 30C, then tested on 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The studys parameters involved determining the pH levels, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total coliform count (TCC), mould, and yeast in LBY. The rate (k) of the reaction kinetics model was used to extrapolate the expected probiotic shelf life. The LAB and yeast populations were reduced in a first-order reaction at all storage temperatures. The rate of reduction in the numbers of LAB reduced with an increase in temperature (k = 0.019 and 0.023) at 20C and 30C, respectively. Yeasts highest rate of growth reduction was 25C (k = 0.009) and least at 30C (k = 0.043). The minimum effective concentration for probiotics of 106 CFU/mL needed to observe the beneficial physiological impact on farm animals was achieved between 34.9 and 35.5 days at the tested storage temperatures. The study provides insight into the unexploited low-cost probiotic potential of LBY in dairy production. Conversely, handling practices and environmental microbial contamination along the value chain can compromise product quality and safety. There is a need to advocate its use in dairy for improved productivity and sensitize farmers to appropriate hygienic measures along the LBY value chain.

关键词： Liquid Brewers’ Yeast Microbial Diversity Probiotics Shelf Life

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波音的破碎企业文化待修复

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第5期 6-9页

作者： peter Robison 不详

在成为波音公司(Boeing Co.)最新一任感到羞愧的首席执行官之前,戴夫·卡尔霍恩(Dave Calhoun)曾经与他人合著过一本面向有志企业高管的小册子,名叫《公司取胜之道》(How Companies Win)。这本2010年出版的小册子着重阐述了为客户提供... 详细信息

在成为波音公司(Boeing Co.)最新一任感到羞愧的首席执行官之前,戴夫·卡尔霍恩(Dave Calhoun)曾经与他人合著过一本面向有志企业高管的小册子,名叫《公司取胜之道》(How Companies Win)。这本2010年出版的小册子着重阐述了为客户提供连他们自己都未意识到有此需求的创新产品的重要性。只有输家才会年复一年地生产百年不变的东西。

关键词：企业高管首席执行官卡尔霍恩取胜之道小册子

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高压直流电在欧洲海岸崛起

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科技纵览 2024年第1期 28-31页

作者： peter Fairley 不详

苏格兰下一代输电网络预示着全球电网的转型。勒威克发电厂即将退役,它的柴油发电机已为设得兰群岛供电超过70年。大约从2024年年中开始,隶属苏格兰大陆的设得兰群岛将由443兆瓦的维京风电场供电,该风电场由设得兰主岛上的103台风力涡... 详细信息

苏格兰下一代输电网络预示着全球电网的转型。勒威克发电厂即将退役,它的柴油发电机已为设得兰群岛供电超过70年。大约从2024年年中开始,隶属苏格兰大陆的设得兰群岛将由443兆瓦的维京风电场供电,该风电场由设得兰主岛上的103台风力涡轮机组成。

关键词：柴油发电机输电网络风力涡轮机高压直流电风电场设得兰群岛发电厂苏格兰

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Blood metal concentrations and cardiac structure and function in total joint arthroplasty patients

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 773-782页

作者： peter C Brennan Stephanie M peterson Thomas J O'Byrne Mariana L Laporta Cody C Wyles Paul J Jannetto Garvan C Kane Maria Vassilaki Hilal Maradit Kremers Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

BACKGROUND There is concern regarding potential long-term cardiotoxicity with systemic distribution of metals in total joint arthroplasty(TJA)*** To determine the association of commonly used implant metals with echocardiographic measures in TJA *** The study comprised 110 TJA patients who had a recent history of high chromium,cobalt or titanium *** underwent two-dimensional,three-dimensional,Doppler and speckle-strain transthoracic echocardiography and a blood draw to measure metal *** and sex-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of metal concentrations(exposure)with echocardiographic measures(outcome).RESULTS Higher cobalt concentrations were associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume(estimate 5.09;95%CI:0.02-10.17)as well as left atrial and right ventricular dilation,particularly in men but no changes in cardiac *** titanium concentrations were associated with a reduction in left ventricle global longitudinal strain(estimate 0.38;95%CI:0.70 to 0.06)and cardiac index(estimate 0.08;95%CI,-0.15 to-0.01).CONCLUSION Elevated cobalt and titanium concentrations may be associated with structural and functional cardiac changes in some *** studies are warranted to better understand the systemic effects of metals in TJA patients.

关键词： Total joint arthroplasty Metal-on-metal Cardiotoxicity Heart failure Echocardiography Cobalt

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Cu含量对铁基中熵合金耐腐蚀及抗菌性能的影响

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稀有金属材料与工程 2024年第7期53卷 1817-1825页

作者：赵燕春宋海转马虎文胡若楠冯力段望春 Liaw peter K 兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属加工与再利用国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730050 兰州理工大学温州泵阀工程研究院浙江温州325105 兰州资源环境职业技术大学甘肃兰州730123 田纳西大学材料系美国诺克斯维尔TN 37996

采用水冷铜坩埚磁悬浮真空熔炼炉制备了(Fe_(63.3)Mn_(14)Si_(9.1)Cr_(9.8)C_(3.8))_(99.5-x)Cu_(x)Ag_(0.5)(x=1,2,3,4,5,at%)合金,并对合金试样进行抗菌时效处理,研究Cu含量对合金耐腐蚀性能以及抗菌性能的影响。结果表明,经过固溶时效处理后的中熵合金均为fcc结构,随着Cu含量的提高,fcc1富铁基体上逐渐析出了富Cu和富Ag的fcc2相。合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能优于AISI304。随Cu含量的增加,腐蚀电流密度先减小而后增加,容抗弧半径先增大后减小,表明合金的耐腐蚀性能先增强后减弱。合金在大肠杆菌悬浮液中的腐蚀速率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,x=2合金的耐生物腐蚀能力最优,而抗菌性能和腐蚀性能存在倒置关系。富Cu和富Ag的fcc2相能有效提升合金的抗菌性能,x=5合金的抗菌性能最优,抗菌率达到99.94%.

关键词：中熵合金微观组织腐蚀性能抗菌性能

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