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Hypervelocity Impacts and Exposed Lithospheric Mantle: A Way to Recognize Large Terrestrial Impact Basins?

Journal of Earth Science 2019年第3期30卷 451-459页

作者： peter olds Chemistry Faculty College of Alameda

On the Moon and Mars olivine of probable mantle origin is detected at rims of large Late Heavy Bombardment(LHB) age impact basins for which excavation depth estimates exceed crustal thickness estimates. But lunar Crisium size impact basins are not recognized on Earth nor expected in the Phanerozoic from conventional interpretations of crater size frequency distributions. In this study several large circular to elliptical basin structures on Earth, for which hypothesized impact excavation depth would greatly exceed crustal thickness, are examined for the presence of exposed lithospheric mantle, expressed as ophiolite, at the rims. Three Phanerozoic impact basins, modified by plate tectonics and tentatively correlated with "ophiolite obduction" plus global extinction events, are proposed here. These tentatively suggested Phanerozoic impact basins are:(1) Yucatan Basin/Puerto Rico Trench with a Greater Antilles ophiolite rim. Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary global extinction may correlate with Maastrichtian ophiolite obduction in Southeast Cuba.(2) Loyalty Basin with a New Caledonia ophiolite plus d’Entrecasteaux Ridge rim. Late Eocene global extinction may correlate with obduction of the New Caledonia Peridotite Nappe.(3) Sulu Sea Basin with a Palawan, Sabah etc. ophiolite rim. The Middle Miocene Disruption Event may correlate with ophiolite obduction plus ophiolitic mélange emplacement in Sabah and in Palawan. These originally circular to elliptical belts of exposed lithospheric mantle may serve as strain markers for relative plate motions in the vicinity of plate boundaries during post-impact geologic times. It is further speculated that plate boundaries may be initiated and/or modified by such impacts.

关键词： olivine mantle impact basin ophiolite obduction mass extinction

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Regarding an Oceanic Crust/Upper Mantle Geochemical Signature at the KT Boundary:If not from Chicxulub Crater,then Where Did it Come from?

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第S1期91卷 28-29页

作者： peter olds Norm SLEEP College of Alameda Stanford University

Evidence for a mantle and/or basaltic component in KT boundary distal ejecta is apparently inconsistent with ejection from Chicxulub Crater since it is located on;5km thick continental crust（De Paolo et al.,1983;Montanari et al.,1983;Hildebrand and Boynton,1988,1990）.This evidence,along with ejected terrestrial chromites（olds et al.,2016）suggest the impact sampled terrestrial mafic and/or ultramafic target rocks which are not known to exist in the Chicxulub target *** resolutions to the paradox are:1)the existence of an unmapped/unknown suture in Yucatan Platform basement,2)an additional small unmapped/unknown impact site on oceanic lithosphere,or 3)an additional large impact on oceanic lithosphere or continental margin transitional to oceanic *** third hypothesis is elaborated here since:1)Ophiolites nearest to Chicxulub crater are found in Cuba and apparently were obducted in latest Cretaceous/earliest Danian times（García-Casco,2008）,inconsistent with the documented Eocene collision of Cuba with the Bahamas platform;and 2)Cuba hosts the world’s thickest known KT boundary deposits（Iturralde-Vinent,1992;Kiyokawa et al.,2002;Tada et al.,2003）.These and geometric considerations suggest oceanic crust and upper mantle rock,exposed as ophiolite in the Greater Antilles island chain,marks the rim of a roughly 700 km diameter impact basin deformed and dismembered from an originally circular form by at least 50 million years of left-lateral shear displacement along the North American-Caribbeantransform plate boundary.

关键词： then Where Did it Come from If not from Chicxulub Crater Regarding an Oceanic Crust/Upper Mantle Geochemical Signature at the KT Boundary KT

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KT Boundary Chromites Determined to be Terrestrial:Cr Isotopic Evidence for Excavation and Ejection of Mafic/Ultramafic Rocks by the KT Boundary Impact

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第S1期91卷 26-27页

作者： peter olds Mathew E.SANBORN Tim TEAGUE YIN Qingzhu College of Alameda University of California at Davis University of California at Berkeley

关键词： KT Boundary Chromites Determined to be Terrestrial Cr Isotopic Evidence for Excavation and Ejection of Mafic/Ultramafic Rocks by the KT Boundary Impact

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Evidence in Oman for Mantle Excavating Hypervelocity Impact at the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary?

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第S1期94卷 44-44页

作者： peter olds College of Alameda AlamedaCA 94501USA

Speculation that elliptical to circular segments of surface exposed lithospheric mantle belts might mark rims of large terrestrial impact basins suggests that the ophiolite rimmed Sulu Sea, Loyalty and Yucatan basins may have resulted from middle Miocene, late Eocene and K-Pg boundary mantle excavating hypervelocity impacts on Earth(olds, 2019). The Semail ophiolite suggests such a circular rim segment with a ~250 km radius of curvature implying an originally ~500 km diameter impact basin before subsequent deformation/destruction at plate boundaries. Presently the Arabian plate is being actively consumed at the Makran subduction zone(Penney et al., 2017) which evidently will result in subduction of the Gulf of Oman and suturing of the adjacent Semail ophiolite in the near geological future. For large impact basins on the rocky planets, O’Keefe and Ahrens(1993) estimate maximum excavation depth to be roughly 5% of final crater diameter. In this case maximum ejecta source depths of ~25 km are implied, a number roughly comparable with observed thicknesses of crust plus mantle sections for the Semail ophiolite(Aldega et al., 2017) and depths of burial due to over-thrusting(obduction) implied by the exhumed metamorphic sole(Cowan et al., 2014). Hacker et al.(1996) and Roberts et al.(2016) place peak metamorphism timing of the Semail metamorphic sole within uncertainty of the C-T Boundary at 94 Ma. Study of possible correlation of peak obduction timing with end-Cenomanian global extinction plus anoxic events(Wan et al., 2003) and C-T boundary impact ejecta plus tsunami deposits(Monteiro et al., 2001) may be warranted.

关键词： ophiolite obduction hypervelocity impact Cenomanian-Turonian boundary impact basin lithospheric mantle

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Non-communicable disease burden among inpatients at a rural district hospital in Malawi

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 522-531页

作者： peter olds Chiyembekezo Kachimanga George Talama Bright Mailosi Enoch Ndarama Jodie Totten Nicholas Musinguzi Dickson Hangiwa Gene Bukhman Emily B.Wroe Massachusetts General Hospital BostonMAUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMAUSA Partners in Health NenoMalawi Ministry of Health and Population LilongweMalawi Department of Emergency Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Global Health Collaborative Mbarara University of Science and TechnologyMbararaUganda Center for Integration Science Division of Global Health EquityBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMAUSA Program in Global NCDs and Social Change Deparment of Global Health and Social MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background The burden of non-communicable diseases(NCDs)is high in ***,resources and training for NCD care remain scarce,especially in rural *** care for NCDs in the developing world focuses on the WHO’s traditional 4×4 ***,we do not know the full burden of NCDs outside of that scope,like neurological disease,psychiatric illness,sickle cell disease,and *** goal of this study was to understand the burden of NCDs among inpatients in a rural district hospital in *** broadened our definition of NCDs beyond the traditional 4×4 set of NCDs,and included neurological disease,psychiatric illness,sickle cell disease,and *** We conducted a retrospective chart review of all inpatients who were admitted to the Neno District Hospital between January 2017 and October *** broke patients down by age,date of admission,type,and number of NCD diagnoses,and HIV status,and constructed multivariate regression models for length of stay and in-hospital *** Of 2239 total visits,27.5%were patients with *** with NCDs were older(37.6 vs 19.7 years,p<0.001)and made up 40.2%of total hospital *** also found two distinct populations of NCD *** first were patients 40 years and older with primary diagnoses of hypertension,heart failure,cancer,and *** second were patients under 40 years old with primary diagnoses of mental health conditions,burns,epilepsy,and *** also found significant trauma burden,accounting for 40%of all NCD *** multivariate analysis,carrying a medical NCD diagnosis was associated with longer length of stay(coefficient 5.2,p<0.001)and a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(OR 1.9,p=0.03).Burn patients also had significantly longer length of stay(coefficient 11.6,p<0.001).Conclusions There is a significant burden of NCDs in a rural hospital in Malawi,including those outside of the traditional 4×4 *** also found high rates of NCDs in the younger population(under 40

关键词： Malawi Non-communicable disease Burden of disease Inpatient Rural Hospital

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Associations of accelerometer-determined physical activity and sedentary behavior with sarcopenia and incident falls over 12 months in community-dwelling Swedish older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 577-584页

作者： David Scott Jonas Johansson Anoohya Gandham peter R.Ebeling peter Nordstrom Anna Nordstrom Department of Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Department of Medicine and Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science Melbourne Medical School Western Campusthe University of MelbourneSt AlbansVIC 3021Australia Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Section of Sustainable HealthUmea UniversityUmea SE-90187Sweden Department of Community Medicine UiT the Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9010Norway Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation Geriatric MedicineUmea UniversityUmea SE-90187Sweden School of Sport Sciences UiT the Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9010Norway

Purpose:This study was aimed to determine associations of accelerometer-determined time and bouts of sedentary behavior,light physical activity(LPA),and moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)with sarcopenia and incident falls over 12 ***:A total of 3334 Swedish 70-year-olds were assessed for sarcopenia,as defined by the revised definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older *** were based on low scores for appendicular lean mass(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry),hand grip strength,and the Timed Up and Go *** 7 days after baseline,total time and total number of bouts(≥10 min of continuous activity at a given intensity)of activity performed at sedentary,LPA,and MVPA intensities were assessed by *** falls were self-reported 6 months and 12 months after ***:Only 1.8%of participants had probable or confirmed *** multivariable adjustment for other levels of activity,only greater MVPA time was associated with a decreased likelihood of having low appendicular lean mass,low hand grip strength,and slow Timed Up and Go time as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria(all p0.05).Conclusion:Higher amounts of accelerometer-determined MVPA are consistently associated with a decreased likelihood of sarcopenia and its components,regardless of the length of bouts or amounts of sedentary behavior.

关键词： Accelerometer Falls Older adults Physical activity Sarcopenia

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PRAIRIE-BASED GREEN ROOFS:LITERATURE,TEMPLATES,AND ANALOGS

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第1期7卷 143-172页

作者： Richard K.Sutton John A.Harrington Lee Skabelund peter MacDonagh Reid R.Coffman Gord Koch Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and the Program in Landscape Architecture 279 Plant SciencesLincolnNEUSA UW-Madison 25 Agricultural Hall 1450 Linden DriveMadisonWIUSA54706 Kansas State University Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional and Community Planning3031 Seaton HallManhattanKSUSA66502 Kestrel Design Group 7101 Ohms LaneMinneapolisMN 55439 USA University of Oklahoma olds College

Native prairie species have been both promoted and questioned in their ability to serve as vegetative covers for green *** green roof environment with its exposure to intense sun and wind and limited moisture restricts the capacity for a large diversity of *** result has been,in many cases,a standard,low-diversity mix of Sedum species often focused on ornament and minimizes the potential for wider environmental *** reviewed the ecological literature on prairie and grassland communities with specific reference to habitat templates from stressed environmental conditions and examined analogs of prairie-based vegetation on twenty-one existing green *** found that many,but not all prairie and grassland species will survive and thrive on green roofs,especially when irrigated as needed or given adequate growing medium *** raise several important questions about media,irrigation,temperature,biodiversity and their interactions needing more study.

关键词： extensive semi-intensive green roof habitat templates prairie plants

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Validity assessment and determination of the cutoff value for the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need among 12-13 year-olds in Southern Chinese

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第2期4卷 88-93页

作者： Zheng-Yu Liao Fan Jian Hu Long Yun Lu Yan Wang Zhi Yang Yu-Wei He peter Wamalwa Jing Wang Nian-Song Ye Sheng Wang Wen-Li Lai Department of Orthodontics West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Orthodontics College of StomatologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina College of Stomatology.Dalian Medical University DalianChina Joint Orthodontics-orthognathic Surgery Center Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Clinical Supervisor and Lead Dentist Latrobe Community Health ServiceMorwellAustralia

To validate the use of the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need （ICON） in assessing orthodontic treatment need among 12-13 year-olds in southern China, we determined the threshold value of ICON based on Chinese orthodontists＇ judgments. The samples consisted of 335 students in grade 7 from 16 randomly selected middle schools in Chengdu, China. Three associate professors provided ICON scores for each participant and the results were compared with the gold standard judgments from 25 experts on treatment needs. Based on the gold standard, 195 casts belonged to the treatment category, while the rest 140 belonged to the no-treatment category. With the international cutoff point of 43, the sensitivity and specificity of the iCON score were 0.29 and 0.98. The best compromise between sensitivity and specificity in Chengdu, compared with the gold standard, was found at a cutoff point of 29, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.83. When used to evaluate the treatment need of 12-13 year-olds in southern China, the international ICON cutoff value did not correspond well with Chinese orthodontists＇ judgments; a lower cutoff value of 29 offered a ~reater sensitivitv and soecificitv with respect to exoert orthodontists＇ oerceotion of treatment need.

关键词： Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need occlusal index treatment need

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Impact of Marijuana on Response Inhibition: an fMRI Study in Young Adults

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2011年第3期1卷 124-133页

作者： Andra M. Smith Rocío A. López Zunini Christopher D. Anderson Carmelinda A. Longo Ian Cameron Matthew J. Hogan peter A. Fried 不详

Rationale: Marijuana use in adolescence is prevalent and increasing. Understanding the neural correlates of the impact of this use is critical for policy making and for youth awareness. Objectives The effects of marijuana use on response inhibition were investigated in 19–21-year-olds using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Participants were members of the Ottawa Prenatal Prospective Study, a longitudinal study that collected a unique body of information on participants from infancy to young adulthood including: prenatal drug history, detailed cognitive/behavioral performance, and current and past drug use. This information allowed for the control of an unparalleled number of potentially confounding variables including: prenatal marijuana, nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine exposure and offspring alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine use. Ten marijuana users and 14 nonusers that served as controls performed a Go/No-Go task while fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent response was examined. Results: Despite similar task performance, there was a positive relationship between amount of marijuana smoked and activation in right thalamus, premotor cortex and middle frontal gyrus. These regions form part of the neural network responsible for inhibition control. There was also a positive dose dependent relationship with marijuana and activation in inferior parietal lobe and precuneus, also parts of response inhibition pathways. Conclusions: These results suggest a dose dependent alteration in neural functioning during response inhibition after controlling for other prenatal and current drug use. These alterations may be necessary in order to compensate for neural changes in response inhibition circuits caused by long term marijuana use that began during adolescence/young adulthood.

关键词： Prefrontal Cortex fMRI Marijuana Young Adulthood Response Inhibition

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Factors Associated with Asymptomatic Proteinuria in Adult Nigerians. A Community-Based Study

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Health 2019年第6期11卷 609-620页

作者： Obinna Onodugo Adikaibe Ezeala-Adikaibe Casmir Orjioke Pauline Nkiruka Onodugo Uchenna Nkemdilim Ijoma peter Chime Nkeiruka Mbadiwe Chinwe Onyekonwu Obumneme Benneth Anyim Ijeoma Nnenne Obumneme-Anyim Ekenechukwu Young Chidimma Brenda Nwatu Julius Uwabunkeonye Okoye Monday Ume Nwobodo Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Introduction: Early detection of proteinuria is early detection is a cost-effective method of assessing individuals with and without risk factors for chronic renal disease. Proteinuria is common in adults and may present a clinical challenge in the absence of obvious renal disease or risk factors especially in the tropics. Few studies in Nigeria have assessed the prevalence of proteinuria in adults using the dipstick method. The aim of this study was to document the prevalence of proteinuria among residents of a community in Enugu, south east Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in an isolated urban slum settlement in Enugu, south east Nigeria. Dipstick testing of freshly voided early morning mid-stream urine samples was done to detect proteinuria. For database management and statistical analyses, SPSS version 23 was used. Results: A total of 262 individuals were recruited for the study, 165 (63%) females and 97 (37%) males. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 90 years, averaging 43.7 ± 15.5. Trace amounts of protein were detected in urine samples of 225 (85.9%) individuals. Significant proteinuria was detected in 3.8% of the participants and was significantly higher 40 - 49-year-olds (6%). p = 0.02 and 0.02 respectively. Significant correlates of proteinuria were lower diastolic blood pressure and current tobacco use. Lower body mass index weakly correlated with proteinuria. Conclusion: The prevalence of significant early morning proteinuria in a community-based study in Enugu was 3.8%. Significant correlates of proteinuria included low diastolic blood pressure and tobacco use. Community based awareness programs targeted at prevention of chronic renal diseases should be incorporated in public health programs.

关键词： Proteinuria Chronic Renal Disease Risk Factors Nigeria

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