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Role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A controversial issue

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7325-7338页

作者： Wilhelmus J Kwanten Wim martinet peter P michielsen Sven m Francque Laboratory of Experimental medicine and Paediatrics University of Antwerp2000 AntwerpProvince of AntwerpBelgium Laboratory of Physiopharmacology University of Antwerp2000 AntwerpProvince of AntwerpBelgium Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology Antwerp University HospitalB-2650 EdegemProvince of AntwerpBelgium

Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions delivering cytoplasmic content to the lysosomes for degradation to *** potential role of autophagy in disease is increasingly recognised and investigated in the last *** it is commonly accepted that autophagy plays a role in the hepatic lipid ***,dysfunction of autophagy may be an underlying cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver ***,controversy of the exact role of autophagy in the lipid metabolism exists:some publications report a lipolytic function of autophagy,whereas others claim a lipogenic *** review aims to give an update of the present knowledge on autophagy in the hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic insulin resistance,steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrogenesis.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Steatohepatitis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Autophagy Lipophagy Lipid metabolism

Doctor communication quality and Friends' attitudes influence complementary medicine use in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3663-3670页

作者： Réme mountifield Jane m Andrews Antonina mikocka-Walus peter Bampton Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University of South Australia IBD Service Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and School of Medicine University of Adelaide at Royal Adelaide Hospital School of Nursing and midwifery University of South Australia

AIm: To examine the frequency of regular complementary and alternative therapy(CAm) use in three Australian cohorts of contrasting care setting and geography, and identify independent attitudinal and psychological predictors of CAm use across all cohorts. mETHODS: A cross sectional questionnaire was administered to inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) patients in 3 separate cohorts which differed by geographical region and care setting. Demographics and frequency of regular CAm use were assessed, along with attitudes towards IBD medication and psychological parameters such as anxiety, depression, personality traits and quality of life(QOL), and compared across cohorts. Independent attitudinal and psychological predictors of CAm use were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In 473 respondents(mean age 50.3 years, 60.2% female) regular CAm use was reported by45.4%, and did not vary between cohorts. Only 54.1%of users disclosed CAm use to their doctor. Independent predictors of CAm use which confirm those reported previously were: covert conventional medication dose reduction(P ment(P medication(P = 0.043), and higher QOL(P m use by family or friends(P mmunication(P m use, these data show that physician attention to communication and the patient-doctor relationship is important as these factors influence CAm use. Patient reluctance to discuss CAm with physicians may promote greater reliance on social contacts to influence CAm decisions.

关键词： Complementary medicine Alternative therapy Therapy

“Wood-nacre”:Development of a Bio-inspired Wood-Based Composite for Beam and 3D-Surface Elements with Improved Failure mechanisms

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1701-1711页

作者： Ulrich müller peter Halbauer Alexander Stadlmann maximilian Grabner Hajir Al-musawi Bernhard Ungerer maximilian Pramreiter Department of material Science and Process Engineering Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable MaterialsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesKonrad-Lorenz-Straße 243430Tulln an der DonauAustria Hycobility Engineering&Technologies GmbH Stadiongasse 6-8/Top281010ViennaAustria

Following the natural structure of the nacre,the material studied consists of a multitude of hexagonal tiles that are glued together in an offset manner with a ductile *** so-called“wood nacre”consists of macroscopic tiles of birch wood veneer with a thickness of 0.8 mm and a size of 20 or 10 mm in diameter in order to mimic the aragonite tiles and the ductile PUR-adhesive corresponds to the layers of collagen in between.E-modulus(mOE),bending strength(mOR)and impact bending strength of the samples were determined and compared with reference samples of birch laminated *** hierarchical layered structure of the tiles does not cause any relevant loss in *** nacre,“wood nacre”also shows tough fracture behaviour and a high homogenization ***,strain hardening and high fracture toughness of the natural model could not be fully *** reason for this is the insufficient ratio between the strength and stiffness of the veneer layers and the *** adjusting the size of the tiles,increasing the strength and surface roughness of the veneers,*** densification,and using more ductile adhesives that can be applied in smaller layer thicknesses,it should be possible to better reproduce the natural ratios of nacre and thus achieve a significant improvement in the material properties of“wood nacre”.In addition to the mechanical properties,the high potential of the new material lies in the possibility of producing 3D shell-shaped elements for lightweight wood hybrid construction.

关键词： Bio-inspired Damage tolerance Failure behaviour Hierarchical structure Nacre Work of fracture

Control of stem cell fate by engineering their micro and nanoenvironment

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第1期7卷 37-50页

作者： michelle F Griffin peter E Butler Alexander m Seifalian Deepak m Kalaskar UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine University College London London NW3 2PF United Kingdom Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital London NW3 2PF United Kingdom

Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix(ECm) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECm components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine.

关键词： Biomaterials Scaffold Stem cells Surfacetopography Tissue engineering

Flexible networked rural electrification using levelized interpolative genetic algorithm

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Energy and AI 2022年第4期10卷 41-59页

作者： Jerry C.F.Li Daniel Zimmerle peter m.Young Colorado State University Fort CollinsCO 80523United States

Networked rural electrification is an alternative approach to accelerate rural *** satellite photos and GIS tools,an electrical distribution network is used to connect villages and properly located generation facilities together to reduce electrification *** design the network,optimal paths connecting all node-pairs are identified,followed by finding a network topology that minimizes *** work has illustrated that A*(A-star,an optimal path-finding algorithm)is inefficient for this application due to the complex topography in rural *** multiplier-accelerated A*(mAA*)algorithm overcomes key performance issues,but,like A*,produces only one path connecting each *** on one path increases project risk because adverse conditions,such as inaccurate GIS estimation,unexpected soil conditions,land-rights disputes,political issues,*** occur during *** this paper,a hybrid path-finding method combining genetic algorithm and A*/mAA*algorithm is *** proposed method provides a family of near-optimal paths instead of a single optimal path for routing.A family of paths allows a project implementer to quickly adapt to unexpected situations as new information becomes available,and flexibly change network topology before or during implementation with minimal impact on project cost.

关键词： Rural electrification SDG7 Path finding Genetic algorithm,A^(*)algorithm

Coronavirus: epidemiology, genome replication and the interactions with their hosts

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第1期31卷 1-2页

作者： Zheng-Li Shi Deyin Guo peter J.m.Rottier Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Virology College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Virology Division Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University

This special issue of the journal is dedicated to the recent progress on coronaviruses and covers the topics of viral epidemiology,virus replication and the interactions between the coronaviruses and their *** of the ... 详细信息

关键词： replication epidemiology coronavirus infect dedicated pathogenic porcine antiviral avian livestock

Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean m.Riordan matthew C.Gernon peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal CNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

microstructural evolution of a silicon carbide-carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy composite during in-situ Kr ion irradiation at 300℃ 450℃

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2021年第12期71卷 75-83页

作者： Kaustubh Bawane Kathy Lu Xian-ming Bai Jing Hu meimei Li peter m.Bald Edward Ryan Department of materials Science and Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA IVEm-Tandem Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA

This work focuses on irradiation behaviors of a novel silicon carbide and carbon coated nanostructured ferritic alloy(SiC-C@NFA)composite for potential applications as a cladding and structural material for next generation nuclear *** SiC-C@NFA samples were irradiated with 1 meV Kr ions up to 10 dpa at 300 and 4500 *** and defect evolution were studied in-situ at the IVEm-Tandem facility at Argonne National *** effects of ion irradiation on various phases such asα-ferrite matrix,(Fe,Cr)_(7)C_(3),and(Ti,W)C precipitates were ***α-ferrite matrix showed a continuous increase in dislocation density along with spatial ordering of dislocation loops(or loop strings)at>5 *** size of the dislocation loops at 450℃was larger than that at 300℃.The nucleation and growth of new(Ti,W)C precipitates inα-ferrite grains were enhanced with the ion dose at 450℃.This study provides new insight into the irradiation resistance of the SiC-C@NFA system.

关键词： In-situ ion irradiation Ferritic steel (FeCr)_(7)C_(3) metal matrix composite Fuel cladding

Tensile and fracture properties of an mg-RE-Zn alloy at elevated temperatures

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第6期32卷 564-572页

作者： TROJANOVZuzanka DONI Tibor LUK Pavel PALEK peter CHALUPOV mária TILLOV Eva BASTOVANSKY Ronald Faculty of mathematics and Physics Charles University Faculty of mechanical Engineering University of Zilina

magnesium alloy EZ10 （mg-RE-Zn） was deformed in tension at temperatures from 20 up to 520℃. A rapid decrease of the yield and tensile strength with temperature was observed at temperatures higher than 300 ℃. On the other hand, ductility of sam-ples rapidly increased in the same temperature range. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal the rea-son for these behaviours. Intermetallic particles in grain boundaries are responsible for excellent mechanical properties at lower tem-peratures. Diffusional processes occurring at temperatures higher than 300 ℃ significantly influenced the deformation mechanism as well as the fracture character.

关键词： magnesium alloy tension dislocation slip twinning dynamic recrystallization grain boundary sliding, fracture, cavitation rare