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Process Design for Hybrid Sheet metal Components

Acta metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1518-1524页

作者： Rico Haase Roland müller Dirk Landgrebe peter Scholz matthias Riemer Fraunhofer Institute for machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU

The global trends towards improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO;emissions are the key drivers for lightweight solutions. In sheet metal processing, this can be achieved by the use of materials with a supreme strength-toweight and stiffness-to-weight ratio. Besides monolithic materials such as high-strength or light metals, in particular metal–plastic composite sheets are able to provide outstanding mechanical properties. Thus, the adaption of conventional, wellestablished forming methods for the processing of hybrid sheet metals is a current challenge for the sheet metal working industry. In this work, the planning phase for a conventional sheet metal forming process is studied aiming at the forming of metal–plastic composite sheets. The single process steps like material characterization, FE analysis, tool design and development of robust process parameters are studied in detail and adapted to the specific properties of metal–plastic composites. In material characterization, the model of the hybrid laminate needs to represent not only the mechanical properties of the individual combined materials, but also needs to reflect the behaviour of the interface zone between *** on experience, there is a strong dependency on temperature as well as strain rate. While monolithic materials show a moderate anisotropic behaviour, loads on laminates in different directions generate different strain states and completely different failure modes. During the FE analysis, thermo-mechanic and thermo-dynamic effects influence the temperature distribution within tool and work pieces and subsequently the forming behaviour. During try out and production phase,those additional influencing factors are limiting the process window even more and therefore need to be considered for the design of a robust forming process. A roadmap for sheet metal forming adjusted to metal–plastic composites is presented in this paper.

关键词： Characterization Hybrids Interface Layered structures Processing Sheet forming

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Diversifying Resistance mechanisms in Cereal Crops Using microphenomics

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 1-5页

作者： peter m.Dracatos Stefanie Lück Dimitar K.Douchkov Department of Animal Plant and Soil SciencesAgriBioLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3086Australia Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK)Gatersleben Corrensstrasse 306466 Seeland OT GaterslebenGermany

hole-grain cereals,including wheat,barley,oat,rye,corn,rice,millet,and triticale,are a rich source of calories,essential vitamins,minerals,and phytochemicals that both nourish and protect humans and animals from diseases such as heart attack and cancer[1].However,susceptibility to foliar diseases caused by necrotrophic or biotrophic fungal pathogens continues to reduce yield potential or lead to total crop failure and famine in developing nations[2].Historically,foliar diseases of cereals have been controlled using either fungicide treatment[3]or plant breeding[4].

关键词： breeding cereal corn

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Evidence for the involvement of NOD2 in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5834-5841页

作者： Sheena m Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw John Cardone peter D Howdle peter J murray Simon R Carding molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom Institute of molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom The Institute of Food Research Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UA United Kingdom Institute of molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Section of medicine Surgery & Anaesthesia Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 United States

AIm: To investigate the function of NOD2 in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). mETHODS: A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and absence of a functional NOD2 protein and, in response to enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used to investigate the consequences of knocking down NOD2 gene expression on the growth and survival of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic mucosa the highest levels of NOD2 expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. muramyl dipeptide (mDP), that is recognized by NOD2, promoted CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOD2-deficient CECs was impaired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also reduced and apoptosis increased in Nod2-/- mice, which were also evident following enteric Salmonella infection. Furthermore, neutralization of NOD2 mRNA expression in human colonic carcinoma cells by shRNA interference resulted in decreased survival due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the involvement of NOD2 protein in promoting CEC growth and survival. Defects in proliferation by CECs in cases of CD may contribute to the underlying pathology of disrupted intestinal homeostasis and excessive inflammation.

关键词： Colon Epithelial cells NOD2 Growth

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Probiotic effects on intestinal fermentation patterns in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第32期14卷 5020-5024页

作者： Jacqueline S Barrett Kim EK Canale Richard B Gearry peter m Irving peter R Gibson monash University Department of Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology Box Hill Hospital

AIm： To determine whether Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota （Yakult） can alter small intestinal bacterial overgrowth （SIBO）, as tested by the lactulose breath test, and whether this is associated with changes in symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome （IBS）. mETHODS： 18 patients with IBS （Rome Ⅱ criteria）, who showed an early rise in breath hydrogen with lactulose （ERBHAL）, consumed 65 mL of Yakult daily for 6 wk. Lactulose breath test was repeated at the end of the treatment period. Symptoms were recorded daily using a 10 cm visual analogue scale. RESULTS： 14 patients completed the study, 9 （64%） had reversal of ERBHAL, with the median time of first rise in breath hydrogen increasing from 45 to 75 min （P = 0.03）. There was no significant improvement in the symptom score with probiotic therapy, except for wind （P = 0.04）. Patients commencing with at least moderate symptoms and who no longer had ERBHAL at the end of treatment, showed improvement in the overall symptoms scores [median final score 5.3 （IQR 3.9-5.9）, 55% reduction; n = 6] to a greater extent than those who had had persisting ERBHAL [final score 6.9 （5.0-7.0）, 12% reduction; n = 5; P = 0.18]. CONCLUSION： Yakult is effective in altering fermentation patterns in the small bowel, consistent with reducing SIBO. The loss of ERBHAL was associated with reduced symptoms. The true interpretation of these findings awaits a randornised, controlled trial.

关键词： Probiotics Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Breath hydrogen testing Functional gut symptoms

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Those amazing dinoflagellate chromosomes

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Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 215-217页

作者： peter J RIZZO Department of Biology Texas A & m University College Station TX 77843 USA

Dinoflagellates are a very large and diverse group of eukaryotic algae that play a major role in aquatic food webs of both fresh water and marine habitats. moreover, the toxic members of this group pose a health threat in the form of red tides. Finally, dinoflagellates are of great evolutionary importance, because of their taxonomic position, and their unusual chromosome structure and composition. While the cytoplasm of dinoflagellates is typically eukaryotic, the nucleus is unique when compared to the nucleus of other eukaryotes. more specifically, while the chromosomes of all other eukaryotes contain histones, dinoflagellate chromosomes lack histones completely. There are no known exceptions to this observation: all dinoflagellates lack histones, and all other eukaryotes contain histones. Nevertheless, dinoflagellates remain a relatively unstudied group of eukaryotes.

关键词： dinofiagellates chromosomes histones histone-like proteins.

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Signaling in Early maize Kernel Development

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molecular Plant 2017年第3期10卷 375-388页

作者： Nicolas m. Doll Nathalie Depege-Fargei peter m. Rogowsky Thomas Widiez Laboratoire Reproduction et D6veloppement des Plantes Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon UCB Lyon 1 CNRS INRA 69342 Lyon France

Developing the next plant generation within the seed requires the coordination of complex programs driving pattern formation, growth, and differentiation of the three main seed compartments： the embryo （future plant）, the endosperm （storage compartment）, representing the two filial tissues, and the surround- ing maternal tissues. This review focuses on the signaling pathways and molecular players involved in early maize kernel development. In the 2 weeks following pollination, functional tissues are shaped from single cells, readying the kernel for filling with storage compounds. Although the overall picture of the signaling pathways regulating embryo and endosperm development remains fragmentary, several types of molecu- lar actors, such as hormones, sugars, or peptides, have been shown to be involved in particular aspects of these developmental processes. These molecular actors are likely to be components of signaling pathways that lead to transcriptional programming mediated by transcriptional factors. Through the integrated action of these components, multiple types of information received by cells or tissues lead to the correct differentiation and patterning of kernel compartments. In this review, recent advances regarding the four types of molecular actors （hormones, sugars, peptides/receptors, and transcription factors） involved in early maize development are presented.

关键词： maize kernel seed development embryo endosperm signaling Zea mays

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The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 169-179页

作者： Jon Hazeldine peter Hampson Janet m.Lord NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and microbiology Research Centre Institute of Inflammation and AgeingBirmingham University Medical SchoolBirmingham B152TTUK Healing Foundation Centre for Burns Research Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B152WBUK

As secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients,the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly *** on the idea that patients who experience"poor"outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience"good"outcome,tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific *** use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics,proteomics and metabolomics,numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse *** results are encouraging,with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with"good"outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections,sepsis and multiple organ failure,with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post *** particular,genomic data is proving to be highly informative,identifying patients at risk of"poor"outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring ***,focussing predominantly upon human-based research,we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic,protein and metabolite level,and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.

关键词： Burns Cytokines Genomics Inflammation mortality Sepsis Trauma

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Integrating beneficiaries into assessment of ecosystem services from managed forests at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest,USA

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第4期3卷 243-257页

作者： Jesse Caputo Colin m.Beier Valerie A.Luzadis peter m.Groffman SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management Syracuse NY 13210 USA Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook 12545 NY USA

Background：Forests contribute to human wellbeing through the provision of important ecosystem ***：In this study,we investigated how the perceived importance of ecosystem services may impact the overall benefit provided by managed watersheds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest over a 45-year period,using standardized measures of service capacity weighted by service importance weights derived from a survey of ***：The capacity of watersheds to regulate water flow and quality was high in all watersheds throughout the study period,whereas cultural services such as scenic beauty declined after *** on greenhouse gas regulation depended on the efficiency with which harvested biomass was *** revealed that stakeholders placed high value on all ecosystem services,with regulating and cultural services seen as more important than provisioning *** service metrics were weighted by survey responses and aggregated into a single measure,total service provision followed the same overall trend as greenhouse gas *** biomass use was less efficient in terms of greenhouse gas emissions,harvesting resulted in an overall ＂ecosystem service debt＂;where use was more efficient,this ＂ecosystem service debt＂ was ***＇ educational backgrounds significantly affected overall assessment of service *** with college or university degrees incurred smaller ＂ecosystem service debts＂ and were less negatively affected by harvesting ***：This study highlights the importance of including empirical measures of beneficiary preference when attempting to quantify overall provision of ecosystem services to human beneficiaries over time.

关键词： Ecosystem services Forests Long-term ecological research Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Regulating services

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Characterisation of Na-metasomatism in the Sveconorwegian Bamble Sector of South Norway

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 659-672页

作者： Ane K.Engvika peter m.Ihlena Hakon Austrheimb Geological Survey of Norway.P.O.Box 6315 Sluppen.N-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of Geosciences.University of Oslo P.O.Box 1047 BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

Na-metasomatism in the form of albitisation is regionally extensive in the Precambrian crust of southern Scandinavia and is particularly widespread in the Bamble Sector, the Kongsberg-modum Sector and the Norwegian part of the mylonite Zone. Sites of albitisation outside these belts are associated with hy- drothermal breccia pipes and fracture-bound alteration. The albitites are composed of near end-member sodic plagioclase （Ano 5Ab94-99） with minor carbonate （calcite and dolomite）, rutile, clinopyroxene （En30Fs21-23W047 49）, amphibole （edenite-pargasite）, quartz, titanite, tourmaline, epidote （Fe3＋ - 0.20 -0.85 a.p.f.u） and chlorite （mg# = 0.81-0.89）. The albitites have been studied in detail in the region around the town of Kragem, and are described as albitisation along veins, as breccias, alhitic felsites, massive carbonate-bearing albitites and megascale clinopyroxene-titanite-bearing albitite. The strong fluid control on their formation is illustrated by the veining and mineral replacement reactions, showing fluid transport by a H20-CO2 fluid rich in Na, depleting Fe and mg from the host rock, in accordance with calculated mass transfer. A study of the mineralogical replacement reactions in combination with a regional compilation has demonstrated the relationship between metasomatic processes and the for- mation of apatite, ruti｜e and Fe deposits. The albitites occur spatially associated with other metasomatic rocks such as scapolitised metagabbros. We document that metasomatism is an important mineral- and rock-forming process in the continental crust, which in the Bamble Sector is a part of the tectonome- tamorphic evolution of the Sveconorwegian orogen.

关键词： AlbititemetasomatismBamble SectorFluidsSveconorwegianSouth Norway

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Herbal medicines Prevent the Development of Atopic Dermatitis by multiple mechanisms

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Chinese Journal of Integrative medicine 2019年第2期25卷 151-160页

作者： mAN mao-qiang HU Li-zhi peter m.Elias Dermatology Service Veterans Affairs Medical Center Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco School of Basic medical Sciences Tianjin Medical University

Atopic dermatitis(AD) is among the most common skin disorders in humans. Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of AD, preventive approaches are limited. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain naturally-occurring herbal medicines are effective in preventing the development of AD via divergent mechanisms, such as inhibiting cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Yet, they exhibit few adverse effects. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could represent an ideal approach for preventing the development of AD, in both highly developed and developing countries.

关键词： herbal medicines T cells cytokines permeability barrier dermatitis

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