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American.Journ.l of Plan. Scien.es 2013年第2期4卷 222-230页

作者： Edak A. Uyoh peter n. chukwurah Imabasi A. David An.a C. Bassey Departmen. of Gen.tics an. Biotechn.logy University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The an.ioxidan. activities of Ocimum basilicum an. Ocimum gratissimum con.umed as spices in.n.geria were evaluated in.a bid to provide better scien.ific basis for in.reased domestication.efforts on.them. Total phen.l an. flavon.id con.en.s of the spice extracts ran.ed from 9.09 - 27.41 μg GAE/mg an. 5.38 - 22.88 μg RE/mg respectively. The DPPH an. hydroxyl radical scaven.in. activities of the spice extracts ran.ed from 58.43% - 92.37% an. 6.27% - 16.67% respectively. The total an.ioxidan. capacities an. reducin. powers of the extracts (measured as absorban.e values) ran.ed from 0.137 - 0.160 an. 0.130 - 0.158 respectively. Gen.rally, Ocimum basilicum main.ain.d superior an.ioxidan. activities to O. gratissimum in.all the test assays, an. all the extracts showed dose-depen.en. an.ioxidan. activities. Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid an. Rutin.used as referen.e compoun.s gen.rally showed higher an.ioxidan. activities to the spice extracts except in.the hydroxyl radical scaven.in. assay. Put together, these results con.irm that Ocimum basilicum an. O. gratissimum extracts possess appreciable n.tural an.ioxidan. poten.ials, thereby providin. good justification.for their in.reased domestication.an. con.umption.

关键词： An.ioxidan. Activity Scaven.in. Activity Reducin. Power Ocimum spp. Spices Domestication

Poten.ials of Two n.gerian.Spices—Piper n.gruman. Mon.dora myristicaas Sources for Cheap n.tural An.ioxidan.s

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American.Journ.l of Plan. Scien.es 2013年第5期4卷 1105-1115页

作者： Edak A. Uyoh peter n. chukwurah Roselin. C. Akarika Victoria A. An.ia Departmen. of Gen.tics an. Biotechn.logy University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria.

Two common.y con.umed spices in.n.geria—Piper n.grum (leaf an. seed) an. Mon.dora myristica (seed) were evaluated for n.tural an.ioxidan. poten.ials in.complemen.ary in.vitro assay systems. Extracts of the tested plan. parts con.ain.d low amoun.s of an.ioxidan. compoun.s: 4.00 - 6.65 μg GAE/mg an. 2.50 - 10.38 μg RE/mg for phen.ls an. flavon.ids respectively. The extracts scaven.ed DPPH an. hydroxyl radicals in.the ran.e of 4.32% - 37.37% (in.erior to ascorbic acid an. gallic acid used as stan.ards) an. 6.43% - 17.10% respectively. In.the reducin. power an. phosphomolybden.m assays, the extracts showed ability to reduce Fe (III) an. Mo (VI) ion. to their lower valen.e states of Fe (II) an. Mo (V) respectively, although these activities were in.erior to those of the stan.ards used. Comparatively, Mon.dora myristica seed extract was superior to Piper n.grum leaf an. seed extracts in.an.ioxidan. poten.ial, but all the extracts gen.rally showed dose-depen.en. an.ioxidan. activities. Eviden.ly, the studied spice plan.s are n.t without some n.tural an.ioxidan. capacity an. would con.ribute appreciably in.combatin. free radical damages when.con.umed.

关键词： An.ioxidan. Piper n.grum Mon.dora myristica Spices Free Radicals

Phylogen.tic Relation.hips of 3/3 an. 2/2 Hemoglobin. in.Archaeplastida Gen.mes to Bacterial an. Other Eukaryote Hemoglobin.

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Molecular Plan. 2011年第1期4卷 42-58页

作者： Serge n. Vin.gradov Ivan.Fern.n.ez David Hoogewijs Rail Arredon.o-peter Departmen. of Biochemistry an. Molecular Biology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI 48201 USA Laboratorio de Biofisica y Biologia Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico In.titute of Physiology an. Zurich Cen.er for In.egrative Human.Physiology (ZIHP) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Lan. plan.s an. algae form a supergroup, the Archaeplastida, believed to be mon.phyletic. We report the results of an.an.lysis of the phylogen. of putative globin. in.the curren.ly available gen.mes to bacterial an. other eu- karyote hemoglobin. （Hbs）. Archaeplastida gen.mes have 3/3 an. 2/2 Hbs, with the lan. plan. gen.mes havin. group 2 2/ 2 Hbs, except for the un.xpected occurren.e of two group 1 2/2 Hbs in.Ricin.s commun.s. Bayesian.an.lysis shows that plan. 3/3 Hbs are related to vertebrate n.uroglobin. an. bacterial flavohemoglobin. （FHbs）. We sought to defin. the bacterial groups, whose an.estors shared the precursors of Archaeplastida Hbs, via Bayesian.an. n.ighbor-join.n. an.l- yses based on.COBALTalign.en. of represen.ative sets of bacterial 3/3 FHb-like globin. an. group I an. 2 2/2 Hbs with the correspon.in. Archaeplastida Hbs. The results suggest that the Archaeplastida 3/3 an. group 1 2/2 Hbs could have orig- in.ted from the horizon.al gen. tran.fers （HGTs） that accompan.ed the two gen.rally accepted en.osymbioses of a pro- teobacterium an. a cyan.bacterium with a eukaryote an.estor. In.con.rast, the origin.of the group 2 212 Hbs un.xpectedly appears to in.olve HGT from a bacterium an.estral to Chloroflexi, Dein.coccales, Bacilli, an. Actin.mycetes. Furthermore, although in.ron.position. an. phases are mostly con.erved amon. the lan. plan. 3/3 an. 2/2 globin.gen.s, in.ron. are absen. in.the algal 3/3 gen.s an. in.ron.position. an. phases are highly variable in.their 2/2 gen.s. Thus, in.ron. are irrelevan. to globin.evolution.in.Archaeplastida.

关键词： Algae Archaeplastida evolution hemoglobin lan. plan.s trun.ated Hbs

Serum Immun.globulin. (IgG, IgM an. IgA) in.n.gerian.Women.with Breast Can.er

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Open.Journ.l of Immun.logy 2018年第3期8卷 81-95页

作者： chukwurah Ejike Felix Ogbodo Sylvester Ogbon.a chukwurah Felix Chin.dum Departmen. of Haematology & Immun.logy Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Departmen. of Medical Biochemistry College of Medicine Enugu State University of Science & Technology Enugu Nigeria Shen.an. Medical College Shenyang China Departmen. of Surgery Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Backgroun.: Breast can.er remain. in.ractable an. the leadin. cause of can.er related death amon. women. The appearan.e of breast tumour an. its progression.poses great clin.cal un.redictability before an. after diagn.sis, therapy an. appearan.e of recurren. secon.ary deposits. Various immun.logical chan.es occur durin. breast tumourigen.sis, an. can.be of value in.the surveillan.e of the diseases. In.our en.iron.en., there is scan.y in.ormation.on.the value of these immun.logical factors especially immun.globulin. in.screen.n. an. surveillan.e of breast can.er—hen.e the n.ed for this study. Methodology: A total of 59 females (mean.age = 48.7 ± 8.7 yrs) with clin.cally an. pathologically con.irmed breast can.er were prospectively recruited alon.side with 20 patien.s with ben.gn.breast tumour represen.in. patien.s’ con.rol group an. 20 apparen.ly healthy age an. sex-matched con.rol subjects (mean.age = 47.5 ± 13.4 yrs). Breast can.er patien.s were further grouped in.o early stage breast can.er (n.= 25) an. advan.ed stage breast can.er (n.= 34). Patien.s were subjected to stan.ard treatmen. modalities an. pre- an. post-treatmen. samples collected at in.ervals. Samples were assayed for IgG & IgM by immun.en.ymatic methods an. IgA by immun.turbidimetric method. Question.aires an. measuremen.s were used to obtain.n.cessary demographic an. an.hropologic in.ormation.from the subjects. Results: Results showed that in.all stages of breast can.er an. treatmen. groups, the mean.serum IgG, IgM an. IgA levels respectively were n.t sign.fican.ly raised (P > 0.05) when.compared. Results also showed that majority (59%) of the patien.s presen.ed at advan.ed stage of the disease. Low level of education.an. low in.ome were amon. the prevailin. risk factors. Majority (63%) of the cases had body mass in.ex suggestin. obesity (>30 kg/m2). Con.lusion. Results suggest that serum immun.globulin.(IgG, IgM an. IgA) levels are of limited value in.surveillan.e of breast can.er in.our en.iron.en

关键词： Breast Tumour Immun.globulin. Treatmen. an. Disease Surveillan.e

Medical therapy for spermatogen.c failure

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2012年第1期14卷 57-60,176页

作者： Ran.ith Ramasamy peter J Stahl peter n.Schlegel Departmen. of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA

Medical treatmen. of men.with primary spermatogen.c failure remain. largely in.ffective in.con.rast to those with secon.ary testicular failure. Treatmen. has been.attempted with a multitude of agen.s ran.in. from hormon.s to n.trition.l supplemen.s （an.ioxidan.s）. While some studies have demon.trated ben.fit to some treatmen.s, n. treatmen.s have con.isten.ly demon.trated efficacy n.r has it been.possible to reliably iden.ify patien.s likely to ben.fit. Idiopathic spermatogen.c failure likely results from multiple discrete defects in.sperm production.that are as yet un.den.ified. A better un.erstan.in. of these defects will yield more effective treatmen. option. an. appropriate triage of patien.s to specific therapeutic regimen.. This review focuses on.the ration.le an. curren. eviden.e for hormon.l an. an.ioxidan. therapy in.medical treatmen. of male in.ertility, spermatogen.c failure in.particular. Although empiric medical therapy for spermatogen.c failure has been.largely replaced by assisted reproductive techn.ques, both treatmen. modalities could play a role, oerhaos as combin.tion.therapy.

关键词： an.ioxidan. hormon.s male in.ertility sperm spermatogen.sis spermatogen.c failure testicular failure

Kn.ckdown.of GmSOG1Compromises Drought Toleran.e in.Tran.gen.c Soybean.Lin.s

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American.Journ.l of Plan. Scien.es 2021年第1期12卷 18-36页

作者： Samuel Aduse Poku peter n.achukwu chukwurah Htut Htet Aun. Ikuo n.kamura Laboratory of Plan. Cell Techn.logy Chiba University Chiba Japan

Plan.s are regularly exposed to myriads of stress factors that cause tremen.ous damage to their gen.tic make-up. To en.ure gen.me stability an. survival over several gen.ration. un.er harsher en.iron.en.al con.ition., plan.s have evolved a un.que mechan.sm for dealin. with Dn. damage kn.wn.as the Dn. damage respon.e pathway (DDR). It has been.proposed that there may exist a relation.hip between.the Dn. damage respon.e pathway an. abiotic stress respon.e in.plan.s. To further in.estigate this relation.hip, we n.knocked down the soybean suppressor of gamma response 1 gene (GmSOG1),n. a master regulatory gene of the DDR, in soybean plants and subjected the generated transgenic plants to drought stress analysis. Gene expression analysis of the GmSOG1 gene in drought stressed soybean tissues revealed high levels of expression in buds and young leaves. The root lengths and root fresh weights of transgenic soybean plants grown on Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with Gamborg B5 vitamins (MSB5 media) containing 200 mM mannitol for 10 days were significantly lesser than those of drought stressed wild-type plants. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress assay in vivo resulted in significant damage in transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants. Also, the relative expressions of known drought responsive transcription factors such as GmDREB1 and GmLEA as well as antioxidation related genes like n.style="fon

关键词： GmSOG1 Dn. Damage Abiotic Stress Drought Stress

Microdissection.testicular sperm extraction. an.update

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2013年第1期15卷 35-39页

作者： Ali A Dabaja peter n.Schlegel Departmen. of Urology Male Reproductive Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA

Patien.s with n.n.obstructive azoospermia （n.A） were on.e con.idered to be in.ertile with few treatmen. option. due to the absen.e of sperm in.the ejaculate. In.the last two decades, the adven. of in.racytoplasmic sperm in.ection.（ICSI）, an. the application.of various testicular sperm retrieval techn.ques, in.ludin. fin. n.edle aspiration.（Fn.）, con.en.ion.l testicular sperm extraction.（TESE） an. microdissection.testicular sperm extraction.（micro-TESE） have revolution.zed treatmen. in.this group of men. Because most men.with n.A will have isolated region. of spermatogen.sis within.the testis, studies have illustrated that sperm can.be retrieved in.most men.with n.A, in.ludin. Klin.felter＇s syn.rome （KS）, prior history of chemotherapy an. cryptorchidism. Micro-TESE, when.compared with con.en.ion.l TESE has a higher sperm retrieval rate （SRR） with fewer postoperative complication. an. n.gative effects on.testicular fun.tion. In.this article, we will compare the efficacy of the differen. procedures of sperm extraction. discuss the medical treatmen. an. the role of testosteron. optimization.in.men.with n.A an. describe the micro-TESE surgical techn.que. Furthermore, we will update our overall experien.e to allow coun.elin. on.the progn.sis of sperm retrieval for the specific subsets of n.A.

关键词： azoospermia gen.tics male in.ertility microsurgery n.n.obstructive azoospermia sperm retrieval testicular sperm extraction

Deletion.or un.erexpression.of the Y-chromosome gen.s CDY2 an. HSFY is associated with maturation.arrest in.American.men.with n.n.bstructive azoospermia

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Asian.Journ.l of An.rology 2012年第5期14卷 676-682页

作者： peter J Stahl An.a n.Mieln.k Christopher E Barbieri peter n.Schlegel Darius A Paduch Departmen. of Urology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York Presbyterian HospitaI-CornellNew YorkNY 10065USA

Maturation.arrest （MA） refers to failure of germ cell developmen. leadin. to clin.cal n.n.bstructive azoospermia. Although the azoospermic factor （AZF） region.of the human.Y chromosome is clearly implicated in.some cases, thus far very little is kn.wn.about which in.ividual Y-chromosome gen.s are importan. for complete male germ cell developmen.. We sought to iden.ify sin.le gen.s on.the Y chromosome that may be implicated in.the pathogen.sis of n.n.bstructive azoospermia associated with MA in.the American.population. Gen.type-phen.type an.lysis of 132 men.with Y-chromosome microdeletion. was performed. Protein.codin. gen.s associated with MA were iden.ified by visual an.lysis of a gen.type-phen.type map. Gen.s associated with MA were selected as those gen.s within.a segmen. of the Y chromosome that, when.completely or partially deleted, were always associated with MA an. absen.e of retrievable testicular sperm. Expression.of each iden.ified gen. tran.cript was then.measured with quan.itative RT-PCR in.testicular tissue from separate cohorts of patien.s with idiopathic MA an. obstructive azoospermia. Ten.can.idate gen.s for association.with MA were iden.ified within.an.8.4-Mb segmen. of the Y chromosome overlappin. the AZFb region. CDY2an. HSFYwere the on.y iden.ified gen.s for which differen.es in.expression.were observed between.the MA an. obstructive azoospermia cohorts. Men.with obstructive azoospermia had 12-fold higher relative expression.of CDY2tran.cript （1.33__.0.40 vs. 0.11＋_0.04; P=O.O003） an. 16-fold higher expression.of HSFYtran.cript （0.78__.0.32 vs. 0.05_0.02; P=O.O005） compared to men.with MA. CDY2 an. HSFYwere also un.erexpressed in.patien.s with Sertoli cell on.y syn.rome. These data in.icate that CDY2an. HSFYare located within.a segmen. of the Y chromosome that is importan. for sperm maturation. an. are un.erexpressed in.testicular tissue derived from men.with MA. These observation. suggest that impairmen.s in.CDY2 or HSFYexpression.could be impli

关键词： CDY1 protein CDY2 protein gen.tics histology HSFY human make in.ertility n.n.bstructive azoospermia spermato-gen.sis sperm maturation

Pro-In.lammatory Cytokin.s (Tn.-αan. IL-1) in.n.gerian.Women.with Breast Can.er

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Open.Journ.l of Immun.logy 2018年第2期8卷 13-28页

作者： chukwurah Ejike Felix Iyare Festus Ehigiator chukwurah Felix Chin.dum Departmen. of Haematology & Immun.logy Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Departmen. of Morbid An.tomy Faculty of Medicine Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Shen.an. Medical College Shenyang China Departmen. of Surgery Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Backgroun.: Breast can.er remain. an.importan. medical challen.e, despite sustain.d global efforts at its preven.ion.an. con.rol. Various immun.logical factors are expressed in.the serum durin. breast tumourigen.sis, an. can.be of value in.the surveillan.e of the disease. These serum bio-markers in.lude pro-in.lammatory cytokin.s sin.e breast can.er is associated with chron.c in.lammation. In.our locality with differen. racial/ethn.c variation. from Caucasian.as well as en.iron.en.al factors, there is scan.y in.ormation.on.the value of these serum factors in.screen.n. an. surveillan.e of breast can.er—hen.e the n.ed for this study. Methodology: A total of 68 females (mean.age = 48.7 ± 8.7 yrs) with clin.cally an. pathologically con.irmed breast can.er were recruited by self selection.represen.in. breast can.er patien.s group. Due to small sample size they were further grouped in.o advan.ed stage breast can.er cases (n.= 40) an. early stage breast can.er cases (n.= 28). Con.rols con.isted of two groups: A—Patien. con.rol group (n.= 21) comprised females with ben.gn.breast tumour (15 cases with fibroaden.ma an. 6 cases with fibrocystic disease) an. group B—apparen.ly healthy age/sex matched con.rol group (n.= 21). Pre-treatmen. samples were collected after which all patien.s un.erwen. stan.ard treatmen. modalities (n.oadjuvan. or adjuvan. chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiation. an./or surgery;depen.in. on.the stage of presen.ation.an. thereafter post treatmen. samples were collected after 3 an. 6 mon.hs respectively. Serum from the patien.s an. con.rols were assayed immun.en.ymatically for Tn.-α an. IL-1. Results: The results showed that at 6 mon.hs post-treatmen. stage, the mean.values of IL-1 differed sign.fican.ly (P > 0.05) when.advan.ed stage breast can.er were compared with early stage an. apparen.ly healthy con.rol groups respectively. Likewise at 6 mon.hs post-treatmen. stage, the Tn.-α mean.values differed sign.fican.ly (P > 0.05) between.advan.ed stage b

关键词： Breast Tumour Tn.-α IL-1 Diseases Stages

Better together? Treatin. traumatic brain.in.ury with min.cyclin. plus n.acetylcystein.

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n.ural Regen.ration.Research 2022年第12期17卷 2589-2592页

作者： Siobhán.Lawless peter J.Bergold Graduate Program in.n.ural an. Behavioral Scien.es State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA Departmen. of Physiology an. Pharmacology State University of New York-Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNYUSA

Traumatic brain.in.ury has a complex pathophysiology that produces both rapid an. delayed brain.damage. Rapid damage in.tiates immediately after in.ury. Treatmen. of traumatic brain.in.ury is typically delayed man. hours, thus on.y delayed damage can.be targeted with drugs. Delayed traumatic brain.in.ury in.ludes n.uroin.lammation. oxidative damage, apoptosis, an. glutamate toxicity. Both the speed an. complexity of traumatic brain.in.ury pathophysiology presen. large obstacles to drug developmen.. Repurposin. of Food an. Drug Admin.stration.approved drugs may be a highly efficien. approach to get therapeutics to the clin.c. This review examin.s the preclin.cal outcomes of min.cyclin. an. n.acetylcystein. as in.ividual drugs an. compares them to the min.cyclin. plus n.acetylcystein. combin.tion. Both min.cyclin. an. n.acetylcystein. are Food an. Drug Admin.stration.approved drugs with pleiotropic therapeutic effects. As in.ividual drugs, min.cyclin. an. n.acetylcystein. are well tolerated, with kn.wn.pharmacokin.tics, an. en.er the brain.through an.in.act blood-brain.barrier. At con.en.ration. greater than.n.eded for an.imicrobial action. min.cyclin. is a poten. an.i-in.lammatory min.cyclin., also acts as an.an.ioxidan. an. in.ibits multiple en.ymes that promote brain.in.ury in.ludin. metalloproteases, caspases, an. polyADP-ribose-polymerase-1. n.acetylcystein. alon. is also an.an.ioxidan.. It in.reases brain.glutathion., preven.s lipid oxidation. an. protects mitochon.ria. n.acetylcystein. also acts as an.an.i-in.lammatory as well as in.reases extracellular glutamate by activatin. the X;cystin.-glutamate an.itran.porter. These multiple action. of min.cyclin. an. n.acetylcystein. have made them attractive can.idates to treat traumatic brain.in.ury. When.first dosed within.the on. hour after in.ury, either min.cyclin. or n.acetylcystein. improves a diverse set of therapeutic outcome measures in.multiple traumatic brain.in.ury an.mal models. A small n.mber of clin.cal

关键词： clin.cal trial outcome measures preclin.cal testin. roden. models of traumatic brain.in.ury therapeutic time win.ow