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Existing tests vs. novel non-invasive assays for detection of invasive aspergillosis in patients with respiratory diseases

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第13期135卷 1545-1554页

作者： Wei Xiao Longyi Du Linli Cai Tiwei Miao Bing Mao Fuqiang Wen peter gerard gibso Deying Gong Yan Zeng Mei Kang Xinmiao Du Junyan Qu Yan Wang Xuemei Liu Ruizhi Feng Juanjuan Fu Respiratory Group Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Divison of Pulmonary Diseases State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610093China West China School of Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs The University of NewcastleNewcastleNSW 2305Australia Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSW 2305Australia Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter HospitalNewcastleNSW 2305Australia Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Translational Neuroscience CenterWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610093China Department of Pneumology Pidu District of Traditional Chinese MedicineThe Third Aflated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduSichuan 611730China Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital of Sichuan UniverstyChengduSichuan 610041China Center of Infectious Disease West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China Research Core Failty West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversitChengduSichuan 610093China.

Background: Although existing mycological tests (bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL] galactomannan [GM], serum GM, serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan [BDG], and fungal culture) are widely used for diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-hematological patients with respiratory diseases, their clinical utility in this large population is actually unclear. We aimed to resolve this clinical uncertainty by evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and utility of existing tests and explore the efficacy of novel sputum-basedAspergillus ***: Existing tests were assessed in a prospective and consecutive cohort of patients with respiratory diseases in West China Hospital between 2016 and 2019 while novel sputum assays (especially sputum GM andAspergillus-specific lateral-flow device [LFD]) in a case-controlled subcohort. IPA was defined according to the modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group criteria. Sensitivity and specificity were computed for each test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was ***: The entire cohort included 3530 admissions (proven/probable IPA=66, no IPA=3464) and the subcohort included 127 admissions (proven/probable IPA=38, no IPA=89). Sensitivity of BAL GM (≥1.0 optical density index [ODI]: 86% [24/28]) was substantially higher than that of serum GM (≥0.5 ODI: 38% [39/102]) (χ^(2)=19.83,P<0.001), serum BDG (≥70 pg/mL: 33% [31/95]) (χ^(2)=24.65,P<0.001), and fungal culture (33% [84/253]) (χ^(2)=29.38,P<0.001). Specificity varied between BAL GM (≥1.0 ODI: 94% [377/402]), serum GM (≥0.5 ODI: 95% [2130/2248]), BDG (89% [1878/2106]), and culture (98% [4936/5055]). Sputum GM (≥2.0 ODI) had similar sensitivity (84% [32/38]) (Fisher’s exactP=1.000) to and slightly lower specificity (87% [77/89]) (χ^(2)=5.52,P=0.019) than BAL GM (≥1.0 ODI). Area under the ROC curve values were comparable between sputum GM (0.883 [0.812-0.953]) and BAL GM (0.901 [0.824-0.977]) (P=0.734). Sputu

关键词： Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis Sputum Bronchoalveolar lavage Galactomannan Lateral-flow device

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Attitudes of medical students toward the practice and teaching of integrative medicine

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第6期13卷 412-415页

作者： gerard Flaherty Jenny Fitzgibbon peter Cantillon School of Medicine National University of Ireland

The General Medical Council encourages the integration of complementary and alternative medicine （CAM） teaching into basic medical education. We wished to explore the attitudes of medical students to CAM and its inclusion in their undergraduate curriculum. Medical students were invited to complete the validated Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire （IMAQ） and to state whether they considered it appropriate for them to learn about CAM in medical school. The questionnaire was completed by 308 students （65.8% response rate）. CAM had been received by a majority of respondents and their families. Participants believed that doctors with knowledge of CAM provide better patient care and that it is desirable for physicians to exploit the placebo effect. Most students expressed the view that doctors should be able to answer patients＇ questions about herbal medicines. There was a belief that patients should be warned to avoid using supplements which have not undergone rigorous testing. Students who were current or previous users of CAM or whose family members used CAM had higher total IMAQ scores and openness subscale scores than those who did not report use of CAM. Two-hundred and nine （68%） students expressed a desire to study CAM as part of their medical curriculum. This study reveals a positive attitude towards a holistic approach to patient care which embraces CAM. Medical students believe that integrative medicine should be taught in medical school.

关键词： attitude of health personnel students, medical complementary therapies education

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Ultrasound Pulse Emission Spectroscopy Method to Characterize Xylem Conduits in Plant Stems

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Research 2023年第1期2022卷 139-152页

作者： Satadal Dutta Zhiyi Chen Elias Kaiser Priscilla Malcolm Matamoros peter G.Steeneken gerard J.Verbiest Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Faculty of 3METU DelfMekelweg 22628CD DelfNetherlands Horticulture and Product Physiology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 6708PB WageningenNetherlands

Although it is well known that plants emit acoustic pulses under drought stress,the exact origin of the waveform of these ultrasound pulses has remained ***,we present evidence for a correlation between the characteristics of the waveform of these pulses and the dimensions of xylem conduits in *** a model that relates the resonant vibrations of a vessel to its dimension and viscoelasticity,we extract the xylem radi from the waveforms of ultrasound pulses and show that these are correlated and in good agreement with optical *** demonstrate the versatility of the method by applying it to shoots of ten different vascular plant *** particular,for Hydrangea quercifolia,we further extract vessel element lengths with our model and compare them with scanning electron *** ultrasonic,noninvasive characterization of internal conduit dimensions enables a breakthrough in speed and accuracy in plant phenotyping and stress detection.

关键词： dimensions breakthrough Pulse

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Digital blinding of radiographs to mask allocation in a randomized control trial

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第10期8卷 785-789页

作者： gerard P Slobogean Lukasz Soswa Giuliana Rotunno peter J O'Brien Kelly A Lefaivre Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia University of Maryland School of Medicine

AIM To demonstrate the effectiveness of a digital radiographic altering technique in concealing treatment allocation to blind outcome assessment of distal femur fracture *** Digital postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs from a sample of 33 randomly-selected patients with extra-articular distal femur fractures treated by surgical fixation at a Level 1 trauma center were included. Using commercially available digital altering software, we devised a technique to blind the radiographs by overlaying black boxes over the implant hardware while preserving an exposed fracture site for assessment of fracture healing. Three fellowship-trained surgeons evaluated a set of blinded radiographs twice and a control set of unblinded radiographs once. Each set of radiographs were reviewed independently and in a randomly-assigned order. The degrees of agreement and disagreement among evaluators in identifying implant type while reviewing both blinded and unblinded radiographs were assessed using the Bang Blinding Index and James Blinding Index. The degree of agreement in fracture union was assessed using kappa *** The assessment of blinded radiographs with both the Bang Blinding Index(BBI) and James Blinding Index(JBI) demonstrated a low degree of evaluator success at identifying implant type(Mean BBI, far cortical locking:-0.03, SD: 0.04; Mean BBI, standard screw: 0, SD: 0; JBI: 0.98, SD: 0), suggesting near perfect blinding. The assessment of unblinded radiographs with both blinding indices demonstrated a high degree of evaluator success at identifying implant type(Mean BBI, far cortical locking: 0.89, SD: 0.19; Mean BBI, standard screw: 0.87, SD: 0.04; JBI: 0.26, SD: 0.12), as expected. There was moderate agreement with regard to assessment of fracture union among the evaluators in both the blinded(Kappa: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.25-0.52) and unblinded(Kappa: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.25-0.45) arms of the study. There was no statistically significant differen

关键词： Methods Randomized controlled trials Patient outcome assessment Fracture healing Femoral fractures

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The implicit stress of eating meat

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Life Research 2018年第1期1卷 9-17页

作者： Christopher Anthony David peter gerard Coan Faculty of International Studies Prince of Songkla University Phuket Thailand

This paper gives a brief overview of the evolutionary history of human diet,discusses various reasons why some modern humans choose to abstain from eating animal products,and explores the psychological effects occasioned by the eating of *** authors argue that when modern,scientifically literate humans choose to eat meat and animal-milk-based products,while being simultaneously aware of the associated poor outcomes in terms of personal health,environmental sustainability,and animal suffering,then psychological stress is an inevitable *** highlight some key recent additions to the growing body of evidence which demonstrates that the choice to eat meat is a factor in environmental destruction,animal misery,and personal health risks,and explore the causes and consequences of the predictable psychological stresses that result for those individuals who continue to habituallv eat meat.

关键词： animal-milk-based human diet scientifically

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OVOL1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by enhancing the degradation of TGF-β type I receptor

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第5期7卷 1842-1859页

作者： Chuannan Fan Qian Wang gerard van der Zon Jiang Ren Cedrick Agaser Roderick C.Slieker Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar Hailiang Mei peter ten Dijke Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2300 RCThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2300 RCThe Netherlands Department of Biomedical Data Sciences Sequencing Analysis Support CoreLeiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2300 RCThe Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam Public Health InstituteAmsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences InstituteAmsterdam UMClocation VUmcAmsterdam 1081 HVThe Netherlands

Ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1(OVOL1)is a key mediator of epithelial lineage determination and mesenchymal–epithelial transition(MET).The cytokines transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and bone morphogenetic proteins(BMP)control the epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity(EMP)of cancer cells,but whether this occurs through interplay with OVOL1 is not ***,we show that OVOL1 is inversely correlated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT)signature,and is an indicator of a favorable prognosis for breast cancer ***1 suppresses EMT.

关键词： invasion breast cancer

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The trouble with democracy

The trouble with democracy

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作者： (editor.)Rosich gerard (editor..1956 September 18-)Wagner peter

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Depression and the ending of depression： tradition, science and subjectivities

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Life Research 2018年第2期1卷 68-72页

作者： Christopher Anthony David peter gerard Coan California Southern University Costa MesaCalifornia.

What is depression？ What causes it？ How many people suffer from it？ Why does it affect some people and not others？ How can we test objectively whether a person is depressed or not？ How can we best help depressed people？ In this brief comment paper, we show that answers to these questions found in the current medical research literature are far from conclusive.

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Nanoelectromechanical Sensors Based on Suspended 2D Materials

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1612-1636页

作者： Max C.Lemme Stefan Wagner Kangho Lee Xuge Fan gerard J.Verbiest Sebastian Wittmann Sebastian Lukas Robin J.Dolleman Frank Niklaus Herre S.Jvan der Zant Georg S.Duesberg peter G.Steeneken Chair of Electronic Devices RWTH Aachen UniversityOtto-Blumenthal-Str.252074 AachenGermany AMO GmbH Advanced Microelectronic Center Aachen(AMICA)Otto-Blumenthal-Str.2552074 AachenGermany Institute of Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversität der Bundeswehr MünchenWerner-Heisenberg-Weg 3985577 NeubibergGermany Division of Micro and Nanosystems KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyMalvinas Vag 1010044 StockholmSweden Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Delft University of TechnologyMekelweg 22628 CD DelftNetherlands Infineon Technologies AG Wernerwerkstraße 293049 RegensburgGermany nd Institute of Physics RWTH Aachen UniversityOtto-Blumenthal-Str.52074 AachenGermany Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft University of TechnologyLorentzweg 12628 CJ DelftNetherlands

The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional(2D)materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel *** the last decade,many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors,microphones,accelerometers,and mass and gas *** this review,we explain the different sensing concepts and give an overview of the relevant material properties,fabrication routes,and device operation ***,we discuss sensor readout and integration methods and provide comparisons against the state of the art to show both the challenges and promises of 2D material-based nanoelectromechanical sensing.

关键词： Sensors enable accelerometer

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Targeting TGFβ signal transduction for cancer therapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 277-296页

作者： Sijia Liu Jiang Ren peter ten Dijke Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology Leiden University Medical CenterEinthovenweg 202300 RC LeidenThe Netherlands

Transforming growth factor-β(TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult tissue *** of TGFβ family signaling can lead to a plethora of developmental disorders and diseases,including cancer,immune dysfunction,and *** this review,we focus on TGFβ,a well-characterized family member that has a dichotomous role in cancer progression,acting in early stages as a tumor suppressor and in late stages as a tumor *** functions of TGFβ are not limited to the regulation of proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,and metastasis of cancer *** reports have related TGFβ to effects on cells that are present in the tumor microenvironment through the stimulation of extracellular matrix deposition,promotion of angiogenesis,and suppression of the ant-tumor immune *** pro-oncogenic roles of TGFβ have attracted considerable attention because their intervention provides a therapeutic approach for cancer ***,the critical function of TGFβin maintaining tissue homeostasis makes targeting TGFβa ***,we review the pleiotropic functions of TGFβin cancer initiation and progression,summarize the recent clinical advancements regarding TGFβ signaling interventions for cancer treatment,and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities related to targeting this *** provide a perspective on synergistic therapies that combine anti-TGFβ therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy,targeted therapy,radiotherapy,or immunotherapy.

关键词： TGFβ homeostasis stimulation

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