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诊断性乳腺X线摄影:确定可接受的最低阅片标准

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国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第4期 366-366页

作者： P.A. Carney j. Parikh E.A. Sickles S.A. Feig B. Monsees L.W. Bassett R.A. Smith 范璐 Departments of Family Medicine and Public Health and Preventive Medicine Oregon Health and Science University3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd Portland

目的确定诊断性乳腺X线摄影可接受的最低阅片标准。材料与方法本研究经机构审查委员会批准并符合HIPAA标准,对乳腺筛查异常和乳腺肿块的病人,使用An-goff方法确定可接受的最低阅片标准。应用乳腺癌监督协会(BCSC)的标准数据帮助专业的... 详细信息

目的确定诊断性乳腺X线摄影可接受的最低阅片标准。材料与方法本研究经机构审查委员会批准并符合HIPAA标准,对乳腺筛查异常和乳腺肿块的病人,使用An-goff方法确定可接受的最低阅片标准。应用乳腺癌监督协会(BCSC)的标准数据帮助专业的放射科医生确定临界点的影响。同样应用BCSC的数据,通过推荐的性能阈值来评估对临床预期的影响。结果乳腺筛查异常的最终临界点如下:敏感度95%;阅片异常率25%;推荐活检的阳性预测值(PPV2)40%;执行活检的PPV(PPV3)45%;癌症诊断率低于20‰。乳腺肿块的最终临界点如下:敏感度95%;阅片异常率25%;PPV250%;PPV355%;癌症诊断率<40‰。矫正训练之后,如果医师将阈值修改到可接受的范围,则预期的结果将会是(a)筛查后,每10万名妇女中新增86例癌性病人,同时每10万名妇女假阳性病人减少1067例;(b)确诊乳腺肿块之后,每10万名妇女中新增335例癌性病人,同时每10万名妇女中假阳性病人减少634例。结论如果阅片医师设定的阈值超出可接受范围,应该对他们所有诊断测量和特殊操作装置的评估过程进行回顾,以确定是否需要矫正训练。

关键词：诊断性阈值医师门槛值乳房乳腺阳性病人美术摄影

Notes,outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第6期99卷 105-367页

作者： Mao-Qiang He Rui-Lin Zhao Kevin D.Hyde Dominik Begerow Martin Kemler Andrey Yurkov Eric H.C.McKenzie Olivier Raspe Makoto Kakishima Santiago Sanchez-Ramırez Else C.Vellinga Roy Halling Viktor Papp Ivan V.Zmitrovich Bart Buyck Damien Ertz Nalin N.Wijayawardene Bao-Kai Cui Nathan Schoutteten Xin-Zhan Liu Tai-Hui Li Yi-jian Yao Xin-Yu Zhu An-Qi Liu Guo-jie Li Ming-Zhe Zhang Zhi-Lin Ling Bin Cao Vladimir Antonin Teun Boekhout Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva Eske De Crop Cony Decock Balint Dima Arun Kumar Dutta jack W.Fell jozsef Geml Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Admir j.Giachini Tatiana B.Gibertoni Sergio P.Gorjon Danny Haelewaters Shuang-Hui He Brendan P.Hodkinson Egon Horak Tamotsu Hoshino Alfredo justo Young Woon Lim Nelson Menolli jr Armin Mesic jean-Marc Moncalvo Gregory M.Mueller La szlo G.Nagy RHenrik Nilsson Machiel Noordeloos jorinde Nuytinck Takamichi Orihara Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan Mario Rajchenberg Alexandre G.S.Silva-Filho Marcelo Aloisio Sulzbacher Zdenko Tkalcec Ricardo Valenzuela Annemieke Verbeken Alfredo Vizzini Felipe Wartchow Tie-Zheng Wei Michael WeiB Chang-Lin Zhao Paul M.Kirk State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408People’s Republic of China Ruhr-Universitat Bochum AG GeobotanikND03UniversitatsstraBe 15044801 BochumGermany Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures InhoffenstraBe 7B38124 BrunswickGermany Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium Service General de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche scientifique Federation Wallonie-BruxellesLavallee 11080 BrusselsBelgium University of Tsukuba TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto25 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Berkeley USA Institute of Systematic Botany The New York Botanical GardenBronxNY 10458-5126USA Department of Botany Szent Istvan University1518 BudapestHungary Komarov Botanical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesProfessor Popov st.2Saint PetersburgRussia 197376 Institut pour Systematique Ecologie Biodiversite(ISYEB UMR 7205) Sorbonne universiteMuseum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 39CNRSDepartement Origines et Evolution12 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Research Group MycologyGhent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 359000 GhentBelgium State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou 510070People’s Republic of China Department of Botany Moravian Mu

The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the *** present work provides an overview of all validly published,currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single *** outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided,which includes 1928 currently used genera names,with 1263 synonyms,which are distributed in 241 families,68 orders,18 classes and four *** provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification,number of accepted species,type species,life mode,habitat,distribution,and sequence ***,three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU,SSU,5.8s,rpb1,rpb2,and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted,*** time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders,168 families and 605 *** study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406-430 Mya,classes are 211-383 Mya,and orders are 99-323 Mya,which are largely consistent with previous *** this study,all phylogenetically supported families were dated,with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27-178 Mya,Pucciniomycotina from 85-222 Mya,and Ustilaginomycotina from 79-177 *** times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system,and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.

关键词： Classification Molecular clock Fungi Systematics Taxonomy

Genomes reveal selective sweeps in kiang and donkey for high-altitude adaptation

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Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 450-460页

作者： Lin Zeng He-Qun Liu Xiao-Long Tu Chang-Mian ji Xiao Gou Ali Esmailizadeh Sheng Wang Ming-Shan Wang Ming-Cheng Wang Xiao-Long Li Hadi Charati Adeniyi CAdeola Rahamon Akinyele Moshood Adedokun Olatunbosun Oladipo Sunday Charles Olaogun Oscar jSanke Mangbon Godwin F Sheila Cecily Ommeh Bernard Agwanda jacqueline Kasiiti Lichoti jian-Lin Han Hong-Kun Zheng Chang-Fa Wang Ya-Ping Zhang Laurent A.F.Frantz Dong-Dong Wu State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouHainan 571101China College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingYunnan 650201China Department of Animal Science Faculty of AgricultureShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanPB 76169-133Iran Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650204China Sino-Africa joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Institute of Three-River-Source National park Chinese Academy of SciencesXiningQinghai 810008China School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkNY 10461USA Annoroad Gene Tech.(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 100176China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic AnimalsGermplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Department of Veterinary Medicine University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology Moor-PlantationIbadan 234102Nigeria Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Jalingo 660221Nigeria Division of Veterinary Office Serti 663101Nigeria Institute For Biotechnology Research jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi 62000-00200Kenya Department of Zoology National Museums of KenyaNairobi 40658-00100Kenya State Department of Livestock Ministry of AgricultureLivestockFisheries and IrrigationN

Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan ***,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this *** reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan ***,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has *** assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in *** Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high *** addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan *** findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.

关键词： Kiang Donkey High altitude Adaptation Selection

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血管性因素对认知损害和痴呆的促成作用美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第2期20卷 85-124页

作者：无无无无无曹雯炜（译）糜建华（译）宋叶平（译）余寿芬（译）王飞（译）李焰生（译）美国心脏协会卒中委员会流行病学与预防委员会心血管护理委员会心血管放射学和介入委员会心血管外科和麻醉学委员会上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经科上海200127

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理... 详细信息

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理学、基础科学和病理生理学研究、神经影像学的作用、血管性和其他相关危险因素的作用以及潜在的防治方法进行了回顾，旨在为临床医生提供一份总体指导，以进一步加深对VCI和痴呆及其防治的理解。方法写作组成员由写作组联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果提名，并经美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会、流行病学和预防委员会以及文稿监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（主要涵盖1990年至2010年5月期间的文献）、以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点总结现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并对适当的问题根据AHA标准制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并认可了最终版本。经AHA的同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层、流行病学和预防委员会以及科学声明监督委员会审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会批准。结果VCI概念的提出涵盖了与所有类型脑血管性脑损害（而不仅仅是卒中）相关的整个认知障碍（cognitivedisorder）谱，其范围从轻度认知损害到完全痴呆。神经血管单元和脑血流调节机制障碍可能是VCI的潜在病理生理学过程的重要组成部分。脑淀粉样血管病已成为阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimerdisease，AD）、微梗死、微出血、脑出血以及VCI风险的一个重要标志。老年认知损害的神经病理学改变常常是AD与微血管性脑损害的混合状态，二者可叠加和协同增高认知损害风险。就此而言，MRI和其他神经影像学技术在VCI的确定和识别中起着重要作用，并提供证据说明以白质高信号和小的深部梗死为特征的皮质下型VCI很常见。在许多情况下，VCI的风险标志同样也是卒中的传统危险因素。这些危险因素包括但不仅限于心房颤动、高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。而且，这些血管危险因素也可能是AD的风险标志。颈动脉内膜一中膜厚度和动脉僵硬度是动脉老化的标记物，也可能成为VCI的风险标志。目前，美国食品药物管理局尚未批准任何VCI的特异性治疗方法。不过，对卒中和心血管病传统危险因素的评价和控制，可能对包括老年人群在内的VCI的预防具有作用。结论血管性因素在认知损害和痴呆中的促成作用很重要。近年来，在临床前、神经病理学、神经影像学、生理学和流行病学研究基础上，对VCI的认识得到了不断提高。推荐使用跨学科的、转化的以及交互的方法进一步加深对此领域的了解，并更好地掌握其神经心理学特征。需要开展前瞻性定量临床一病理学一神经影像学研究，以提高对神经影像学改变的病理学基础，以及血管病变和AD病变在VCI和AD临床演变中的复杂的丰互作用的认识。可能需要在中年期尽早肝始对血管危险标志进行长期干预，以预防或延迟VCI或AD发病的研究。住高危人群I}1强化控制血管危险因素则是另一个重要的研究方向。

关键词： AHA科学声明血管性痴呆阿尔茨海默病危险因素预防治疗

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美国俄亥俄州中部大德尔比支流上游的水文、水质和恢复潜力研究(摘要)(英文)

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四川林业科技 2007年第1期28卷 55-55页

作者：张立威廉.杰.米奇丹尼尔.弗.芬克 Olentangy River Wetland Research park School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science Graduate Program352 W.Dodridge StreetThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43202

The restoration of riparian buffers as well as the creation and restoration of wetlands along streams are practices that can be used to control point and non-point source *** study provides hydrology and water quality data from 2000～2002 in anticipation of recommending restoration of the headwaters of the Big Darby Creek Watershed in central *** tributary of concern in the headwaters,Flat Branch,contributed 11% of the total river flow during April 2002 flooding and 56 and 88% of the flow in the headwater study area during non-growing(winter and early spring) and growing(summer and early fall)seasons,*** were significant differences in water chemistry,both temporally and spatially,at each sampling station within the upper *** Branch was seasonally or continuously higher in temperature,pH,and turbidity,and lower in dissolved ions and oxygen than Darby *** dissolved oxygen at dawn during the summer months caused by diurnal metabolism in the water column is also a concern in Darby *** propose the creation/restoration of riparian wetlands at the confluence of the Big Darby and Flat Branch as one solution to degrading water quality in the upper Big Darby *** pulses,particularly from the Flat Branch,Could be directed to riparian wetlands,which would minimize downstream erosion and capture the water exactly when several pollutants(sediments,nitrates,and so forth) are in higher *** restoration area could have flood control,habitat,and ecotourism values as well.

关键词：美国俄亥俄州中部上游水文水质 water quality dissolved oxygen water chemistry flood control water column quality data