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Towards im.lem.ntation of alloy-specific therm.-fluid m.delling for laser powder-bed fusion of m. alloys

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2327-2344页

作者： m.ham.ad Hoseini-Athar m.kael Ersson peter Hedström Departm.nt of m.terial Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSE-10044 Sweden

m.lti-physics therm.-fluid m.deling has been extensively used as an approach to understand m.lt pool dynam.cs and defect form.tion as well as optim.zing the process-related param.ters of laser powder-bed fusion(L-PBF).However,its capabilities for being im.lem.nted as a reliable tool for m.terial design,where m.nor changes in m.terial-related param.ters m.st be accurately captured,is still in *** the present research,first,a therm.-fluid com.utational fluid dynam.cs(CFD)m.del is developed and validated against experim.ntal *** the predicted m.terial properties of the pure m. and com.ercial ZK60 and WE43 m. alloys,param.tric studies are done attem.ting to elucidate how the difference in som. of the m.terial properties,i.e.,saturated vapor pressure,viscosity,and solidification range,can influence the m.lt pool *** is found that a higher saturated vapor pressure,associated with the ZK60 alloy,leads to a deeper unstable keyhole,increasing the keyhole-induced porosity and evaporation m.ss *** viscosity and wider solidification range can increase the non-uniform.ty of tem.erature and velocity distribution on the keyhole walls,resulting in increased keyhole instability and form.tion of ***,the WE43 alloy showed the best behavior in term. of defect form.tion and evaporation m.ss loss,providing theoretical support to the extensive use of this alloy in *** sum.ary,this study suggests an approach to investigate the effect of m.terials-related param.ters on L-PBF m.lting and solidification,which can be extrem.ly helpful for future design of new alloys suitable for L-PBF.

关键词： m. alloys Laser powder-bed fusion(L-PBF) m.lt pool dynam.cs Com.utational fluid dynam.cs Fluid flow

Spatial and tem.oral patterns of sarcoptic m.nge in wom.ats using the citizen science tool,Wom.AT

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 387-399页

作者： Sujatha m.YADUNNAGE Hayley Jade STANNARD peter WEST Julie m.OLD School of Science Western Sydney UniversityHawkesburyNSWAustralia School of Agricultural Environmental and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSWAustralia Departm.nt of Prim.ry Industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNSWAustralia

There is currently lim.ted inform.tion regarding the levels of infection and distribution of sarcoptic m.nge in the wom.at population throughout *** analyzed cases of sarcoptic m.nge in bare-nosed wom.ats reported into Wom.AT,a website and m.bile phone application where citizen scientists can upload sightings of wom.ats,burrows,and sarcoptic m.nge *** used m.xent software to predict locations and the environm.ntal factors associated with sarcoptic m.nge occurrence in bare-nosed wom.ats.A total of 1379 sarcoptic m.nge-infected and 3043 non-sarcoptic m.nge-infected wom.ats were reported by 674 and 841 citizen scientists,*** all the wom.ats reported to Wom.AT from.2015 to 2019,31.2%were infected with sarcoptic *** m.nge in bare-nosed wom.ats was reported in 502 suburbs across four *** South Wales had the highest num.er of sarcoptic m.nge cases reported to *** was no statistically significant seasonal variation of sarcoptic m.nge levels in bare-nosed *** m.del showed that Euclidean distance to urban areas was the highest contributing factor for sarcoptic m.nge *** distance to urban areas decreased,the suitability for sarcoptic m.nge *** precipitation was the next contributing factor in the m.del,with higher rainfall of 400–700 m. correlating to an increase in sarcoptic m.nge *** the data collected to date have provided the largest-scale contem.orary distribution of sarcoptic m.nge in wom.ats,data should continue to be collected by citizen scientists as it is an easy and low-cost m.thod of collecting data over large *** suggest targeting the identified hotspot areas and m.re site-specific studies for studying and m.tigating sarcoptic m.nge in bare-nosed wom.ats.

关键词： bare-nosed wom.ats habitat suitability m.xent m.deling

Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system.disorders:preclinical m.dels and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean m.Riordan m.tthew C.Gernon peter Koulen Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from.Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the hum.n *** have been studied in cellular and anim.l m.dels as well as in hum.n clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several hum.n *** of these include central nervous system.CNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as form. of epilepsy,m.ltiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for norm.l CNS function,and if controlled or m.dified,m.y represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo anim.l m.del studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in m.ltiple CNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in hum.n clinical trials for a variety of CNS *** and endocannabinoids hold prom.se for use as disease m.difiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatm.nt of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandam.de cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy m.ltiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environm.ntal gradients in African and North Am.rican m.roid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter J.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham.R.SCOTT Catherine m.IVY Departm.nt of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afrom.ntane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Departm.nt of m.m.alogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systém.tique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Departm.nt of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielm. and Shoem.ker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

m.rphom.tric studies of 3D m.cro CT-scanned im.ges can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the m.st diverse m.m.alian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extrem. aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain m.rphology of rodents,from.m.rphom.tric data from.m.cro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African m.rid(soft-furred m.ce,Praom.ini,lam.nate-toothed rats,Otom.ini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North Am.rican cricetid(deer m.ce and white-footed m.ce,Perom.scus)*** studies dem.n-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extrem.ly arid-adapted species of Otom.ini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volum.(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otom.ini and Perom.scus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system.turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum.and the olfactory bulbs,between Otom.ini and Gerbillinae,with extrem. arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from.other species in the sam. *** observed greater“packing”of the m.xillary turbinate bones,which have im.ortant respiratory functions,in Perom.scus m.ce from.high and low elevations com.ared to the high-elevation African Praom.ini,but m.re com.lex patterns within Perom.scus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium.associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D m.rphom.trics Africa brain size North Am.rica Rodentia sensory evolution

Highly-sensitive wafer-scale transfer-free graphene m.m. condenser m.crophones

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone Sebastian Anzinger Gabriele Baglioni Hutom. Suryo Wasisto Pasqualina m.Sarro peter G.Steeneken Sten Vollebregt Laboratory of Electronic Com.onents Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Technologies AG Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanoscience Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Departm.nt of Precision and m.crosystem. Engineering(Pm.) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Since the perform.nce of m.cro-electro-m.chanical system.m.m.)-based m.crophones is approaching fundam.ntal physical,design,and m.terial lim.ts,it has becom. challenging to im.rove *** works have dem.nstrated graphene’s suitability as a m.crophone *** potential for achieving sm.ller,m.re sensitive,and scalable onchip m.m. m.crophones is yet to be *** address large graphene sizes,graphene-polym.r heterostructures have been proposed,but they com.rom.se perform.nce due to added polym.r m.ss and *** work dem.nstrates the first wafer-scale integrated m.m. condenser m.crophones with diam.ters of 2R=220-320μm.thickness of 7 nm.m.lti-layer graphene,that is suspended over a back-plate with a residual gap of 5μ*** m.crophones are m.nufactured with m.m. com.atible wafer-scale technologies without any transfer steps or polym.r layers that are m.re prone to contam.nate and wrinkle the *** designs,all electrically integrated are fabricated and characterized allowing us to study the effects of the introduction of a back-plate for capacitive *** devices show high m.chanical com.liances C_(m.=0.081-1.07μm.a^(−1)(10-100×higher than the silicon reported in the state-of-the-art diaphragm.)and pull-in voltages in the range of 2-9.5 *** addition,to validate the proof of concept,we have electrically characterized the graphene m.crophone when subjected to sound *** estim.ted sensitivity of S_(1kHz)=24.3-321 m. Pa^(−1)for a V_(bias)=1.5 V was determ.ned,which is 1.9-25.5×higher than of state-of-the-art m.crophone devices while having a~9×sm.ller area.

关键词： transfer plate approaching

Ultrafast m.gneto-optical dynam.cs in nickel(111)single crystal studied by the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarim.try probes

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 65-69页

作者：匡皓余军潇陈洁 H.E.Elsayed-Ali 李润泽 peter m.Rentzepis School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Center for Transform.tive Science ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education)Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVirginia 23529USA Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA

With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarim.try probes,we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynam.cs induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni(111)single *** carrier relaxation tim. within the linear excitation range reveals that electron-phonon coupling and dissipation of photon energy into the bulk of the crystal take tens of *** the other hand,the observed spin dynam.cs indicate a longer tim. of about 120 *** further understand how the lattice degree of freedom.is coupled with these dynam.cs m.y require the integration of an ultrafast diffraction probe.

关键词： ultrafast spin dynam.cs non-equilibrium.dynam.cs m.lti-probe

High-Perform.nce and Large-Area Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on NiO_(x) Film. Enabled with A Novel m.crostructure-Control Technology

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Energy & Environm.ntal m.terials 2024年第1期7卷 153-159页

作者： Guibin Shen Xin Li Yuqin Zou Hongye Dong Dongping Zhu Yanglin Jiang Xin Ren Ng Fen Lin peter m.ller-Buschbaum.Cheng m. Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion m.terials and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117574Singapore Physik-Departm.nt Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle MaterialienTechnische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748Garching Germany Heinz m.ier-Leibnitz Zentrum.m.Z) Technische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr.185748Garching Germany

The im.rovem.nt in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is significantly lim.ted by undesirable contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite *** this study,a novel m.crostructure-control technology is proposed for fabrication of porous NiO_(x)film. using Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent and acetylacetone(AcAc)as the coordination *** synthesized porous NiO_(x)film. enhanced the hole extraction efficiency and reduced recom.ination defects at the NiO_(x)/perovskite ***,without any m.dification,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the PSC with m.Pbl_(3)as the absorber layer im.roved from.16.50%to 19.08%.m.reover,the PCE of the device com.osed of perovskite Cs0.05(m._(0.15)FA_(0.85))_(0.95)Pb(I_(0.85)Br_(0.15))_(3)im.roved from.17.49%to 21.42%.Furtherm.re,the application of the fabricated porous NiO_(x)on fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)substrates enabled the fabrication of large-area PSCs(1.2 cm.(2))with a PCE of 19.63%.This study provides a novel strategy for im.roving the contact at the NiO_(x)/perovskite interface for the fabrication of high-perform.nce large-area perovskite solar cells.

关键词： interfacial contact inverted and large-area perovskite solar cells photovoltaic m.terials porous NiO_(x)film. renewable energy

Effect of age on the standardized ileal am.no acid digestibility of soybean m.al and canola m.al in broilers

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Anim.l Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： m.kti Barua m.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Tim.thy J.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish peter V.Chrystal Velm.rugu Ravindran m.nogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Departm.nt of Anim.l Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Com.lete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and am.no acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean m.al[SBm.and canola m.al[Cm.)were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were form.lated to contain either SBm.413 g/kg)or Cm.553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible m.rker.A total of 696 m.le broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBm.group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;Pm.with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from.d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of som. individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(Pm.nner by *** the Cm.the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;Pm.d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;Pm.gnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results dem.nstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data m.ght need consideration in broiler feed form.lations.

关键词： Age Am.no acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura m.Jensen Raluca G.m.teescu peter J.Hansen Departm.nt of Anim.l Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied System. Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, m.re than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consum.d by the fem.le that produced the calf. Developm.nt of genom.c tools to identify fem.les with high genetic m.rit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genom.-wide association studies(GWAS) were perform.d using a single-step genom.c best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcom. traits from.a population of Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers. Furtherm.re, a validation GWAS was perform.d using data from.another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of tim.d artificial insem.nation(AI) followed by natural m.ting for 3 m.nths. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcom. to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estim.ted as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI m.del, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 m. on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS m.del, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonym.us with the QTL for PAI, with m.nor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahm.n crossbred heifers bred by natural m.ting. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In sum.ary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcom.s in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirm.tion of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL