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The Structure of Low Frequency Phenomena in the Tropics and Its Interaction with the Extratropics

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第1期9卷 1-16页

作者： peter j.webster 董敏 Department of Meteorology The Pennsylvania Stale University PA 16802 USA Academy of Meteorological Science State Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 PRChe structure of planetary scale low freonency phenomena in the tropics is studied and an attempt is made to determine its influence and interactions with phenomena at higher latitudes.In the tropics it is found that the majority of the variance in the zonal wind structure is made up in wave numbers I and 2. During warm events in the Pacific Ocean when the Southern Oscillation Index is negative almost all of the variance resides in the gravest mode which undergoes a 40° eastward phase shift. Meanwhile the second logitudinal mode almost disappears. On the other hand the meridional wind field possesses maximum amplitude at higher wave numbers. However near the equatorthe amplitude is small with extreme values occurring in the subtropics. The difference in scale and the location of cxtrcma of the meridional and zonal wind components indicate that the tropical atmosphere is responding to two different driving mechanisms.Correlation analyses between variations of the zonal wind at reference points along the equator with variations of component elsewhere show that there are strong logitudinal connections. The strongest correlations between the tropics and higher latitudes exist in the region of the equatorial westerlies. In fact stronger correlations occur between variations in U anywhere along the equator and the middle latitudes to the north and south of the equatorial westerlies than to the latitudes immediately to the north and south of the reference points. We interpret this "remote" correlation pattern as indicating a two-stage teleconnection process which emphasizes the importance of the equatorial tropical westerlies of the Pacific Ocean as a "corridor" of communication between the low and high latitudes. The regionality of the correlations confirms to some extent recent theoretical development regarding trapped equatorial modes. Finally

The structure of planetary scale low freonency phenomena in the tropics is studied, and an attempt is made to determine its influence and interactions with phenomena at higher *** the tropics, it is found that the majority of the variance in the zonal wind structure is made up in wave numbers I and 2. During warm events in the Pacific Ocean, when the Southern Oscillation Index is negative, almost all of the variance resides in the gravest mode which undergoes a 40° eastward phase shift. Meanwhile, the second logitudinal mode almost disappears. On the other hand, the meridional wind field possesses maximum amplitude at higher wave numbers. However, near the equator,the amplitude is small with extreme values occurring in the subtropics. The difference in scale and the location of cxtrcma of the meridional and zonal wind components indicate that the tropical atmosphere is responding to two different driving *** analyses between variations of the zonal wind at reference points along the equator with variations of component elsewhere show that there are strong logitudinal connections. The strongest correlations between the tropics and higher latitudes exist in the region of the equatorial westerlies. In fact, stronger correlations occur between variations in U anywhere along the equator and the middle latitudes to the north and south of the equatorial westerlies than to the latitudes immediately to the north and south of the reference points. We interpret this 'remote' correlation pattern as indicating a two-stage teleconnection process which emphasizes the importance of the equatorial tropical westerlies of the Pacific Ocean as a 'corridor' of communication between the low and high latitudes. The regionality of the correlations confirms, to some extent, recent theoretical development regarding trapped equatorial modes. Finally, time lagged correlations from plus and minus six months between variations of U and OLR indicate that the interactio

关键词： In The Structure of Low Frequency Phenomena in the Tropics and Its Interaction with the Extratropics

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Longitudinal Heating Gradient:Another Possible Factor Influencing the Intensity of the Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第4期9卷 397-410页

作者： Song Yang peter j.webster Min Dong Atmospheric and Environmental Research.Inc.840 Memorial Drive CambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPennsylvania 16802 USA Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science Statc Mcleorological Administration.Beijing 100081

The largest longitudinal heating gradients in the tropics exist between the African desert and Asian convective regions during summer once the South Asian monsoon is *** heating gradients are anchored by the latent heat release and net radiative flux convergence over the monsoon region,and by the dominant net radiative flux divergence over the *** apparent relationship is found between the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation and the longitudinal heating gradients mentioned,in addition to the latitudinal heating gradients cross the monsoon *** monsoon circulation measured in terms of the zonal wind component is stronger when the longitudinal heating gradients are large,and vice ***,we claim that the longitudinal heating gradient may be another important factor which influences the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon *** is little evidence that the interannual variability of the longitudinal heating gradients between Africa and Asia and,thus,the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon circulation,is a strong function of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation cycle.

关键词：纬向加热梯度亚洲夏季季风环流

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探索气候变化的沸腾区

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气象科技 1990年第5期18卷 5-9页

作者： peter j.webster 李林美国宾州州立大学气象系

一、预报气候系统的变化分析表明,地球大气的年变化有偏离其正常变化的现象.在最近十年里,气候系统中出现了大量的异常现象.1982-1983年间,洪水席卷了南美洲西海岸;与此同时,澳大利亚和印度尼西亚遭受了有记录以来最长和最严重的干旱,... 详细信息

一、预报气候系统的变化分析表明,地球大气的年变化有偏离其正常变化的现象.在最近十年里,气候系统中出现了大量的异常现象.1982-1983年间,洪水席卷了南美洲西海岸;与此同时,澳大利亚和印度尼西亚遭受了有记录以来最长和最严重的干旱,由于干旱,这两个国家出现了森林火灾;在南亚,1987年的夏季季风很弱,很可能是近百年来最弱的一年;1988年又轮到美国遭受干旱之苦.值得注意的是。

关键词：气候变化气候系统气候异常夏季季风地球大气温度距平森林火灾全球大气海面温度天气事件

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CFAN对恒河、雅鲁藏布江水流量的1-10天提前预报

CFAN对恒河、雅鲁藏布江水流量的1-10天提前预报

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第27届中国气象学会年会灾害天气研究与预报分会场

作者：简俊 peter j.webster 大连海事大学航海学院 Earth & Atmos.Sci. Georgia Inst.of Technology

伴随亚洲夏季风的强对流降雨是造成季风区内河流洪水的主要原因。孟加拉国地处世界两大河流（恒河、雅鲁藏布江）的交汇处,年入海水量巨大,上游经常会爆发降雨性洪峰,下游大部分地区为河流入海三角洲地带,地势低洼。频繁的洪水每年都给...

伴随亚洲夏季风的强对流降雨是造成季风区内河流洪水的主要原因。孟加拉国地处世界两大河流（恒河、雅鲁藏布江）的交汇处,年入海水量巨大,上游经常会爆发降雨性洪峰,下游大部分地区为河流入海三角洲地带,地势低洼。频繁的洪水每年都给孟加拉国造成几百至数千的生命损失及不计数的财产损失。

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南中国海热带风暴活动中期概率预报

南中国海热带风暴活动中期概率预报

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作者：简俊 peter j.webster 朱大海李颖大连海事大学美国佐治亚理工学院中国远洋运输(集团)总公司

随着短期海洋气象预报技术的逐渐成熟和极端天气造成的灾害性后果不断增大,对天气系统的中期(55天)尺度的预报技术的探索逐渐成为欧美大气科学界的前沿研究课题。对亚洲季风地区天气活动的统计分析结果表明,其中的强对流降雨事件有很强... 详细信息

随着短期海洋气象预报技术的逐渐成熟和极端天气造成的灾害性后果不断增大,对天气系统的中期(55天)尺度的预报技术的探索逐渐成为欧美大气科学界的前沿研究课题。对亚洲季风地区天气活动的统计分析结果表明,其中的强对流降雨事件有很强的季节内振荡特征。应用欧洲中期天气预报中心的数值预报产品,开发针对南亚季风河流流量的实时概率预报模式。该模式在过去6年里多次成功地提前70天预警了发生在恒河和雅鲁藏布江下游的超警戒水位事件,取得很大社会效益。在此基础上开发了针对亚洲热带气旋活动的预报模式,虽然热带气旋的水平范围较季风降雨事件小,但对于多个超级台风的预报结果分析表明此程序能够提前50天预测出气旋中心的大致移动路径以及最低气压值和最大风速,其中对移动路径的预报较好。

关键词：数值模拟灾害性天气预报危险处理实时概率预报欧洲中期预报中心

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The Stanley Neuropathology Consortium Integrative Database (SNCID) for Psychiatric Disorders

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 277-282页

作者： Sanghyeon Kim Maree j.webster Stanley Brain Research Laboratory Stanley Medical Research Institute

The Stanley Medical Research Institute(SMRI)is a nonprofit organization with a primary mission to fund research on the cause and treatment of severe mental *** SMRI also supports a brain bank as part of the mission to facilitate research into mental *** SMRI brain bank distributes postmortem samples from individuals with serious mental illness,free of charge,to scientists around the *** SMRI brain bank is recognized for the unique way it is set up,organized,and *** of demographically-matched groups of patients with schizophrenia,bipolar disorder(BP),or major depression(DEP)and unaffected controls are organized such that all researchers applying for tissue received samples from the same cohort.

关键词： SNCID for Psychiatric Disorders DRD RNA

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Surface energy-mediated fibronectin adsorption and osteoblast responses on nanostructured diamond

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第5期35卷 817-823页

作者： Yixing Tian Huiling Liu Brian W.Sheldon Thomas j.webster Sichen Yang Huilin Yang Lei Yang Orthopaedic Institute and Department of Orthopaedics The First Affiliated Hospital Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China School of Engineering Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA. 02115 USA International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics (IRCTO) Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215006 China UWC Changshu China Changshu Jiangsu 215500 China

Nanostructured diamond have potential applications in many biomedical related fields and demonstrated extraordinary capacity to influence cellular responses. Studying the surface property of nanodiamond and its influence to protein adsorption and subsequent cellular responses along with the mechanism behind such capacity becomes more important. Here the role of surface energy associated with nanostructured diamond in modulating fibronectin and osteoblast(OB, bone forming cells) responses was investigated. Nanocrystalline diamond(NCD) and submicron crystalline diamond(SMCD) films with controllable surface energy were prepared by microwave-enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD) techniques. Fibronectin adsorption on the diamond films with varied surface energy values was measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the relationship between the surface energy and fibronectin adsorption was studied. The result indicated that fibronectin adsorption on nanostructured surfaces was closely related to both surface energy and material microstructures. The spreading and migration of OB aggregates(each containing 30–50 cells) on the NCD with varied surface energy values were also studied. The result indicates a correlation between the cell spreading and migration on nanodiamond and the surface energy of nanostructured surface.

关键词： Nanostructure Diamond films Surface characteristics Protein adsorption Cell responses

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Texture Beyond the Clause

Annual Review of Functional Linguistics

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Annual Review of Functional Linguistics 2010年第0期 94-113+232-233页

作者： jonathan j.webster Department of Chinese Translation and LinguisticsCity University of Hong Kong

One of the requirements every language has to meet is that of *** is evident in the relations which exist between functionally-significant text spans,which range in size from the text as a whole down to each individual constituent *** Structure Theory(RST) proposes a finite set of relations as the basis for forming successively larger spans,thereby creating a coherent *** this paper,the author illustrates the application of Rhetorical Structure Theory to the analysis of texture beyond the *** some relations are signaled lexico-grammatically,other relations have to be inferred by the *** resulting analysis is a theory of the text which takes into account the functional and hierarchical structuring of texts beyond the clause.

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CAR-T cells: Early successes in blood cancer and challenges in solid tumors

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第5期11卷 1129-1147页

作者： Hassan Dana Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani Seyed Amir jalali Hamid Reza Mirzaei Stephan A.Grupp Eloah Rabello Suarez Catarina Raposo Thomas j.webster Cancer Research Center Cancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran 13145-158Iran Department of Medical Immunology School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iron Department of Immunology School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Division of Oncology Department of Pediatricsthe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Center for Natural and Human Sciences Federal University of ABCSanto AndreSP 09210-580Brazil Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences State University of Campinas(UNICAMP)CampinasSP 13083-87JBrazil Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

New approaches to cancer immunotherapy have been developed, showing the ability to harness the immune system to treat and eliminate cancer. For many solid tumors, therapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown promise. For hematologic malignancies, adoptive and engineered cell therapies are being widely developed, using cells such as T lymphocytes, as well as natural killer(NK) cells, dendritic cells, and potentially others. Among these adoptive cell therapies, the most active and advanced therapy involves chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells, which are T cells in which a chimeric antigen receptor is used to redirect specificity and allow T cell recognition, activation and killing of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma. Two autologous CAR-T products have been approved by several health authorities,starting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in 2017. These products have shown powerful, inducing, long-lasting effects against B cell cancers in many cases. In distinction to the results seen in hematologic malignancies, the field of using CAR-T products against solid tumors is in its infancy. Targeting solid tumors and trafficking CAR-T cells into an immunosuppressive microenvironment are both significant challenges. The goal of this review is to summarize some of the most recent aspects of CAR-T cell design and manufacturing that have led to successes in hematological malignancies, allowing the reader to appreciate the barriers that must be overcome to extend CAR-T therapies to solid tumors successfully.

关键词： Immunotherapy T cell therapy Chimeric antigen receptor(CAR) Genetic engineering

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A novel near-infrared light responsive 4D printed nanoarchitecture with dynamically and remotely controllable transformation

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Nano Research 2019年第6期12卷 1381-1388页

作者： Haitao Cui Shida Miao Timothy Esworthy Se-jun Lee Xuan Zhou Sung Yun Hann Thomas j.webster Brent T.Harris Lijie Grace Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Neurology and Pathology Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20007USA Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Medicine The George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging and highly innovative additive manufacturing process by which to fabricate pre-designed,self-assembly structures with the ability to transform over ***,one of the critical challenges of 4D printing is the lack of advanced 4D printing systems that not only meet all the essential requirements of shape change but also possess smart,dynamic capabilities to spatiotemporally and instantly control the shape-transformation ***,we present a facile 4D printing platform which incorporates nanomaterials into the conventional stimuli-responsive polymer,allowing the 4D printed object to achieve a dynamic and remote controlled,on-time and position shape transformation.A proof-of-concept 4D printed brain model was created using near-infrared light (NIR) responsive nanocomposite to evaluate the capacity for controllable 4D transformation,and the feasibility of photothermal stimulation for modulating neural stem cell *** novel 4D printing strategy can not only be used to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can spatiotemporally control their shapes or behaviors of transformation under a human benign stimulus (NIR),but can also provide a potential method for building complex self-morphing objects for widespread applications.

关键词： near-infrared light responsive four-dimensional (4D) printing dynamically and remotely controllable graphene brain neural stem cell

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