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Storylines of family medicine Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,community and health

Family medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 12-22页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Rupal Shah Tamala Carter Geoffrey m Gusoff Winston Liaw Bich-may Nguyen Joanna V Rachelson mary Alice Scott Teresa L Schiff-Elfalan Seiji Yamada Robert C Like Kathleen Zoppi A peter Catinella Richard m Frankel Shailendra Prasad Family and Preventive medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Bridge Lane Group Practice LondonUK Penn Center for Community Health Workers University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA National Clinician Scholars Program UCLA David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Health Systems and Population Health Sciences University of Houston Tilman J Fertitta Family College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA Southern New mexico Family medicine Residency Program Las CrucesNew MexicoUSA New mexico Primary Care Training Program Silver CityNew MexicoUSA Anthropology New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Family medicine and Community Health University of Hawai'i at Manoa John A Burns School of MedicineHonoluluHawaiiUSA Family medicine and Community Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Family medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Family medicine–Transmountain Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTexasUSA medicine Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA Family medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School-Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA

Storylines of Family medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅱ:foundational building blocks—context,community and health’,authors address the following themes:‘Context—grounding family medicine in time,place and being’,‘Recentring community’,‘Community-oriented primary care’,‘Embeddedness in practice’,‘The meaning of health’,‘Disease,illness and sickness—core concepts’,‘The biopsychosocial model’,‘The biopsychosocial approach’and‘Family medicine as social medicine.’may readers grasp new implications for medical education and practice in these essays.

关键词： thematic illustration dimensions

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Achieving strength-ductility synergy in novel paramagnetic Fe-based medium-entropy alloys through deep cryogenic deformation

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Rare metals 2024年第9期43卷 4493-4507页

作者： Hu-Wen ma Yan-Chun Zhao Li Feng Tian-Zeng Liu Zhi-Qi Yu Bo Jin Wang-Chun Duan peter K.Liaw Dong ma State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-Ferrous metals Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Wenzhou Pump and Valve Engineering Research Institute Lanzhou University of TechnologyWenzhou 325105China Iron and Steel Research Institute Jiuquan Iron and Steel CorporationJiayuguan 735100China Lanzhou Resources and Environment Voc-Tech University Lanzhou 730123China Department of materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-2200USA Neutron Science Center Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan 523808China

Cryogenic pre-deformation treatment has been widely used to effectively improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of steels and novel ***,the dislocation evolution and phase transformation induced by different degrees of deep cryogenic deformation are not yet fully *** this study,the effects of multiple cryogenic pre-treatments on the mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of a paramagnetic Fe_(63.3)mn_(14-)Si_(9.1)Cr_(9.8)C_(3.8)medium-entropy alloy(mEA)were investigated,leading to the discovery of a pretreated mEA that exhibits exceptional mechanical properties,including a fracture strength of 3.0 GPa,plastic strain of 26.1%and work-hardening index of *** addition,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEm)analyses revealed that multiple cryogenic pre-deformation treatments significantly increased the dislocation density of the mEA(from 9×10^(15)to 4×10^(16)m^(-2)after three pretreatments),along with a transition in the dislocation type from predominantly edge dislocations to mixed dislocations(including screw-and edge-type dislocations).Notably,this pretreated mEA retained its paramagnetic properties(μ_(r)ment can significantly reduce the stacking fault energy of the mEA by a factor of approximately four(i.e.,from 9.7 to2.6 m J·m^(-2)),thereby activating the synergistic effects of transformation-induced plasticity,twinning-induced plasticity and dislocation strengthening *** synergistic effects lead to simultaneous strength and ductility enhancement of the mEA.

关键词： Deep cryogenic transformation Iron-based medium-entropy alloys Dislocation evolution Phase transformation Stacking fault energy

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Association between Exposure to metals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： Vishal midya manasi Agrawal Jamil m.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga Joseph Eggers Jill K.Gregory mellissa Picker Inga peter Jeremiah J.Faith manish Arora martha m.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel Shoshannah Eggers Department of Environmental medicine and Climate Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy have been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals eventually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactive effect drives a specific subgroup of children toward elevated susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as having FC above 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elevated FC(false discovery rate(FDR)metal−microbial clique signatures significantly associated with elevated FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relative abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRmester and high relative abundances of Roseburia inulinivorans and Ruminococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDRmonstrates that children with specific gut microbes and specific exposure patterns to metals during pregnancy may have higher fecal calprotectin levels in late childhood,denoting an elevated risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome environmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

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Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.F.Li Y.J.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong m.Büscher S.m.Weng m.Chen Z.m.Sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(moE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina SANKEN(Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina peter Grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(moE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

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可信联邦学习进化优化算法综述

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 23-42页

作者： Qiqi Liu Yuping Yan Yaochu Jin Xilu Wang peter Ligeti Guo Yu Xueming Yan School of Engineering Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Faculty of Informatics Department of Computer AlgebraEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest 1053Hungary Faculty of Technology Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld 33619Germany Institute of Intelligent manufacturing Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China School of Information Science and Technology Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510006China

With the development of edge devices and cloud computing,the question of how to accomplish machine learning and optimization tasks in a privacy-preserving and secure way has attracted increased attention over the past *** a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning method,federated learning(FL)has become popular in the last few ***,the data privacy issue also occurs when solving optimization problems,which has received little attention so *** survey paper is concerned with privacy-preserving optimization,with a focus on privacy-preserving data-driven evolutionary *** aims to provide a roadmap from secure privacy-preserving learning to secure privacy-preserving optimization by summarizing security mechanisms and privacy-preserving approaches that can be employed in machine learning and *** provide a formal definition of security and privacy in learning,followed by a comprehensive review of FL schemes and cryptographic privacy-preserving ***,we present ideas on the emerging area of privacy-preserving optimization,ranging from privacy-preserving distributed optimization to privacy-preserving evolutionary optimization and privacy-preserving Bayesian optimization(BO).We further provide a thorough security analysis of BO and evolutionary optimization methods from the perspective of inferring attacks and active *** the basis of the above,an in-depth discussion is given to analyze what FL and distributed optimization strategies can be used for the design of federated optimization and what additional requirements are needed for achieving these ***,we conclude the survey by outlining open questions and remaining challenges in federated data-driven *** hope this survey can provide insights into the relationship between FL and federated optimization and will promote research interest in secure federated optimization.

关键词： Federated learning Privacy-preservation Security Evolutionary optimization Data-driven optimization Bayesian optimization

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Coconut Fiber Pyrolysis: Bio-Oil Characterization for Potential Application as an Alternative Energy Source and Production of Bio-Degradable Plastics

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第2期12卷 310-319页

作者： Patrick Ssemujju Lubowa Hiram Ndiritu peter Oketch James mutua Department of mechanical and mechatronics Engineering Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovations Nairobi Kenya Department of mechanical Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The current energy crisis could be alleviated by enhancing energy generation using the abundant biomass waste resources. Agricultural and forest wastes are the leading organic waste streams that can be transformed into useful alternative energy resources. Pyrolysis is one of the technologies for converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. This work investigated the production of bio-oil through batch pyrolysis technology. A fixed bed pyrolyzer was designed and fabricated for bio-oil production. The major components of the system include a fixed bed reactor, a condenser, and a bio-oil collector. The reactor was heated using a cylindrical biomass external heater. The pyrolysis process was carried out in a reactor at a pressure of 1atm and a varying operating temperature of 150˚C, 250˚C, 350˚C to 450˚C for 120 minutes. The mass of 1kg of coconut fiber was used with particle sizes between 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm. The results show that the higher the temperature, the more volume of bio-oil produced, with the highest yield being 39.2%, at 450˚C with a heating rate of 10˚C/min. The Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy analysis was used to analyze the bio-oil components. The obtained bio-oil has a pH of 2.4, a density of 1019.385 kg/m3, and a calorific value of 17.5 mJ/kg. The analysis also showed the presence of high-oxygenated compounds;carboxylic acids, phenols, alcohols, and branched oxygenated hydrocarbons as the main compounds present in the bio-oil. The results inferred that the liquid product could be bestowed as an alternative resource for polycarbonate material production.

关键词： Batch Pyrolysis Technology Coconut Fiber Bio-Oil Fourier Transformation Infrared Analysis

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Growth, Development and Yield of Kenaf as Affected by Planting Dates and N Fertilization

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 707-720页

作者： Julius Yirzagla peter Quandahor Iddrisu Yahaya Olivia Aguriboba Akanbelum Listowell Aditwin Akologo John Bokaligidi Lambon Abdul-Wahab m. Imoro Kwadwo Gyasi Santo CSIR-SARI Nyankpala Ghana St Vincent College of Education Yendi Ghana Gbewaah College of Education Pusiga-Bawku Ghana CSIR-Head Office Accra Ghana C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L) consists of various beneficial components like stalks, seeds, leaves, fibers, oils, proteins, allelopathic chemicals, and fiber strands, among other things. Despite the numerous uses of the crop, there is little or no information on optimum agronomic practices such as planting date and N fertilization of the crop in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana where the crop is widely cultivated by smallholder farmers. Field experiments were therefore carried out in 2020 and repeated during the 2021 cropping season in the study area. The objective of the study was to determine appropriate planting date and N fertilization for increased kenaf productivity. In each year, the treatments consisted of 3 × 5 factorial combinations of three planting dates (1st July, 7th July and 14th July) and five levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/ha) replicated three times. The design of the experiment was a split-plot with the N fertilizer as the main plot and the planting date assigned to sub plot. The results showed that, planting kenaf in early (1st) July or N fertilization at the rate of 60 kg/ha increased plant density, stem height, stem diameter, dry bast and core yields in both cropping seasons.

关键词： Growth Fibres Bast Yield Core Yield

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The FRB-searching Pipeline of the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder Array

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 113-132页

作者： Zijie Yu Furen Deng Shijie Sun Chenhui Niu Jixia Li Fengquan Wu Wei-Yang Wang Yougang Wang Shifan Zuo Lin Shu Jie Hao Xiaohui Liu Reza Ansari Ue-Li Pen Albert Stebbins peter Timbie Xuelei Chen National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100101China Institute of Astrophysics Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Guangdong Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computing Guangzhou 510535China UniversitéParis-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLab91405 OrsayFrance Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617TaiwanChina Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto60 Saint George StreetTorontoON M5S 3H8Canada Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O.Box 500Batavia IL 60510-5011USA Department of Physics College of SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Center of High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

This paper presents the design,calibration,and survey strategy of the Fast Radio Burst(FRB)digital backend and its real-time data processing pipeline employed in the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder *** array,consisting of three parallel cylindrical reflectors and equipped with 96 dual-polarization feeds,is a radio interferometer array designed for conducting drift scans of the northern celestial *** FRB digital backend enables the formation of 96 digital beams,effectively covering an area of approximately 40 square degrees with the 3 dB *** pipeline demonstrates the capability to conduct an automatic search of FRBs,detecting at quasi-realtime and classifying FRB candidates *** current FRB searching pipeline has an overall recall rate of88%.During the commissioning phase,we successfully detected signals emitted by four well-known pulsars:PSR B0329+54,B2021+51,B0823+26,and B2020+*** report the first discovery of an FRB by our array,designated as FRB *** also investigate the optimal arrangement for the digitally formed beams to achieve maximum detection rate by numerical simulation.

关键词： instrumentation interferometers-methods data analysis-(stars )pulsars general-telescopes

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Effect of Water Application Rate on Growth Parameters of Farro 44 Rice Grown in a Selected Irrigation Scheme in Niger State, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 533-547页

作者： Ebierni Akpoebidimiyen Otuaro John Jiya musa Abayomi Ibrahim Kuti peter Obasa Sunday Enebojojo Daniel Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Maritime University Okerenkoko Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja Nigeria

Water and land are the necessary agricultural inputs, and both are scarce these days. This study aims to determine the effect of water application rate on selected planting and crop parameters of Farro 44 rice during dry season farming and its growth response. The randomised complete block design was employed for the Farro 44 rice variety, with each plot size 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for ease of monitoring. A 0.3 m bound space separated each plot. The crop spacing was 0.2 m × 0.3 m, 0.3 m × 0.3 m, and 0.3 m × 0.4 m, respectively, for the row-to-row and plant-to-plant distance. The data collected were statistically analysed. The height of the faro 44 variety of rice ranged between 35.50 cm to 44.00 cm for plots with 2 tillers per hill, while that of 4 and 6 tillers per hill ranged between 35.50 cm to 41.40 cm and 35.50 cm to 39.30 cm, respectively. minimum damage of 2.32% was seen for plant hills of 2 tillers, while 9.21% and 11.89% were observed for tillers of 4 and 6, respectively. It was seen that plots with the highest spacing of 30 × 40 cm and tillers of 2 per hill were observed to perform better than those of the other plots within the experimental pots. Such plots had a maximum plant tiller of 37 when counted, with the height of the plants reaching 44 cm after 70 days of planting. In conclusion, farmers within the study area of the Kanko community in Niger State. Nigeria appears not to have any known knowledge of the soil they are cultivating and the water they use as a source of irrigation within the farming areas. It was further concluded that the rice crops would be produced maximally with minimal water application to the rice field.

关键词： Farro 44 Water Rice Irrigation Days

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Quantum corrections for Boltzmann equation

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第9期51卷 1229-1239页

作者： m. Levy peter Department of Physics New York University

We present the lowest order quantum correction to the semiclassical Boltzmann distribution function,and the equation satisfied by this correction is given. Our equation for the quantum correction is obtained from the conventional quantum Boltzmann equation by explicitly expressing the Planck constant in the gradient approximation,and the quantum Wigner distribution function is expanded in pow-ers of Planck constant,too. The negative quantum correlation in the Wigner dis-tribution function which is just the quantum correction terms is naturally singled out,thus obviating the need for the Husimi’s coarse grain averaging that is usually done to remove the negative quantum part of the Wigner distribution function. We also discuss the classical limit of quantum thermodynamic entropy in the above framework.

关键词： quantum Boltzmann equation Wigner distribution function quantum correction

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