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Evidence for the involvement of NOd2 in regulating colonic epithelial cell growth and survival

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5834-5841页

作者： Sheena M Cruickshank Louise Wakenshaw John Cardone peter d howdle peter J Murray Simon R Carding Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Faculty of Life Sciences University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PT United Kingdom Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom The Institute of Food Research Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UA United Kingdom Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom Section of Medicine Surgery & Anaesthesia Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom department of Infectious diseases St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 United States

AIM: To investigate the function of NOd2 in colonic epithelial cells (CEC). METHOdS: A combination of in vivo and in vitro analyses of epithelial cell turnover in the presence and absence of a functional NOd2 protein and, in response to enteric Salmonella typhimurium infection, were used. shRNA interference was also used to investigate the consequences of knocking down NOd2 gene expression on the growth and survival of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. RESULTS:In the colonic mucosa the highest levels of NOd2 expression were in proliferating crypt epithelial cells. Muramyl dipeptide (MdP), that is recognized by NOd2, promoted CEC growth in vitro . By contrast,the growth of NOd2-deficient CECs was impaired. In vivo CEC proliferation was also reduced and apoptosis increased in Nod2-/- mice, which were also evident following enteric Salmonella infection. Furthermore, neutralization of NOd2 mRNA expression in human colonic carcinoma cells by shRNA interference resulted in decreased survival due to increased levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the involvement of NOd2 protein in promoting CEC growth and survival. defects in proliferation by CECs in cases of Cd may contribute to the underlying pathology of disrupted intestinal homeostasis and excessive inflammation.

关键词： Colon Epithelial cells NOd2 Growth

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Comprehensive Clinical Hepatology

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2006年

作者： Emeritus Editor peter d howdle Edited by Bruce R Bacon John G O'Grady Adrian M di Bisceglie John R Lake

ISBN: (纸本)9780323036757

Authoritative and highly illustrated in full color, this comprehensive resource is the result of a joint effort of four experienced senior clinicians and educators. It focuses on the medical aspects of transplantation, offers an oasis of knowledge on key topics for clinical practice and examination, and discusses the newest developments in the field, including NASH and chronic viral hepatitis.

关键词： Liverdiseases.

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Biomimetic flexible plate actuators are faster and more efficient with a passive attachment

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第6期32卷 1001-1011页

作者： peter d.Yeh Alexander Alexeev George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

Using three-dimensional computer simulations, we probe biomimetic free swimming of an internally actuated flexible plate in the regime near the first natural frequency. The plate is driven by an oscillating internal moment approximating the actuation mechanism of a piezoelectric macro fiber composite (MFC) bimorph. We show in our simulations that the addition of a passive attachment increases both swimming velocity and efficiency. Specifically, if the active and passive sections are of similar size, the overall performance is the best. We determine that this optimum is a result of two competing factors. If the passive section is too large, then the actuated portion is unable to generate substantial deflection to create sufficient thrust. On the other hand, a large actuated section leads to a bending pattern that is inefficient at generating thrust especially at higher frequencies.

关键词： Flexible plate Biomimetic Lattice Boltzmann Fluid-structure interaction Robotic fish Piezoelectric actuator

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Neuronal changes resulting in up-regulation of alpha-1 adrenoceptors after peripheral nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第14期9卷 1337-1340页

作者： peter d.drummond Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory diseases Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia

Under normal conditions, the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline inhibits the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, after peripheral nerve and tissue injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines appear to induce the expression of the alphalA-adreno- ceptor subtype on immune cells and perhaps also on other cells in the injured tissue. In turn, noradrenaline may act on up-regulated alphal-adrenoceptors to increase the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. In addition, the release of inflammatory mediators and nerve growth factor from keratinocytes and other cells may augment the expression of alphal-adrenoceptors on peripheral nerve fibers. Consequently, nociceptive afferents acquire an abnormal excitability to adrenergic agents, and inflammatory processes build. These mechanisms could contribute to the development of sympathetically maintained pain in conditions such as post-herpetic neuralgia, cutaneous neuromas, amputation stump pain and complex regional pain syndrome.

关键词： alphal-adrenoceptors up-regulation peripheral nerve injury nerve growth factor pro-inflammatory mediators complex regional pain syndrome

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Spent coffee ground as source for hydrocarbon fuels

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第1期25卷 146-152页

作者： peter döhlert Maik Weidauer Stephan Enthalera Technische Universitat Berlin Department of ChemistryCluster of Excellence"Unifying Concepts in Catalysis"Straβe des 17.Juni 135/C2D-10623 BerlinGermany Universitat Hamburg Department of ChemistryMartin-Luther-King-Platz 6D-20146 HamburgGermany

The conversion of triglycerides（coffee oil） obtained from spent coffee ground to produce hydrocarbon fuel（diesel） was studied. In more detail, a catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of the coffee oil was performed applying polymethylhydrosiloxane（PMHS） as cheap reductant under mild reaction conditions. However, along with the hydrocarbons significant amounts of PMHS-waste are generated, since only～1.7% of the PMHS is required for the reduction process. Based on that, in a subsequent depolymerization step the PMHS-waste was converted to methyltrifluorosilane and difluoromethylsilane, which can be applied as building blocks for the production of new silicones, with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate（BF3OEt2） as depolymerization reagent.

关键词： Catalysis Triglyceride Hydrocarbons Hydrodeoxygenation depolymerization

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Making the link between AdF and 4d STEM:Resolution,transfer and coherence

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第11期33卷 26-33页

作者： peter d.Nellist Timothy J.Pennycook department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordUK EMAT University of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 1712020 AntwerpBelgium

Steve Pennycook is a pioneer in the application of high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and in particular the use of annular dark-field(AdF)*** we show how a general framework for 4d STEM allows clear links to be made between AdF imaging and the emerging methods for reconstructing images from 4d STEM data *** show that both AdF imaging and ptychographical reconstruction can be thought of in terms of integrating over the overlap regions of diffracted discs in the detector *** approach allows the similarities in parts of their transfer functions to be understood,though we note that the transfer functions for ptychographic imaging cannot be used as a measure of information *** also show that conditions of partial spatial and temporal coherence affect AdF imaging and ptychography similarly,showing that achromatic interference can always contribute to the image in both cases,leading to a robustness to partial temporal coherence that has enabled high-resolution imaging.

关键词： image forming and processing phase retrieval electron microscopy scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM)

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Effect of p-d exchange with an itinerant carrier in a GaMnAs quantum dot

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第7期34卷 1-6页

作者： d.Lalitha A.John peter department of Physics GTN College department of Physics Government Arts College

Hydrogenic acceptor binding energy as a function of dot radius in a GaMnAs/Ga_（0.6）Al_（0.4）As quantum dot is calculated including the exchange interaction of Mn alloy content with an itinerant *** are performed by varying its dot radius,for various Mn alloy contents in GaMnAs quantum dot within a single band effective mass approximation using variational *** spin polaronic energy of the acceptor impurity for different Mn^（2＋） is evaluated for different dot radii using a mean field theory in the presence of magnetic field *** magnetization is computed in the influence of magnetic field and the Mn *** effective g-factor of the valence band electron with the inclusion of effects of Mn ion impurities is found in the influence of the magnetic *** exchange coupling constant is calculated for various magnetic field *** results show that the p-d exchange interaction in the GaMnAs/Ga_（0.6）Al_（0.4）As quantum dot has a strong dependence on spatial confinement,effect of magnetic field strength and the Mn alloy *** results are in good agreement with the other investigators.

关键词： quantum dot acceptor diluted magnetic semiconductors

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Endoscopic management of biliary strictures after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第30期15卷 3725-3733页

作者： Emmanuelle d Williams peter V draganov division of Gastroenterology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610-0214United States

Bile duct strictures remain a major source of morbidity after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Biliary strictures are classifi ed as anastomotic or non-anastomotic strictures according to location and are defi ned by distinct clinical behaviors. Anastomotic strictures are localized and short. The outcome of endoscopic treatment for anastomotic strictures is excellent. Nonanastomotic strictures often result from ischemic and immunological events, occur earlier and are usually multiple and longer. They are characterized by a far less favorable response to endoscopic management, higher recurrence rates, graft loss and need for retransplantation. Living donor OLT patients present a unique set of challenges arising from technical factors, and stricture risk for both recipients and donors. Endoscopic treatment of living donor OLT patients is less promising. Current endoscopic strategies for biliary strictures after OLT include repeated balloon dilations and placement of multiple side-by-side plastic stents. Lifelong surveillance is required in all types of strictures. despite improvements in incidence and long term outcomes with endoscopic management, and a reduced need for surgical treatment, the impact of strictures on patients after OLT is signifi cant. Future considerations include new endoscopic technologies and improved stents, which could potentially allow for a decreased number of interventions, increased intervals before retreatment, and decreased reliance on percutaneous and surgical modalities. This review focuses on the role of endoscopy in biliary strictures, one of the most common biliary complications after OLT.

关键词： Anastomotic strictures Bile duct diseases Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Orthotopic liver transplantation Surgical anastomosis

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Estimating the Great Lakes net radiation using satellite remote sensing and MERRA reanalysis

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International Journal of digital Earth 2017年第8期10卷 764-784页

作者： Sitthisak Moukomla peter d.Blanken Geo-Informatics and Space Technology development Agency(GISTdA) Lak Si BangkokThailand department of Geography and Environmental Studies Program University of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA

The net all-wave radiation of the Great Lakes(GL)is a key to understanding the effects of climate change on the *** is a high possibility of underestimating the net all-wave radiation of the GL when using existing methodologies with inputs from near-shore and land-based meteorological *** study provides the first technique to estimate net all-wave radiation over the GL from July 2001 to december 2014 using a combination of data from satellite remote sensing,reanalysis data sets,and direct *** components of the surface radiation budget estimated from the proposed method showed good statistical *** instantaneous net radiation estimated by our methods was compared with the in situ measurements from June 2008 to April 2012(Stannard Rock Lighthouse:SR)and September 2009–April 2011(Spectacle Reef Lighthouse:SP).The comparisons from SR and SP also showed strong statistic agreement(R^(2)=0.74 and 0.7;RMSE=9.26 and 10.60 W m^(−2) respectively).Monthly spatial variations of net shortwave radiation varied with cloud cover and surface albedo while net longwave radiation varied with the temperature difference between the water surface and the atmosphere.

关键词： The Great Lakes net all-wave radiation satellite remote sensing MERRA reanalysis

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Current hypotheses for the evolution of sex and recombination

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 192-209页

作者： Matthew HARTFIELd peter d.KEIGHTLEY Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of EdinburghEdinburghUK

The evolution of sex is one of the most important and controversial problems in evolutionary *** sex is almost universal in higher animals and plants,its inherent costs have made its maintenance difficult to ex*** most famous of these is the twofold cost of males,which can greatly reduce the fecundity of a sexual population,compared to a population of asexual *** the past century,multiple hypotheses,along with experimental evidence to support these,have been put forward to explain widespread costly *** this review,we outline some of the most prominent theories,along with the experimental and observational evidence supporting ***,there have been 4 classes of theories:the ability of sex to fix multiple novel advantageous mutants(Fisher-Muller hypothesis);sex as a mechanism to stop the build-up of deleterious mutations in finite populations(Muller’s ratchet);recombination creating novel genotypes that can resist infection by parasites(Red Queen hypothesis);and the ability of sex to purge bad genomes if deleterious mutations act synergistically(mutational deterministic hypothesis).Current theoretical and experimental evidence seems to favor the hypothesis that sex breaks down selection interference between new mutants,or it acts as a mechanism to shuffle genotypes in order to repel parasitic ***,there is still a need to collect more data from natural populations and experimental studies,which can be used to test different hypotheses.

关键词： evolution of sex fitness-associated sex Hill-Robertson interference mutational deterministic hypothesis Red Queen hypothesis

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