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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Collective Perspective on Advances in Dyson–Schwinger Equation QCD

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第7期58卷 79-134页

作者： Adnan Bashir Ian C.Clet Bruno el-Bennich Craig D.Roberts peter C.Tandy Instituto de física y Matemticas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicols de Hidalgo Edificio C-3Ciudad UniversitariaMoreliaMichoacn 58040Mxico Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIllinois 60439USA Center for Nuclear Research Department of PhysicsKent State UniversityKent OH 44242USA CSSM and CoEPP School of Chemistry and Physics University of AdelaideAdelaide SA 5005Australia Laboratorio de física Teórica e Computao Científica Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul01506-000 So PauloSPBrazil Instituto de física Torica Universidade Estadual Paulista01140-070 So PauloSPBrazil Department of Physics Center for High Energy Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and TechnologyPeking University Institut für Kernphysik Forschungszentrum JülichD-52425 JülichGermany Department of Physics Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIllinois 60616-3793USA

We survey contemporary studies of hadrons and strongly interacting quarks using QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations, addressing the following aspects: confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; the hadron spectrum; hadron elastic and transition form factors, from small-to large-Q2; parton distribution functions; the physics of hadrons containing one or more heavy quarks; and properties of the quark gluon plasma.

关键词： confinement dynamical chiral symmetry breaking Dyson-Schwinger equations hadron spectrum hadron elastic and transition form factors heavy mesons in-hadron condensates parton distribution functions quark gluon plasma UA(1)-problem

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Starch digestion rates in multiple samples of commonly used feed grains in diets for broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 450-459页

作者： peter H.Selle Amy f.Moss Ali Khoddami peter V.Chrystal Sonia Yun Liu Poultry Research foundation The University of SydneyCamdenNSW2570Australia Sydney School of Veterinary Science The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Sydney Institute of Agriculture Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSW2145Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

In this study the starch digestion rates in broiler chickens from 18 samples of 5 commonly used feed grains(sorghum,wheat,maize,barley,triticale)were *** methodology to determine starch digestion rates in poultry is detailed *** digestion rates were not significantly different(P-0.128)across the 18 feed grains,which reflects the wide variations that were observed within a given ***,starch digestion rates in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets were significantly more rapid by 56.0%(0.117 versus 0.075 min-1;p=0.012)than their sorghum-based counterparts on the basis of a pair-wise *** descending order,the following starch diges-tion rates were observed:wheat(0.117 min-1),barley(0.104 min-1),triticale(0.093 min-1),maize(0.086 min-1),sorghum(0.075 min-1).The implications of these findings are discussed as they almost certainly have implications for poultry nutrition and the development of reduced crude protein diets for broiler chickens.

关键词： Broiler chicken Digestive dynamics feed grain Starch

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Comparative Assessment of the Effect of Wastewater Sludge Biochar on Growth,Yield and Metal Bioaccumulation of Cherry Tomato

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 680-685页

作者： Mustafa K.HOSSAIN Vladimir STREZOV peter f.NelSON Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science and EngineeringMacquarie University

To investigate the potential effects of wastewater sludge and sludge biochar on growth, yield and metal bioaccumulation of cherry tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum L.）, a pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse environment with three different treatments, control soil （CP）, soil with wastewater sludge （SS） and soil with sludge biochar （SB）, to reveal the comparative effect between the amendments of wastewater sludge and sludge biochar. The soil used for pot experiment was Chromosol. Wastewater sludge and sludge biochax produced through pyrolysis process at 550 ℃ were applied at 10 t ha-1. No significant difference was found in growth and production of cherry tomatoes between wastewater sludge and sludge biochar applications to the soil. The accumulation rates of metals in the fruits were lower in the treatment with sludge biochar than in the treatment with wastewater sludge. The study highlights the benefits of risk mitigation from toxic metal accumulation in fruits using wastewater sludge and sludge biochar as soil conditioners.

关键词： fruit yield heavy metals plant height risk mitigation soil conditioner

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Membrane progesterone receptors(mPRs/PAQRs)in Schwann cells represent a promising target for the promotion of neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 281-282页

作者： Luca f.Castelnovo peter Thomas Valerio Magnaghi Marine Science Institute University of Texas at AustinPort AransasTXUSA Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

Schwann cells and neuroregeneration:Peripheral nerve injury is a common cause of morbidity,which affects millions of people *** peripheral nervous system,differently from the central nervous system,has an intrinsic ability to regenerate after ***,in most cases the regenerative outcome is not completely satisfactory,in particular for long-gap peripheral nerve injuries in which the microsurgical approach is not *** these cases。

关键词： injuries progesterone cases

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The influence of phytase, pre-pellet cracked maize and dietary crude protein level on broiler performance via response surface methodology

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第1期11卷 169-182页

作者： Amy f.Moss peter V.Chrystal Yueming Dersjant-Li peter H.Selle Sonia Yun Liu Poultry Research foundation within The University of Sydney 425 Werombi RoadCamdenNSW 2570Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNSWAustralia Danisco Animal Nutrition DuPont Industrial BiosciencesMarlboroughUK.

Background:The reduction of crude protein levels in diets for broiler chickens may generate economic,environmental and flock welfare and health benefits;however,performance is usually *** grain feeding and phytase may improve the utilization of reduced crude protein ***:The effects of pre-pellet cracked maize(0,15%and 30%)and phytase(0,750 and 1500 fTU/kg)in isoenergetic maize-soy diets with three levels of crude protein(22%,19.5%and 17%)were evaluated via a BoxBehnken response surface *** of 13 dietary treatments were offered to 6 replicate cages(6 birds/cage)of male Ross 308 broiler chicks from 7 to 28 d *** prediction and response surface plots were generated from experimental data via polynomial regression in R and only significant coefficients were included and discussed in the predicted *** gain,feed intake and fCR were all influenced by pre-pellet cracked maize,phytase and crude protein level,where crude protein level had the greatest ***,the reduction from 22%to 17%dietary crude protein in non-supplemented diets reduced weight gain,feed intake,relative gizzard weight,relative gizzard content and relative pancreas weight but improved ***,the inclusion of 30%cracked maize to 17%crude protein diets restored gizzard weight and 1500 fTU phytase inclusion to 17%crude protein diets increased relative gizzard contents and pancreas *** maize and phytase inclusion in tandem to 17%crude protein diets increased weight gain,feed intake and fCR;however,this fCR was still more efficient than broilers offered the non-supplemented 22%crude protein *** offered the prepellet cracked maize and phytase inclusions reduced AME in 22%crude protein diets but improved AME by 2.92 MJ(14.16 versus 11.24 MJ;Pffered diets with 17%crude protein than those offered the 22%crude protein diet;irrespec

关键词： Crude protein Maize Phytase Pre-pellet whole grain Response surface

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Combined non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes in severely obese patients-medium term effects of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass on disease markers

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第6期11卷 795-807页

作者： franck Billmann Sherehan el Shishtawi Tom Bruckner Mostafa elSheikh Beat peter Muller-Stich Adrian Billeter Department of Surgery University Hospital of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Informatik Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of General Surgery El-Gharbia GovenorateTantaEl gash St.Medical CampusThe Faculty of MedicineTantaEgypt

Background:We aimed to evaluate the medium-term efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy(SG)***-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)on remission of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAfLD)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:We identified severely obese patients[body mass index(BMI)>35 kg/m^(2)]with NAfLD(as defined by the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Study)and T2DM(as defined by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology)who underwent SG or RYGB in a single university surgical *** cohorts were match-paired and data were analysed after at least 3 years of follow *** key outcomes measured were:(I)the improvement of liver function tests and NAfLD markers;(II)glycemic control and insulin ***:Ninety-six patients were investigated;44(45.8%)were *** mean pre-operative BMI was 45.2 kg/m2 in the SG and 42.0 kg/m^(2) in the RYGB *** and RYGB both significantly reduced serum liver enzyme *** markers resolved 2 years after SG in all *** contrast,only 78%and 80%of patients achieved remission of NAfLD 2 and 3 years after RYBG *** procedures resulted in comparable rates of remission of ***:Bariatric surgery with SG may be preferable to RYGB for obese patients with NAfLD and T2DM based on the rates of remission of markers of these ***,our results need to be confirmed in prospective *** the metabolic effects of specific bariatric surgical procedures may facilitate the development of a personalised approach to weight-loss surgery.

关键词： Bariatric surgery morbid obesity complications non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAfLD) type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) gastric bypass sleeve gastrectomy(SG) transaminases

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Phase field modeling with large driving forces

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 623-631页

作者： Jin Zhang Alexander f.Chadwick David L.Chopp peter W.Voorhees Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

There is growing interest in applying phase field methods as quantitative tools in materials discovery and ***,large driving forces,common in many materials systems,lead to unstable phase field profiles,thus requiring fine spatial and temporal *** demands more computational resources,limits the ability to simulate systems with a suitable size,and deteriorates the capability of quantitative ***,we develop a strategy to map the driving force to a constant perpendicular to the *** with the third-order interpolation function,we find a stable phase field profile that is independent of the magnitude of the driving *** power of this approach is illustrated using three *** demonstrate that by using the driving force extension method,it is possible to employ a grid size orders of magnitude larger than traditional *** approach is general and should apply to many other phase field models.

关键词： forces interpolation apply

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Genetic outcomes from the translocations of the critically endangered woylie

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 294-310页

作者： Carlo PACIONI Adrian f. WAYNE peter B. S. SPENCER School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch 6150 Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation Science Division Manjimup 6258 Western Australia

Translocations are an important conservation strategy for many species. However simply observing demographic growth of a translocated population is not sufficient to infer species recovery. Adequate genetic representation of the source population（s） and their long-term viability should also be considered. The woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi has been subject to more formal translocations for conservation than any other marsupial that, up until recently, has resulted in one of the most suc- cessful species recoveries in Australia. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to assess the genetic outcomes of trans- located woylie populations. These populations have lost genetic variability, differentiated fxom their source population and the supplementation program on two island populations appears to have failed. We discuss the conservation implications that our re- suits have for managing threatened species, outline some general recommendations for the management of present and future translocations and discuss the appropriate sampling design for the establishment of new populations or captive breeding programs that may mitigate the genetic ＇erosion＇ seen in our study species. This research provides some practical outcomes and a pragmatic understanding of translocation biology. The findings are directly applicable to other translocation programs .

关键词： Bettongia penicillata Macropod translocation Supplementation microsatellites mtDNA

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Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第2期12卷 246-250页

作者： michael Hocke Ewald Schulze peter Gottschalk Theodor Topalidis Christoph f Dietrich Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Friedrich Schiller University JenaErlanger Allee 10107740 JenaGermany Department of Pathology Friedrich Schiller University JenaErlanger Allee 10107740 JenaGermany Cytologic Institute Doehrbruch 6230559 HannoverGermany Caritas Hospital Department of Internal Medicine ⅡUhlandstraBe 797980 Bad MergentheimGermany

AIM： To evaluate the contrast-enhanced endosonography as a method of differentiating inflammation from pancreatic carcinoma based on perfusion characteristics of microvessels. METHODS： In 86 patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis （age： 62± 12 years; sex： f/m 38/48）, pancreatic lesions were examined by conventional endo- scopic B-mode, power Doppler ultrasound and contrastenhanced power mode （Hitachi EUB 525, SonoVue, 2.4 mL, Bracco） using the following criteria for malignant lesions： no detectable vascularisation using conventional power Doppler scanning, irregular appearance of arterial vessels over a short distance using SonoVue contrastenhanced technique and no detectable venous vessels inside the lesion. A malignant lesion was assumed if all criteria were detectable [gold standard endoscopic ultrasound （EUS）-guided fine needle aspiration cytology, operation]. The criteria of chronic pancreatitis without neoplasia were defined as no detectable vascularisation before injection of SonoVue, regular appearance of vessels over a distance of at least 20 mm after injection of SonoVue and detection of arterial and venous vessels. RESULTS： The sensitivity and specifidty of conventional EUS were 73.2% and 83.3% respectively for pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of contrast-enhanced EUS increased to 91.1% in 51 of 56 patients with malignant pancreatic lesion and the specificity increased to 93.3% in 28 of 30 patients with chronic inflammatory pancreatic ***： Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound improves the differentiation between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Contrast enhancer Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic cancer

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