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Cash transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic:a multicentre,randomised controlled trial

Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第4期9卷 50-56,I0016-I0021页

作者： Navindra Persaud Kevin E Thorpe Michael Bedard Stephen W Hwang Andrew Pinto peter jüni Bruno R da Costa 无 Department of Family and Community Medicine University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt.Michael’s HospitalUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Family and Community Medicine St Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada Institute of Health Policy Managementand EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Applied Health Research Centre Unity Health TorontoSt Michael's HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Family Medicine Northern Ontario School of MedicineThunder BayOntarioCanada Department of Medicine St Michael's HospitalUnity Health TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Institute of Primary Health Care(BIHAM) University of BernTorontoSwitzerland DISTANSE COVID-19(Direct Income SupporT and Advice Negating Spread of Epidemic COVID-19:a randomized controlled trial)study team

Objective To evaluate the effect of a one-time cash transfer of$C1000 in people who are unable to physically distance due to insufficient income.Design Open-label,multi-centre,randomised superiority trial.Setting Seven primary care sites in Ontario,Canada;six urban sites associated with St.Michael’s Hospital in Toronto and one in Manitoulin Island.Participants 392 individuals who reported trouble affording basic necessities due to disruptions related to COVID-19.Intervention After random allocation,participants either received the cash transfer of$C1000(n=196)or physical distancing guidelines alone(n=196).Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the maximum number of symptoms consistent with COVID-19 over 14 days.Secondary outcomes were meeting clinical criteria for COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2 presence,number of close contacts,general health and ability to afford basic necessities.Results The primary outcome of number of symptoms reported by participants did not differ between groups after 2 weeks(cash transfer,mean 1.6 vs 1.9,ratio of means 0.83;95%CI 0.56 to 1.24).There were no statistically significant effects on secondary outcomes of the meeting COVID-19 clinical criteria(7.9%vs 12.8%;risk difference−0.05;95%CI−0.11 to 0.01),SARS-CoV-2 presence(0.5%vs 0.6%;risk difference 0.0095%CI−0.02 to 0.02),mean number of close contacts(3.5 vs 3.7;rate ratio 1.10;95%CI 0.83 to 1.46),general health very good or excellent(60%vs 63%;risk difference−0.0395%CI−0.14 to 0.08)and ability to make ends meet(52%vs 51%;risk difference 0.0195%CI−0.10 to 0.12).Conclusions A single cash transfer did not reduce the COVID-19 symptoms or improve the ability to afford necessities.Further studies are needed to determine whether some groups may benefit from financial supports and to determine if a higher level of support is beneficial.Trial registration number NCT04359264.

关键词： Canada centre random

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COX-2抑制剂、传统非甾体抗炎药与心脏临床试验得到的不良反应数据必须告知用药决策者

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英国医学杂志中文版 2005年第5期8卷 268-270页

作者： peter jüni Stephan Reichenbach Matthias Egger 张卓莉（译）董怡（校） Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Berne Finkenhubelweg 113012 Berne Switzerland Department of Rheumatology University Hospital Berne 3010 Berne Switzerland MRC Health Services Research Collaboration Department of Social Medicine University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PR 不详

COX-2 inhibitors, traditional NSAIDs, and the heart Adverse event data from clinical trials must inform decision makingpeter jüni, senior research fellow in clinical epidemiology Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Berne, SwitzerlandStephan ReichenbachDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital Berne, 3010 Berne,SwitzerlandMatthias Egger,visiting professor ofclinical epidemiologyMRC Health Services Research Collaboration, Department of SocialMedicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR

关键词：随机临床试验非甾体抗炎药 COX-2抑制剂不良反应用药决策告知心脏腺瘤性息肉病罗非昔布骨骼肌疼痛

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Skeletal muscle as a molecular and cellular biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 747-753页

作者： peter H.King Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center BirminghamALUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal multisystemic neurodegenerative disease with motor neurons being a primary target.Although progressive weakness is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,there is considerable heterogeneity,including clinical presentation,progression,and the underlying triggers for disease initiation.Based on longitudinal studies with families harboring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated gene mutations,it has become apparent that overt disease is preceded by a prodromal phase,possibly in years,where compensatory mechanisms delay symptom onset.Since 85-90%of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is sporadic,there is a strong need for identifying biomarkers that can detect this prodromal phase as motor neurons have limited capacity for regeneration.Current Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies work by slowing the degenerative process and are most effective early in the disease.Skeletal muscle,including the neuromuscular junction,manifests abnormalities at the earliest stages of the disease,before motor neuron loss,making it a promising source for identifying biomarkers of the prodromal phase.The accessibility of muscle through biopsy provides a lens into the distal motor system at earlier stages and in real time.The advent of“omics”technology has led to the identification of numerous dysregulated molecules in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle,ranging from coding and non-coding RNAs to proteins and metabolites.This technology has opened the door for identifying biomarkers of disease activity and providing insight into disease mechanisms.A major challenge is correlating the myriad of dysregulated molecules with clinical or histological progression and understanding their relevance to presymptomatic phases of disease.There are two major goals of this review.The first is to summarize some of the biomarkers identified in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle that have a clinicopathological correlation with disease activity,evidence of a similar dysregulation in the SO

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers clinicopathological correlation disease progression muscle biomarkers neurogenic atrophy neuromuscular junction non-coding RNAs presymptomatic stages skeletal muscle SOD1G93A mouse model

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of rodents.From reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)clade.Recent studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high elevation.Brain structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same clade.We observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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The Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)Project in Central Asia:The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 777-783页

作者： Michael BRODY Maksim KULIKOV Sagynbek ORUNBAEV peter j.VAN OEVELEN International Agricultural University Tashkent 111200Uzbekistan George Mason University FairfaxVirginia 22030USA University of Central Asia Bishkek 720001Kyrgyz Republic American University of Central Asia Bishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic International GEWEX project George Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginia 22030USA

Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and Uzbekistan.The region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to arid.Agriculture is a significant part of the region’s economy.By its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change.Population growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the region.Major climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation regime.Most glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource issues.Summer already has extremely high temperatures.Analyses indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be increasing.The warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global scenarios.Projections of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and distribution.Regional Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these issues.Initial steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate issues.It was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,Uzbekistan.Priorities for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.

关键词： GEWEX Central Asia climate change agriculture

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Experimental investigation on slip conditions during thread rolling with flat dies

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 136-143页

作者： Stefan VOLZ peter GROCHE Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines Technical University DarmstadtOtto-Berndt Straße 2Darmstadt 64287Germany

The process design of flat die rolling operations can be a tedious and costly process due to the challenges posed by small process windows.Within this work,an effort is made to closely investigate and understand the process limits caused by excessive slippage of the workpiece.Optical measurements are carried out to capture the characteristics of excessive slippage and the influence of the stroke rate and the tribological system on this process limit.Large differences in slippage were observed,depending on the tribological system.While systems with polymer based lubricants showed excessive slippage at low stroke rates,systems using oil or no lubricant endured higher stroke rates before process limits were reached.The optical measurements revealed three major forms of slippage:successful rolling without slippage,failure due to excessive slippage at process start,and failure due to excessive slippage at around one workpiece rotation.

关键词： rolling incremental forming thread rolling slippage profile rolling

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Diagnostic tools for fecal incontinence: Scoring systems are the crucial first step

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第6期30卷 516-522页

作者： peter Liptak Martin Duricek peter Banovcin Clinic of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology University Hospital in MartinJessenius Faculty of Medicine in MartinComenius UniversityMartin 03601Slovakia

The main aim of this editorial is to comment on the recent article published by Garg et al in the World journal of Gastroenterology 2023;29:4593-4603.This original research presents a new scoring system for fecal incontinence.Fecal incontinence is a chronic disease with a severe impact on the quality of life of the patients.Substantial social stigmatization often leads to significant underreporting of the condition even during visits to a specialist and could lead to further misman-agement or non-existent management of the disease.An important fact is that patients are often unable to describe their condition when not asked precisely defined questions.This problem is partially resolved by scoring questionnaires.Several scoring systems are commonly used;however,each of them has their shortcomings.For example,the absence of different kinds of leakage besides flatus and stool could further lead to underscoring the incontinence severity.Therefore,there has long been a call for a more precise scoring system.The correct identification of the presence and severity of fecal incontinence is paramount for further diagnostic approach and for choosing the appropriate therapy option.This editorial describes fecal incontinence,its effect on quality of life in general and further evaluates the diagnostic approach with a particular focus on symptom scoring systems and their implications for clinical practice.

关键词： Incontinence Fecal Scoring system Questionary Quality of life

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When to repair a retinal detachment?

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 607-609页

作者： peter Wiedemann Medical Faculty Leipzig UniversityLeipzig 04103Germany

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is the most common retinal emergency,threatening visual acuity,with an incidence of 1/10000[1].The number of RRDs is increasing[2-3].I recently had to prepare two expert reports a... 详细信息

关键词： RRD visual reports

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A Population Dynamics Approach to the Distribution of Space Debris in Low Earth Orbit

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 340-353页

作者： john jurkiewicz peter Hinow Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53201USA

The presence of the debris in the Earth’s orbit poses a significant risk to human activity in outer space.This debris population continues to grow due to ground launches,the loss of external parts from space ships,and uncontrollable collisions between objects.A computationally feasible continuum model for the growth of the debris population and its spatial distribution is therefore critical.Here we propose a diffusion-collision model for the evolution of the debris density in the low-Earth orbit and its dependence on the ground-launch policy.We parametrize this model and test it against data from publicly available object catalogs to examine timescales for the uncontrolled growth.Finally,we consider sensible launch policies and cleanup strategies and how they reduce the future risk of collisions with active satellites or space ships.

关键词： Population dynamics Space debris Kessler syndrome Diffusion Low-Earth orbit

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura M.jensen Raluca G.Mateescu peter j.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef production.Results Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were identified.Conclusions In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations with larger populations could lead to the develo

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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