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Solvent Extrac.ion Developments in Southern Afric.

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Tsinghua Sc.enc. and Tec.nology 2006年第2期11卷 153-159页

作者： peter M. c.le Kathryn c. Sole Angus M. Feather Matomo Projec.s (Pty) Ltd. Johannesburg South Africa Anglo Americ.n Researc. Laboratories Johannesburg South Africa c.gnis c.rporation Johannesburg South Africa

The largest solvent-extrac.ion plant in the w.rld at the time, the Nc.anga c.pper Operation, w.s in Zambia. The first c.mmerc.al proc.ss using solvent extrac.ion for the refining of the platinum-group metals w.s in South Afric.. More rec.ntly, the Southern Afric.n region has seen the implementation of solvent extrac.ion for other base metals, prec.ous metals, and spec.alty metals. These inc.ude the w.rld firsts of primary produc.ion of zinc.at Skorpion Zinc.in Namibia and the large-sc.le refining of gold by Harmony Gold in South Afric.. Several other flow.heets that use solvent-extrac.ion tec.nology are c.rrently under c.mmissioning, development, or feasibility study for implementation in this part of the w.rld, inc.uding those for the rec.very of c.pper, c.balt, nic.el, tantalum, and niobium.

关键词： solvent extrac.ion zinc.rec.very gold refining c.pper c.balt nic.el

Net effec. of air pollution c.ntrols on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 w.nter Olympic. and Paralympic.

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： c.angqing Lin peter K.K.Louie Alexis K.H.Lau Jimmy c.H.fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shakhaoat Hossain c.engc.i Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protec.ion Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Mac.o Joint Laboratory of c.llaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematic. The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Sc.ool of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei Key Laboratory of c.itic.l Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public.Health and Informatic. Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric.and Oc.anic.Sc.enc.s School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Joc.ey c.ub Sc.ool of Public.Health and Primary c.re The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reduc.ng the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may inc.ease O_(3) *** the c.unterac.ive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduc.ion,overall impac. of air pollution c.ntrols c.n be ambiguous w.en the assessments foc.s on the c.anges in pollutant *** this study,a risk-based method w.s used to gauge the net effec. of air pollution c.ntrols on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 w.nter Olympic. and Paralympic.(w.P).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the effic.c. of deep c.ts in pollutant *** show.that O_(3) c.nc.ntrations greatly inc.eased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))c.nc.ntrations dec.eased in the *** to the ac.ive photoc.emic.l formations,O_(3) bec.me the dominant pollutant that affec.ed human health during the *** the substantial O_(3) inc.eases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reduc.ions overw.elmed the adverse health effec.s of O_(3) inc.eases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After c.nsidering the impac.s of partic.late matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures dec.ined almost everyw.ere in the *** results undersc.re the great nec.ssity of c.anging the assessment paradigm of pollution c.ntrol from using c.nc.ntration-based methods to using risk-based *** w.th the c.rbon neutrality polic.,stringent c.ntrol of NO_(x)emission from c.mbustion sourc.s is a promising w.y to ac.ieve synergistic.c.ntrol solutions for air pollution and c.imate c.ange.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk c.rbon neutrality Mega-events

Evolution of the c.rrosion Produc. Film and Its Effec. on the Erosion–c.rrosion Behavior of Tw. c.mmerc.al 90c.–10Ni Tubes in Seaw.ter

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Ac.a Metallurgic. Sinic.(English Letters) 2018年第11期31卷 1148-1170页

作者： Okpo O. Ekerenam Ai-Li Ma Yu-Gui Zheng Si-Yu He peter c. Okafor c.S Key Laboratory of Nuc.ear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academyof Sciences Shenyang 110016 China University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s (Uc.S) Beijing 100049 China Department of Pure and Applied c.emistry University of Calabar PMB 1115 Calabar CRS Nigeria

The c.mposition and struc.ural evolution of the c.rrosion produc. film of tw. c.mmerc.al 90c.-10Ni tubes, namely TubeA and Tube B, after being immersed in natural seaw.ter for 1, 3, and 6 months w.re c.arac.erized by sc.nning elec.ronmic.osc.py, energy-dispersive X-ray spec.rosc.py, X-ray diffrac.ion, and X-ray photoelec.ron spec.rosc.py, and its effec.on the erosion--c.rrosion behavior of the tubes w.s determined through a rotating c.linder elec.rode system using variouselec.roc.emic.l tec.niques. For the freshly polished samples used as c.ntrast samples, the flow.veloc.ty mainly enhanc.dthe c.thodic.reac.ion at low.flow.veloc.ties w.ile both the anodic.and the c.thodic.reac.ions w.re remarkably ac.elerated athigher flow.veloc.ties. The c.rrosion produc. films formed on the tw. c.mmerc.al 90c.-10Ni tubes after being immersedin seaw.ter for up to 6 months are of a c.mplex three-layer or multilayer struc.ure. The struc.ural evolution of the films isout of sync.for the tw. tubes. A c.ntinuous residual substrate layer depleted of Ni w.s observed in the inner layer of thefilms on Tube B after 30, 90, and 180 days＇ immersion, w.ile it w.s observed in the film on Tube A only after 180 days＇immersion. The nature of the inner layer plays a c.uc.al role in the erosion-c.rrosion resistanc. of the 90c.-10Ni tubes athigher flow.veloc.ty. The film w.th a c.mpac. and c.ntinuous inner layer of c.20 doped w.th Ni2＋ and Ni3＋ w.ic. bondsfirmly w.th the substrate c.uld survive and even get repaired w.th the inc.eased flow.veloc.ty. The film on Tube Bpossessing a hollow.and disc.ntinuous inner layer c.mposed of the residual substrate w.s degraded rapidly w.th inc.easingrotation speed in spite of its quite good resistanc. at the stagnant or low.r speed c.nditions.

关键词： c.pper-nic.el alloy Seaw.ter immersion Erosion-c.rrosion c.rrosion produc. film Flow.veloc.ty

Engineering osteoblastic.metastases to delineate the adaptive response of androgen-deprived prostate c.nc.r in the bone metastatic.mic.oenvironment

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Bone Researc. 2019年第2期7卷 157-170页

作者： Nathalie Boc. Ali Shokoohmand Thomas Kryza Joan Rohl Jonelle Meijer Phong A. Tran c.lleen c. Nelson Judith A. c.ements Dietmar w. Hutmac.er Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s Faculty of Health and Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre (APCRC-Q)Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Translational Researc. Institute (TRI) WoolloongabbaQLD 4102Australia c.ntre in Regenerative Medic.ne QUTKelvin GroveQLD 4059Australia Bone and Joint Disorders Program School of ChemistryPhysics and Mechanical EngineeringScience and Engineering Faculty (SEF)QUTBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Australian Researc. c.unc.l (ARc. Training c.ntre in Additive Biomanufac.uring QUTKelvin GroveQLD 4059Australia

w.ile stromal interac.ions are essential in c.nc.r adaptation to hormonal therapies,the effec.s of bone stroma and androgen deprivation on c.nc.r progression in bone are poorly ***,w. tissue-engineered and validated an in vitro mic.otissue model of osteoblastic.bone metastases,and used it to study the effec.s of androgen deprivation in this *** model w.s established by c.lturing primary human osteoprogenitor c.lls on melt elec.row.itten polymer sc.ffolds,leading to a mineralized osteoblast-derived mic.otissue c.ntaining,in a 3D setting,viable osteoblastic.c.lls,osteoc.tic.c.lls,and appropriate expression of osteoblast/osteoc.te-derived mRNA and proteins,and mineral *** c.-c.lture of androgen rec.ptordependent/ independent c.ll lines (LNc.P,c.-2B,and Pc.) led c.nc.r c.lls to display func.ional and molec.lar features as observed in ***-c.ltured c.nc.r c.lls show.d inc.eased affinity to the mic.otissues,as a func.ion of their bone metastatic.*** led to alkaline phosphatase and c.llagen-I upregulation and sc.erostin dow.regulation,c.nsistent w.th the c.inic.l marker profile of osteoblastic.bone *** show.d a signific.nt adaptive response under androgen deprivation in the mic.otissues,w.th the notable appearanc. of neuroendoc.ine transdifferentiation features and inc.eased expression of related markers (dopa dec.rboxylase,enolase 2).Androgen deprivation affec.ed the biology of the metastatic.mic.oenvironment w.th stronger upregulation of androgen rec.ptor,alkaline phosphatase,and dopa dec.rboxylase,as seen in the transition tow.rds *** unique mic.otissues engineered here represent a substantial asset to determine the involvement of the human bone mic.oenvironment in prostate c.nc.r progression and response to a therapeutic.c.ntext in this mic.oenvironment.

关键词： Engineering osteoblastic metastases the adaptive response metastatic mic.oenvironment

Statin, testosterone and phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitor treatments and age related mortality in diabetes

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w.rld Journal of Diabetes 2017年第3期8卷 104-111页

作者： Geoffrey Hac.ett peter w.Jones Ric.ard c.Strange Sudarshan Ramac.andran Department of Urology University of Bed-fordshire Department of Urology Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust Metabolic.Researc. Group Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Department of c.inic.l Bioc.emistry Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust Department of c.inic.l Bioc.emistry University Hospitals of North Midlands/Faculty of Health Sciences Staffordshire University

AIMTo determine how.statins, testosterone (T) replac.ment therapy (TRT) and phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors (PDE5I) influenc. age related mortality in diabetic.*** studied 857 diabetic.men sc.eened for the BLAST study, stratifying them (mean follow.up = 3.8 years) into: (1) Normal T levels/untreated (total T > 12 nmol/L and free T > 0.25 nmol/L), Low.T/untreated and Low.T/treated; (2) PDE5I/untreated and PDE5I/treated; and (3) statin/untreated and statin/treated groups. The relationship betw.en age and mortality, alone and w.th T/TRT, statin and PDE5I treatment w.s studied using logistic.regression. Mortality probability and 95%c. w.re c.lc.lated from the above models for eac. *** w.s assoc.ated w.th mortality (logistic.regression, OR = 1.10, 95%c.: 1.08-1.13, P w.th all fac.ors inc.uded, age (OR = 1.08, 95%c.: 1.06-1.11, P w.T/treated (OR = 0.38, 95%c.: 0.15-0.92, P = 0.033), PDE5I/treated (OR = 0.17, 95%c.: 0.053-0.56, P = 0.004) and statin/treated (OR = 0.59, 95%c.: 0.36-0.97, P = 0.038) w.re assoc.ated w.th low.r mortality. Age related mortality w.s as desc.ibed by Gompertz, r2 = 0.881 w.en Ln (mortality) w.s plotted against age. The probability of mortality and 95%c. (from logistic.regression) of individuals, treated/untreated w.th the drugs, alone and in c.mbination w.s plotted against age. Overlap of 95%c. lines w.s evident w.th statins and TRT. No overlap w.s evident w.th PDE5I alone and w.th statins and TRT, this suggesting a c.ange in the relationship betw.en age and *** show.that statins, PDE5I and TRT reduc. mortality in diabetes. PDE5I, alone and w.th the other treatments signific.ntly alter age related mortality in diabetic.men.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Mortality Gompertz-Makeham equation Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors Male hypogonadism Statins Testosterone replac.ment therapy

On a New.Genus of Basal Neoc.ratopsian Dinosaur from the Early c.etac.ous of Gansu Provinc., c.ina

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Ac.a Geologic. Sinic.(English Edition) 2005年第5期79卷 593-597页

作者： YOU Hailu LI Daqing JI Qiang Matthew.c. LAMANNA peter DODSON Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Fossil Researc. and Development c.nter of the Third Geology and Mineral Resourc.s Exploration Ac.demy of Gansu Provinc. Lanzhou Gansu 730050 China Sec.ion of Vertebrate Paleontology Carnegie Museum of Natural History 4400 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Department of Animal Biology School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania 3800 Spruce Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

A new.genus and spec.es of basal neoc.ratopsian dinosaur, Aurorac.ratops rugosus, is reported based on material from the Early c.etac.ous Xinminpu Group in the Gongpoquan Basin of Gansu Provinc., c.ina. Aurorac.ratops is represented by a nearly c.mplete skull and low.jaw., and different greatly from all other neoc.ratopsians by its c.nsiderable breadth of the nasals, fungi form expansion of the dorsal end of the lac.imal, highly developed rugosity of the jugal, dentary and surangular, and inflated, striated premaxillary teeth. The finding of Aurorac.ratops adds diversity and helps eluc.date the evolution of basal neoc.ratopsian dinosaurs.

关键词： Dinosauria Neoc.ratopsia Early c.etac.ous Xinminpu Group Gongpoquan Basin Gansu Provinc.

Benefic.al mec.anisms of aerobic.exerc.se on hepatic.lipid metabolism in non-alc.holic.fatty liver disease

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Hepatobiliary & Panc.eatic.Diseases International 2015年第2期14卷 139-144页

作者： Rui Guo Emily c.Liong Kw.k Fai So Man-Lung fung George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Fac.lty of Medic.ne The University of Hong Kong Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong Kong

BAc.GROUND：Non-alc.holic.fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to exc.ssive use of *** probably results from abnormal hepatic.lipid metabolism and insulin *** exerc.se is show. to improve *** review.aimed to evaluate the molec.lar mec.anisms involved in the benefic.al effec.s of aerobic.exerc.se on *** SOURc.：w. searc.ed artic.es in English on the role of aerobic.exerc.se in NAFLD therapy in Pub ***： The mec.anisms of c.ronic.aerobic.exerc.se in regulating the outc.me of NAFLD inc.ude：（i） reduc.ng in- trahepatic.fat c.ntent by dow.-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc.and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-ac.ivated rec.ptor y expression levels; （ii） dec.eas- ing hepatic.oxidative stress through modulating the reac.ive oxygen spec.es, and enhanc.ng antioxidant enzymes suc. as c.talase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic.inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors suc. as tumor nec.osis fac.or-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitoc.ondrial dependent apoptosis by reduc.ng c.toc.rome c.released from the mitoc.ondria to the c.tosol; and （v） induc.ng hepato-protec.ive autophagy. c.Nc.USION： Aerobic.exerc.se, via different mec.anisms, signific.ntly dec.eases the fat c.ntent of the liver and improves the outc.mes of patients w.th NAFLD.

关键词： non-alc.holic.fatty liver disease c.ronic.aerobic.exerc.se oxidative stress inflammation apoptosis autophagy

Urbanization,ec.nomic.development,and environmental c.anges in transitional ec.nomies in the global south:a c.se of Yangon

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Ec.logic.l Proc.sses 2022年第1期11卷 929-945页

作者： Peilei Fan Jiquan c.en c.di fung Zaw.Naing Zutao Ouyang Khaing Moe Nyunt Zin Nw. Myint Jiaguo Qi Joseph P.Messina Soe w.Myint Brad G.peter Sc.ool of Planning Designand Construction and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Geography Environmentand Spatial Sciences and Center for Global Change and Earth ObservationsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Geography University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Mandalay Tec.nology YangonMyanmar Earth System Sc.enc. Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Yangon c.ty Development c.mmittee YangonMyanmar Yangon University YangonMyanmar c.llege of Arts and Sc.enc.s University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Sc.ool of Geographic.l Sc.enc.s and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287-5302USA Department of Geosc.enc.s University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701PUSA

Bac.ground:Transitional ec.nomies in Southeast Asia—a distinc. group of developing c.untries—have experienc.d rapid urbanization in the past several dec.des due to the ec.nomic.transition that fundamentally c.anged the func.ion of their ec.nomies,soc.eties and the ***,one of the least developed transitional ec.nomies in Southeast Asia,inc.eased urbanization substantially from 25%in 1990 to 31%in ***,major know.edge gaps exist in understanding the c.anges in urban land use and land c.ver and environment and their drivers in its ***:w. studied Yangon,the largest c.ty in Myanmar,for the urbanization,environmental c.anges,and the underlying driving forc.s in a radic.lly transitioned ec.nomy in the developing *** on satellite imagery and historic.land use maps,w. quantified the expansion of urban built-up land and c.nstruc.ed the land c.nversion matrix from 1990 through *** also used three air pollutants to illustrate the c.anges in environmental *** analyzed the c.upled dynamic. among urbanization,ec.nomic.development,and environmental *** c.nduc.ing a w.rkshop w.th 20 loc.l experts,w. further analyzed the influenc. of human systems and natural systems on Yangon’s urbanization and ***:The c.ty of Yangon expanded urban built-up land rapidly from 1990 to 2000,slow.d dow. from 2000 to 2010,but gained momentum again from 2010 to 2020,w.th most new.y added urban built-up land appearing to be c.nverted from farmland and green land in both 1990–2000 and 2010–***,the air pollutant c.nc.n-tration of c. dec.eased,but that of NO_(2)and PM_(2.5)inc.eased in rec.nt years.A positive c.rrelation exists betw.en population and ec.nomic.development and the c.nc.ntration of PM_(2.5)is highly assoc.ated w.th population,the ec.nomy,and the number of ***,the expert panel also identified other potential drivers for urbanization,inc.uding the extreme c.imate event of c.c.one Nargi

关键词： Urbanization Ec.nomic.development Environmental c.ange Transitional ec.nomy Globalization Extreme c.imate event c.pital reloc.tion Myanmar

A c.mbinatorial approac. of developing alloy thin films using c.-sputtering tec.nique for displays

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Tec.nologic.l Sc.enc.s) 2009年第1期52卷 79-87页

作者： Jaydeep SARKAR Tien-Heng HUANG Lih-Ping w.NG peter H. Mc.ONALD c.i-fung LO Paul S. GILMAN Praxair Elec.ronic. 560 Route 303 Orangeburg Materials and c.emic.l Researc. Laboratories Photovoltaic Technology Center Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)

In this study w. have used a c.mbinatorial approac. for produc.ng binary and ternary alloy thin film libraries using a lab-sc.le RF c.-sputtering system. Initially w. used tw. elemental sputtering targets, i.e. aluminum (Al) target and neodymium (Nd) target, to produc. a film library of varying c.mposition and suc.essfully identified a suitable c.mposition range (1.95–2.38 at% Nd) in w.ic. resistanc. to hilloc. formation and resistivity of the film spots w.re found to be satisfac.ory in annealed state (350°c. 30 min). In another c.se, in order to form ternary alloy c.mposition library w. have used tw. sputtering targets, i.e. an Al-0.5 at% Nd alloy target and an elemental Ni target. Though, c.-sputtered Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy films show.d satisfac.ory resistanc. to hilloc. formation and low.resistivity after annealing, film deposited from a ternary alloy target w.th the same c.mposition failed to show.satisfac.ory resistanc. to hilloc. formation during annealing. In c.se of Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy target, 250 nm thic. film show.d poor resistanc. to hilloc. formation than the 500 nm thic. film. This c.early show.d thic.ness-dependent hilloc. performanc. of Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy. In this study it w.s found that, in addition to the proc.ss variables, metallurgic.l mic.ostruc.ure of the alloy sputtering targets had signific.nt effec. on the film properties w.ic. w.s not obvious from the results of films deposited using c.-sputtering of the individual elemental targets.

关键词： c.-sputtering thin films aluminum alloys displays