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报告随机对照试验的cONSORT声明修订版:说明与详述(二)

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中国实用内科杂志 2006年第6期26卷 470-471页

作者： Douglas G.Altman Kenneth F.Schulz David Moher Matthias Egger Frank Davidoff Diana Elbourne peter c.gtzsch Thomas Lang 8刘雪梅英国健康科学研究所医学统计学中心IcRF医学统计学组美国北卡罗莱纳州研究三角园国际家庭健康定量研究组加拿大东安大略湖所儿童医院Thomas c.chalmerscente系统评价中心英国布里斯托尔大学MRc健康服务研究协作网美国内科医师协会《内科学年鉴》英国热带医学伦敦公共卫生学院北欧cochrane中心(哥本哈根DK2100c) 13849 Edgewater Drive LakewoodOH44107 for the cONSORT Group

举例……所有在肯雅塔国立医院家庭福利中心要求行宫内节育器(IUcD),年龄20～40岁,月经规律的妇女均可能纳入此研究.如果她们满足以下任何一条标准则排除:(1)有异位妊娠史;(2)在此前42天内妊娠;(3)子宫平滑肌瘤;(4)盆腔炎活动期;(5)宫... 详细信息

举例……所有在肯雅塔国立医院家庭福利中心要求行宫内节育器(IUcD),年龄20～40岁,月经规律的妇女均可能纳入此研究.如果她们满足以下任何一条标准则排除:(1)有异位妊娠史;(2)在此前42天内妊娠;(3)子宫平滑肌瘤;(4)盆腔炎活动期;(5)宫颈或子宫内膜恶性肿瘤;(6)对四环素过敏;(7)在此前14天内使用任何抗生素或注射长效青霉素者;(8)对感染反应低下;(9)内罗毕(肯尼亚首都)城以外的居民,地址不详或不愿意接受随访者.

关键词：结局指标 RcT 随机零点血压计 cONSORT 测量者依那西普排除标准

AN AccURATE TWO-DIMENSIONAL THEORY OF VIBRATIONS OF ISOTROPIc,ELASTIc PLATES

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2011年第2期24卷 125-134页

作者： peter c.Y.Lee Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University

An infinite system of two-dimensional equations of motion of isotropic elastic plates with edge and corner conditions are deduced from the three-dimensional equations of elasticity by expansion of displacements in a series of trigonometrical functions and a linear function of the thickness coordinate of the plate. The linear term in the expansion is to accommodate the in-plane displacements induced by the rotation of the plate normal in low-frequency flexural motions. A system of first-order equations of flexural motions and accompanying boundary conditions are extracted from the infinite system. It is shown that the present system of equations is equivalent to the Mindlin＇s first-order equations, and the dispersion relation of straight-crested waves of the present theory is identical to that of the Mindlin＇s without introducing any corrections. Reduction of present equations and boundary conditions to those of classical plate theories of flexural motions is also presented.

关键词： isotropic elastic plates first-order equations boundary conditions flexural andthickness-shear vibrations

Human thrombin for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5912-5917页

作者： Norma c McAvoy John N Plevris peter c Hayes Department of Hepatology University of EdinburghRoyal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburgh EH16 4SAUnited Kingdom

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic ***:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral *** January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic *** details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were *** thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection *** patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was *** haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin *** duration of follow up was also *** study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics ***:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per ***-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy ***-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy *** re-bleeding occurred in this ***:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Ectopic Varices Gastric varices, Portal hypertension Thrombin

Thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat flux in the southern Huanghai Sea and the East china Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第5期27卷 1-20页

作者： PARK Sunghyea cHU peter c Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School

Synoptic features in/around thermal fronts and cross-frontal heat fluxes in the southern Huanghai./Yellow Sea and East china Sea （HES） were examined using the data collected from four airborne expendable bathythermograph surveys with horizontal approxmately 35 km and vertical 1 m（from the surface to 400 m deep） spacings. Since the fronts are strongly affected by HES current system, the synoptic thermal features in/around them represent the interaction of currents with surrounding water masses. These features can not be obtained from climatological data. The identified thermal features are listed as follows ：（ 1 ） multiple boundaries of cold water, asymmetric thermocline intrusion, locally-split front by homogeneous water of approxmately 18 ℃, and mergence of the front by the Taiwan Warm current in/around summertime southern cheju - changjiang/Yangtze front and Tsushima front; （2） springtime frontal eddy-like feature around Tsushima front; （3） year-round cyclonic meandering and summertime temperature-inversion at the bottom of the surface mixed layer in cheju - Tsushima front; and （4） multistructure of Kuroshio front. In the Kuroshio front the mean variance of vertical temperature gradient is an order of degree smaller than that in other HES fronts. The southern cheju- changjiang front and cheju -Tsushima front are connected with each other in the summer with comparable cross-frontal temperature gradient. However, cross-frontal heat flux and lateral eddy diffusivity are stronger in the southern cheju - changjiang front. The cross-frontal heat exchange is the largest in the mixing zone between the modified Huanghai Sea bottom cold water and the Tsushima Warm current, which is attributable to enhanced thermocline intrusions.

关键词： southern Huanghai Sea and East china Sea AXBT synoptic thermal front cross-frontal heat flux lateral eddy diffusivity

Quasi-variable Discount Rates and Market Volatility: An Empirical Study

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2023年第5期32卷 515-530页

作者： Pengju Zhao Wei Zhang Xi Wu peter c.coyte Economics and Management School Zhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007China Economics and Management School Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Economics and Management School System and Industrial Engineering Research CentreZhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou450007China Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation(HPME)School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoTorontoM5R 0A3Canada

This paper proposes an assumption of quasi-variable discount rates to explain the excess volatility puzzle of stock market. Under the assumption, the ARMAX model is derived based on the ccAPM model and cRRA utility function to describe the linear relationship between the discount rate and the consumption growth rate. We conducted empirical research on this model using historical data of the US stock market. The results confirm a significantly negative relationship between consumption growth rate and discount rate. Subsequently, the results of Monte carlo simulation show that given the risk preference coefficient and dividend sequence, the rational expectations price fluctuation obtained under the assumption of quasivariable discount rate is the largest.

关键词： Stochastic discount factor market volatility dividend discount model ARMAX

Evaluation of Haney-Type Surface ThermalBoundary conditions Using a coupledAtmosphere and Ocean Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第3期18卷 355-375页

作者： peter c. chu 陈玉春吕世华 Department of Oceanography Naval Postgraduate School

A coupled atmosphere-ocean model developed at the Institute for Space Studies at NASA Goddard Space Flight center (Russell et al., 1995) was used to verify the validity of Haney-type surface thermal boundary condition, which linearly connects net downward surface heat fluxQ to air/sea temperature difference ΔT by a relaxation coefficientk. The model was initiated from the National centers for Environmental Prediction (NcEP) atmospheric observations for 1 December 1977, and from the National Ocean Data center (NODc) global climatological mean December temperature and salinity fields at 1°x 1° resolution. The time step is 7.5 minutes. We integrated the model for 450 days and obtained a complete model-generated global data set of daily mean downward net surface fluxQ, surface air temperatureT A, and sea surface temperatureT O. Then, we calculated the cross-correlation coefficients (ccc) betweenQ and ΔT. The ensemble mean ccc fields show (a) no correlation betweenQ and ΔT in the equatiorial regions, and (b) evident correlation (ccc≥0.7) betweenQ and ΔT in the middle and high latitudes. Additionally, we did the variance analysis and found that whenk=120 W m?2K?1, the two standard deviations, σQ and σκδT , are quite close in the middle and high latitudes. These results agree quite well with a previous research (chu et al., 1998) on analyzing the NcEP re-analyzed surface data, except that a smaller value ofk (80 W m?2K?1) was found in the previous study. Key words Air-sea coupled system - Ocean surface fluxes - Surface thermal boundary condition

关键词： Air-sea coupled system Ocean surface fluxes Surface thermal boundary condition

Role of inflammation and infection in the pathogenesis of human acute liver failure: clinical implications for monitoring and therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第26期22卷 5958-5970页

作者： Mhairi c Donnelly peter c Hayes Kenneth J Simpson Department of Hepatology and Scottish Liver Transplant Unit Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

Acute liver failure is a rare and devastating clinical condition. At present, emergency liver transplantation is the only life-saving therapy in advanced cases, yet the feasibility of transplantation is affected by the presence of systemic inflammation, infection and resultant multiorgan failure. The importance of immune dysregulation and acquisition of infection in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and its associated complications is now recognised. In this review we discuss current thinking regarding the role of infection and inflammation in the pathogenesis of and outcome in human acute liver failure, the implications for the management of such patients and suggest directions for future research.

关键词： Inflammation Neuroinflammation Acute liver failure Biomarker Infection

Fifty Years of Water Sensitive Urban Design, Salisbury, South Australia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 63-72页

作者： John c. Radcliffe Declan Page Bruce Naumann peter Dillon cSIRO Land and Water Private Bag 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia city of Salisbury 12 James St Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia

Australia has developed extensive policies and guidelines for the management of its water. The city of Salisbury, located within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, developed rapidly through urbanisation from the 1970s. Water sensitive urban design principles were adopted to maximise the use of the increased rim-off generated by urbanisation and ameliorate flood risk. Managed aquifer recharge was introduced for storing remediated low-salinity stormwater by aquifer storage and recovery （ASR） in a brackish aquiter for subsequent lrngatlon. Ibis paper outlines now a municipal government has progressively adopted principles of Water Sensitive Urban Design during its development within a framework of evolving national water policies. Salisbury＇s success with stormwater harvesting led to the formation of a pioneering w aterbusiness that includes linking projects from nine sites to provide a non-potable supply of 5 ×10^6 m^3 year. These installations hosted a number of applied research projects addressing well configuration, water quality, reliability and economics and facilitated the evaluation of its system as a potential potable water source. The evaluation showed that while untreated stonnwater contained contaminants, subsurface storage and end-use controls were sufficient to make recovered water sale for public open space irrigation, and with chlorination acceptable lbr third pipe supplies. Drinking water quality could be achieved by adding microfiltration, disinfection with UV and chlorination. The costs that would need to be expended to achieve drinking water safety standards were found to be considerably less than the cost of establishing dual pipe distribution systems. The full cost of supply was determined to be AUD$1.57 m ＂ for non-potable water for pubhc open space lrngatlon much cheaper than mares water, AUD $3.45 m at that time. Producing and storing potable water was found to cost AUDS1.96 to $2.24 m .

关键词： Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Stormwater harvesting Water recycling drinking water Low impact development Water sensitive urban design

An efficient synthesis of substituted benzene-1,2-dicarboxaldehydes

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Science china chemistry 2007年第2期50卷 249-252页

作者： ZHU peter c WANG Der-Haw MANI Neelakandha Advanced Sterilization Products Johnson & Johnson33 Technology DriveIrvineCA 92618USA Pharmaceutical Research and Development La Jolla Johnson & Johnson3210 Merryfield RowSan DiegoCA 92121USA

Substituted-benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehydes were synthesized by the reaction of substituted-1,2-bis(dibromomethyl) benzenes with fuming sulfuric acid,followed by hydrolysis. The yields were signifi-cantly improved by intr... 详细信息

关键词： aromatic aldehyde 1 2-bis(dibromomethyl) arene hydrolysis oxidation sodium bicarbonate fuming sulfuric acid