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Dental Anxiety among Danish Adults—Comparison of Recent Website Data and Older Telephone Data with Government Demographic Statistics

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2017年第12期7卷 530-544页

作者： Rod Moore peter bering Dental Anxiety Research & Treatment Center Department of Dentistry Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark Department of Public Health Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Background: Survey quality, in particular sampling, coverage, and issues of representativity, are important for valid and reliable conclusions from epidemiological data. Dental anxiety (DA) still challenges dental clinicians since it is synonymous with care avoidance. Accurate estimates of DA are important for public health. Aims were to 1) assess demographic representativity (age/ gender) of a 2013-14 web survey and a 1992-93 telephone survey about DA in Danish adults aged 16 - 80 yr using government statistics;2) assess DA frequency and characteristics from web survey data (N = 701);and 3) compare web results with 1993 results. Method: Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) measured DA, while other items revealed gender, age, education, dentist avoidance, and three types of negative dentist behaviors. Analyses used frequencies, Chi- square, odds ratios (OR) and ANOVAs. Results: Samples from 1992-3 and 2013-14 were not significantly different by demographics or government statistics, with the exception of low numbers in ages 16 - 19 yr for both surveys. Ages 20 - 29 yr and 30 - 39 yr were slightly overrepresented in telephone data, while ages 50 - 59 yo were in web data. Mean DAS scores were 7.5 for both 1992-3 and 2013-14. Extreme DA (DAS 20-15) increased from 4.2% to 5.3%, while high DA (DAS ≥ 13) increased from 6% to 9.5%. Main 2013-14 associations with DAS ≥ 15 were women (OR = 4.7), avoiding dentists (OR = 11.4) and negative dentist behaviors (OR = 4.2 - 6.7) similar to 1992-3 data. Conclusion: Web survey results from this convenience sample were demographically representative for adults 20 - 80 yo and showed small changes in DA after 20 years. Future strategies regarding survey of teenagers require special attention.

关键词： Dental Anxiety Prevalence Characteristics Epidemiological Methods Subject Recruitment Web Surveys Telephone Surveys Demographic Representativity

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A Preliminary Survey of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Marsh Plants in Lhalu Wetland,Suburban Lhasa,South Tibet

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湿地科学 2010年第1期8卷 28-36页

作者： YANG Fuyu peter Christie LI Xiaolin DAI Yan LI Guizhen GAI Jingping Department of Grassland Science China Agricultural University Bering 100193 P. R. China Agricultural and Environmental Science Department Queen＇s University Belfast Newforge Lane Belfast BT 95 PX UK Department of Environmental Science and Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China

A survey was made of the spore community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and root colonization by AMF in 16 plant species in Lhalu wetland on the outskirts of Lhasa city in Tibet. It was found that 13 of the 16 plant species investigated (81. 5% ) formed arbuscular mycorrhizal structures and dark septate endophytic fungi colonized the roots of most species. Total AMF colonization ranged from 0 to 82. 6% in dicots and 0 to 54. 5% in monocots. Both total AMF and arbuscular colonization were greater in dicots than that in monocots. A total of 48 taxa representing 7 genera of AMF were isolated and identified. Of these,9 species belonged to Acaulospora,2 to Appendicispora,34 to Glomus,and 1 each to Pacispora,Paraglomus and Scutellospora. Spores of Glomus aggregatum,G. deserticola and G. etunicatum were most common and abundant in the spore survey. Spores of 8 to 26 AMF species were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of individual plant species. Spore densities in soil associated with the 16 plant species ranged from 20 to 475 per 20 g soil,with an average of (92. 3 ± 14. 6). Species richness of AMF ranged from 6 to 12. 7. There were no significant differences between dicots and monocots in AMF spore density or species richness. Future work directed towards under- standing the response of the wetland plants to AMF may provide some insight into the role that these fungal symbionts may play in influencing plant diversity in this important urban wetland.

关键词： Lhalu wetland arbuscular mycorrhiza root colonization spore density

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Interannual Variations of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Chlorophyll a in the Arctic Seas and Their Relations to ENSO and AO

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2017年第2期8卷 37-48,53页

作者： Zhang Haisheng Chen Jianfang Han Zhengbing Ji Zhongqiang Xu Xudan Han Xibing Liu Zilin peter, H.-U Vetter Walter Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry State Oceanic AdministrationHangzhou 310012China Polar&Ecology Group Institute of EcologyUniversity of JenaDornburger Str.159DE-07743 JenaGermany

To study effects of variations in climate-marine environment in the Arctic Ocean on ecology,based on the actual and reestablished data by biomarkers of algae in sediment in 1997,1999,2003,2008,and 2010,the interannual and spatial variations of phytoplankton,zooplankton and chlorophyll a concentration in the Chukchi Sea and the bering Sea as well as their relations to El Nino-Southern Oscillation( ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation( AO) were analyzed. The results show that there were spatial and temporal anomalies in the phytoplankton community structure reestablished by biomarkers of algae in the Chukchi Sea and the bering Sea in 1999 and 2010. The total content of biomarkers( brassicasterol,dinosterol,C37 alkenones and chlesterol) in sediment collected in 2010 was far lower than that in 1999,but brassicasterol was dominant in the two years,that is,diatom was dominant,which was consistent with the actual structure and distribution of phytoplankton community in 1999 and 2010; there were great changes in the dominant species of plankton in the two seas in 1999 and 2010,which could be regarded as the ecological response of the North Pole under the background of global warming. Chlorophyll a concentration in the water of the bering Sea was 0. 720 μg/dm^3 at 0 m and 0. 765μg/dm^3 at 10 m in 1997 and 0. 723 μg/dm^3 at 0 m and 0. 731 μg/dm^3 at 10 m in 2003,and the concentration was very close to each other,which was affected by El Ni1 o and the negative phase of AO. It was 0. 395 μg/dm^3 at 0 m in 1999 and 0. 399 μg/dm^3 at 0 m and 0. 357 μg/dm^3 at 10 m in 2008,which was influenced by La Ni1 a and the positive phase of AO. The phases and intensity of AO and ENSO had various effects on the quantity and dominant species of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Chukchi Sea and the bering Sea. During the period of AO with positive or negative phase and El Ni1o( in 1997 and 2003),their combination was favorable to the growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton,while the combination of

关键词： The North Pole Sea area Phytoplankton Zooplankton Chlorophyll a ENSO AO

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