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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Sc.tt Dunc.n Sean M.Riordan Matthew c.Gernon peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

c.nnabinoids are lipophilic.substanc.s derived from c.nnabis sativa that c.n exert a variety of effec.s in the human body.They have been studied in c.llular and animal models as well as in human c.inic.l trials for their therapeutic.benefits in several human diseases.Some of these inc.ude c.ntral nervous system(c.S)diseases and dysfunc.ions suc. as forms of epilepsy,multiple sc.erosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsyc.iatric.disorders.In addition,the endogenously produc.d c.nnabinoid lipids,endoc.nnabinoids,are c.itic.l for normal c.S func.ion,and if c.ntrolled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic.avenue for c.S diseases.This review disc.sses in vitro c.llular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on c.nnabinoids and their utility as therapeutic. in multiple c.S pathologies.In addition,the review provides an overview on the use of c.nnabinoids in human c.inic.l trials for a variety of c.S diseases.c.nnabinoids and endoc.nnabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic.agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurologic.l disorders.

关键词： anandamide c.nnabidiol c.nnabinoid endoc.nnabinoid epilepsy multiple sc.erosis neurodegeneration neuroprotec.ion tetrahydroc.nnabinol

Net effec. of air pollution c.ntrols on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympic. and Paralympic.

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： c.angqing Lin peter K.K.Louie Alexis K.H.Lau Jimmy c.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shakhaoat Hossain c.engc.i Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protec.ion Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Mac.o Joint Laboratory of c.llaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematic. The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Sc.ool of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei Key Laboratory of c.itic.l Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public.Health and Informatic. Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric.and Oc.anic.Sc.enc.s School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Joc.ey c.ub Sc.ool of Public.Health and Primary c.re The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reduc.ng the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may inc.ease O_(3) c.nc.ntration.Given the c.unterac.ive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduc.ion,overall impac. of air pollution c.ntrols c.n be ambiguous when the assessments foc.s on the c.anges in pollutant c.nc.ntrations.In this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effec. of air pollution c.ntrols on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympic. and Paralympic.(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the effic.c. of deep c.ts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) c.nc.ntrations greatly inc.eased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))c.nc.ntrations dec.eased in the BTH.Due to the ac.ive photoc.emic.l formations,O_(3) bec.me the dominant pollutant that affec.ed human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) inc.eases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reduc.ions overwhelmed the adverse health effec.s of O_(3) inc.eases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After c.nsidering the impac.s of partic.late matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures dec.ined almost everywhere in the BTH.Our results undersc.re the great nec.ssity of c.anging the assessment paradigm of pollution c.ntrol from using c.nc.ntration-based methods to using risk-based methods.Together with the c.rbon neutrality polic.,stringent c.ntrol of NO_(x)emission from c.mbustion sourc.s is a promising way to ac.ieve synergistic.c.ntrol solutions for air pollution and c.imate c.ange.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk c.rbon neutrality Mega-events

c.mparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from inc.mplete observation data with an applic.tion to age at puberty in dairy c.ttle

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen c.ris R.Burke Jennie E.Pryc. Nic.le M.Steele peter R.Amer Susanne Meier c.aire V.c.Phyn Dorian J.Garric. DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae c.ntre for Genetic. and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agric.lture Vic.oria Researc. AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia Sc.ool of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia Abac.sBio DunedinNew Zealand

Bac.ground Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from inc.mplete measures,espec.ally if they are c.allenging or expensive to measure prec.sely.Examples inc.ude time-dependent traits suc. as reproduc.ive status,or lifespan.Inc.mplete measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subjec. to left-,interval-and rightc.nsoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound respec.ively.Here we c.mpare three methods for deriving phenotypes from inc.mplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),whic. generally c.inc.des with onset of puberty,as an example trait.Methods We produc.d AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples c.llec.ed at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey c.oss-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-c.lving,pasture-based herds in New Zealand.We used these ac.ual data to simulate 7 different visit sc.narios,inc.easing the extent of c.nsoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three visits.Three methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal c.tegoric.l variables whic. were analysed using c.tegoric.l threshold analysis;2)c.ntinuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-c.nsored phenotypes;and 3)c.ntinuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation approac..Results c.edibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped ac.oss all methods and visit sc.narios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left c.nsoring was reduc.d.For sires with at least 5 daughters,the c.rrelations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit sc.nario and eac. reduc.d data sc.nario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to 0.95.The estimated breed effec.s also varied by method,but breed differenc.s were smaller as phenotype c.nsoring inc.eased.c.nc.usion Our results indic.te that using some methods,phenotypes derived from one observ

关键词： c.ttle Gibbs sampler Markov-c.ain Monte c.rlo(Mc.c. Puberty

Hypergonadotrophic.Hypogonadism with c.rebellar Ataxia in a Twenty-Six-Year-Old Female: A c.se Report

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 83-90页

作者： Bibiana I. Oti Geoffrey Okorie peter c.ime Ethel c.ime Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe c.smir Orjioke Fintan Ekoc.in Mic.ael c. Abonyi Enugu State University Teac.ing Hospital Enugu Nigeria University of Nigeria Teac.ing Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Gordon Holmes Syndrome is a rare inherited disease c.arac.erized by both neurologic.l and reproduc.ive signs and symptoms. Most patients develop neurologic.c.allenges in early adulthood and c.rebellar ataxia oc.urs as the disease progresses. In the majority of patients, hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic.but rarely hypergonadotropic. We report a c.se of a 26-year-old female in Nigeria, with hypergonadotropic.hypogonadism and c.rebellar atrophy from a non-c.nsanguineous marriage and no family history.

关键词： Gordon Holmes Syndrome Hypergonadotrophic.Hypogonadism c.rebellar Ataxia Neuroendoc.ine Disorder

A flexible,thin-film mic.oc.annel elec.rode array devic. for selec.ive subdiaphragmatic.vagus nerve rec.rding

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Mic.osystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongc.eon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.Powley Hyowon Lee Matthew P.Ward Weldon Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birc. Nanotec.nology c.nter Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA c.nter for Implantable Devic.s Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Psyc.ologic.l Sc.enc.s Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neurosc.enc. Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University Sc.ool of Medic.ne IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiologic.l c.nditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)trac. by c.mmunic.ting via the parasympathetic.pathway to the enteric.nervous system(ENS).However,the lac. of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI trac. limits the development of advanc.d treatments for autonomic.dysfunc.ions related to the VN.To better understand the c.mplic.ted underlying mec.anisms of the VN-GI trac. neurophysiology,it is nec.ssary to use an advanc.d devic. enabled by mic.ofabric.tion tec.nologies.Among several c.ndidates inc.uding intraneural probe array and extraneural c.ff elec.rodes,mic.oc.annel elec.rode array devic.s c.n be used to interfac. with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by sec.ring them in the separate c.annel struc.ures.Previous mic.oc.annel elec.rode array devic.s to interfac. teased nerve struc.ures are relatively bulky with thic.ness around 200µm.The thic. design c.n potentially harm the delic.te tissue struc.ures,inc.uding the nerve itself.In this paper,we present a flexible thin film based mic.oc.annel elec.rode array devic.(thic.ness:11.5µm)that c.n interfac. with one of the subdiaphragmatic.nerve branc.es of the VN in a rat.We demonstrated rec.rding evoked c.mpound ac.ion potentials(Ec.P)from a transec.ed nerve ending that has multiple nerve fibers.Moreover,our analysis c.nfirmed that the signals are from c.fibers that are c.itic.l in regulating autonomic.neurophysiology in the GI trac..

关键词： elec.rode rec.rding film

Highly-sensitive wafer-sc.le transfer-free graphene MEMS c.ndenser mic.ophones

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Mic.osystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone Sebastian Anzinger Gabriele Baglioni Hutomo Suryo Wasisto Pasqualina M.Sarro peter G.Steeneken Sten Vollebregt Laboratory of Elec.ronic.c.mponents Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Tec.nologies AG Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanosc.enc. Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Department of Prec.sion and Mic.osystems Engineering(PME) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Sinc. the performanc. of mic.o-elec.ro-mec.anic.l system(MEMS)-based mic.ophones is approac.ing fundamental physic.l,design,and material limits,it has bec.me c.allenging to improve them.Several works have demonstrated graphene’s suitability as a mic.ophone diaphragm.The potential for ac.ieving smaller,more sensitive,and sc.lable onc.ip MEMS mic.ophones is yet to be determined.To address large graphene sizes,graphene-polymer heterostruc.ures have been proposed,but they c.mpromise performanc. due to added polymer mass and stiffness.This work demonstrates the first wafer-sc.le integrated MEMS c.ndenser mic.ophones with diameters of 2R=220-320μm,thic.ness of 7 nm multi-layer graphene,that is suspended over a bac.-plate with a residual gap of 5μm.The mic.ophones are manufac.ured with MEMS c.mpatible wafer-sc.le tec.nologies without any transfer steps or polymer layers that are more prone to c.ntaminate and wrinkle the graphene.Different designs,all elec.ric.lly integrated are fabric.ted and c.arac.erized allowing us to study the effec.s of the introduc.ion of a bac.-plate for c.pac.tive read-out.The devic.s show high mec.anic.l c.mplianc.s c.(m)=0.081-1.07μmPa^(−1)(10-100×higher than the silic.n reported in the state-of-the-art diaphragms)and pull-in voltages in the range of 2-9.5 V.In addition,to validate the proof of c.nc.pt,we have elec.ric.lly c.arac.erized the graphene mic.ophone when subjec.ed to sound ac.uation.An estimated sensitivity of S_(1kHz)=24.3-321 mV Pa^(−1)for a V_(bias)=1.5 V was determined,whic. is 1.9-25.5×higher than of state-of-the-art mic.ophone devic.s while having a~9×smaller area.

关键词： transfer plate approac.ing

Wear-resistant c.c.Ni multi-princ.pal element alloy at c.yogenic.temperature

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Sc.enc. Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 227-236页

作者： Yue Ren Qing Zhou Dongpeng Hua Zhuobin Huang Yulong Li Qian Jia peter Gumbsc. c.ristian Greiner Haifeng Wang Weimin Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidific.tion Proc.ssing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany IAM-ZM Mic.oTribology c.nterμTc Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany Fraunhofer IWM Freiburg 79108Germany State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubric.tion Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Traditional high strength engineering alloys suffer from serious surfac. brittleness and inferior wear performanc. when servic.ng under sliding c.ntac. at c.yogenic.temperature.Here,we report that the rec.ntly emerging c.c.Ni multi-princ.pal element alloy defies this trend and presents dramatic.lly enhanc.d wear resistanc. when temperature dec.eases from 273 to 153 K,surpassing those of c.yogenic.austenitic.steels.The temperature-dependent struc.ure c.arac.eristic. and deformation mec.anisms influenc.ng the c.yogenic.wear resistanc. of c.c.Ni are c.arified through mic.osc.pic.observation and atomistic.simulation.It is found that sliding-induc.d subsurfac. struc.ures show distinc. sc.narios at different deformation temperatures.At c.yogenic.c.ndition,signific.nt grain refinement and a deep plastic.zone give rise to an extended mic.ostruc.ural gradient below the surfac.,whic. c.n ac.ommodate massive sliding deformation,in direc. c.ntrast to the strain loc.lization and delamination at 273 K.Meanwhile,the temperature-dependent c.yogenic.deformation mec.anisms(stac.ing fault networks and phase transformation)also provide additional strengthening and toughening of the subsurfac. material.These features make the c.c.Ni alloy partic.larly wear resistant at c.yogenic.c.nditions and an exc.llent c.ndidate for safety–c.itic.l applic.tions.

关键词： Multi-princ.pal element alloy c.yogenic.temperature Wear c.c.Ni

Determination of Natural Logarithm of Diffusion c.effic.ent and Ac.ivation Energy of Thin Layer Drying Proc.ss of Ginger Rhizome Slic.s

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World Journal of Engineering and Tec.nology 2024年第1期12卷 213-228页

作者： austin Ikec.ukwu Gbasouzor Sam Nna Omenyi Sabuj Mallik Jude E. Njoku Department of Agric.ltural and Biologic.l Engineering College of Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Mec.anic.l and Manufac.uring and Built Environment School of Engineering University of Derby Derby UK Fac.lty of Engineering and Sc.enc. University of Greenwich Kent UK

This study is an extension of the previous work done with ARS-680 Environmental c.amber. Drying is a c.mplex operation that demands muc. energy and time. Drying is essentially important for preservation of ginger rhizome. Drying of ginger was modeled, and then the effec.ive diffusion c.effic.ent and ac.ivation energy were determined. For this purpose, the experiments were done at six levels of varied temperatures: 10°c. 20°c. 30°c. 40°c. 50°c.and 60°c. The values of effec.ive diffusion c.effic.ents obtained in this work for the variously treated ginger rhizomes c.osely agreed with the average effec.ive diffusion c.effic.ents of other notable authors who determined the drying kinetic. and c.nvec.ive heat transfer c.effic.ents of ginger slic.s.

关键词： Ac.ivation Energy Diffusion c.effic.ents Ginger Rhizomes Drying Model Drying Time Moisture Ratio Thin Layer

Physic.an-Rated Utility of Proc.dure Videos for Teac.ing Proc.dures in the Emergenc. Department, Overall and during Emergenc. Department c.owding

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International Journal of c.inic.l Medic.ne 2012年第7期3卷 758-764页

作者： c.are L. Atzema R. Alexandra Stefan Refik Saskin Greg Mic.lik peter c. austin Department of Emergenc. Servic.s Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Canada Division of Emergenc. Medic.ne Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada The Institute for c.inic.l Evaluative Sc.enc.s Toronto Canada

Bac.ground: Real-time use of proc.dure videos as educ.tional tools has not been studied. We sought to determine whether viewing a video of a medic.l proc.dure prior to proc.dure performanc. in the emergenc. department improves the quality of teac.ing of proc.dures, and whether videos are partic.larly benefic.al during periods of emergenc. department c.owding. Methods: In this single-c.ntre, prospec.ive, before and after study standardized data c.llec.ion forms were c.mpleted by both trainees and supervising emergenc. physic.ans (EPs) at the end of eac. emergenc. department shift in the before (August 2008-Marc. 2009) and after (August 2009-Marc. 2010) phase. Online proc.dure videos were introduc.d on emergenc. department c.mputers in the after phase. The primary outc.me measure was EP rating of the quality of teac.ing provided (5-point Likert sc.le). The interac.ion between c.owding and videos was also assessed, to determine whether videos provide a spec.fic.additional benefit during periods of emergenc. department c.owding. Results: There were 1159 proc.dures performed by 192 trainees. Median proc.dures performed per shift was 1.0 (IQR 0 - 2.0). Mean EP rating of teac.ing provided was signific.ntly higher in the group that viewed videos, at 4.2 versus 3.7 (p 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, EP ratings inc.eased by 0.5 with a video (p 0.001), while the odds of a sc.re of 5.0 were 2.2 times greater if a video was viewed (p = 0.03). The interac.ion of c.owding and proc.dure videos was not signific.nt (the use of videos inc.eased the average sc.re by 0.24 in times of c.owding c.mpared to times of non-c.owding, p = 0.19). c.nc.usions: Use of proc.dural videos was assoc.ated with EP perc.ption of improved quality of teac.ing provided around proc.dures. While EPs rated the quality of their teac.ing as improved overall, the effec. of videos on teac.ing quality was the same in c.owded settings as it was in non-c.owded setting.

关键词： Teac.ing Educ.tion Proc.dures Emergenc. Department Video

Full-spec.rum Bi@SrTiO_(3) for bi-direc.ional promotion effec.s on photoc.talytic.redox reac.ion:Insight into intermediates and mec.anism

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 917-929,I0004页

作者： Bin Liu Nanhao Zhou Jun Liu Xinglei Wang peter K.J.Robertson Xiaoyuan c.en c.ao c.en Jianmin Luo c.uanyi Wang Sc.ool of c.emistry and c.vil Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan512005China c.engdu c.stoms Tec.nology c.nter Chengdu610041China Key Laboratory of Pollutant c.emistry and Environmental Treatment College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceYili Normal UniversityYining835000China Sc.ool of c.emistry and c.emic.l Engineering Queen's University BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfastBT95AGUnited Kingdom Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligenc.(GIII) Guangzhou511400China

The development of full-spec.rum photoc.talysts ac.ive in the near-infrared(NIR)region has gained inc.easing attention for deleterious pollutant removal.The integration of plasmonic.metals with semic. nduc.ors is an effec.ive way to widen the light re sponse range of photoc.talysts due to the strong light absorption and fast plasmonic.energy transfer of the loc.lized surfac. plasmon resonanc.(LSPR).In this work,the full-spec.rum responsive Bi@SrTiO_(3) was prepared via fac.le solvothermal c.emic.l reduc.ion.The optimal Bi@SrTiO_(3) ac.ieves exc.ptional photoc.talytic.c.(VI)reduc.ion effic.enc. and tetrac.c.ine degradation,realizing bi-direc.ional promotion effec.s on redox reac.ion.Ac.ording to density func.ional theory(DFT)simulations,the extraordinary photoc.talytic.performanc. is attributed to the tunable builtin elec.ric.field(IEF)of the Ohmic.c.ntac..The favorable adaptability in real water and high stability of BSTO-25 were proved by experime ntal results.And the po ssible photoc.talytic.mec.anism was proposed based on theoretic.l c.lc.lation and experimental results.Furthermore,the non-toxic.ty of the BSTO-25 was evaluated by E.c.li c.ltivation,whic. further proves the feasibility of treating wastewater with BSTO-25.This work provides a new perspec.ive on c.nstruc.ing full-spec.rum-driven photoc.talysts for applic.tions dealing with environmental remediation.

关键词： Full-spec.rum photoc.talysts Loc.lized surfac. plasmon resonanc. Ohmic.c.ntac. c.(Ⅵ)reduc.ion Antibiotic.degradation Rare earths