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Monitoring dioxins and PCBs in eggs as sensitive indicators for environmental pollution and global contaminated sites and recommendations for reducing and controlling releases and exposure

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Emerging Contaminants 2022年第1期8卷 254-279页

作者： Jindrich Petrlik Lee Bell Joe DiGangi Serge Molly Allo'o Allo'o Gilbert Kuepouo Griffins Ochieng Ochola Valeriya Grechko Nikola Jelinek Jitka Strakova Martin Skalsky Yuyun Ismawati Drwiega Jonathan N.Hogarh Eric Akortia Sam Adu-Kumi Akarapon Teebthaisong Maria Carcamo Bjorn Beeler peter behnisch Claudia Baitinger Christine Herold Roland Weber International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN) GooteborgSweden Arnika e Toxics and Waste Programme Delnicka 13PragueCzech Republic National Toxics Network(NTN) PerthAustralia National SAICM Focal Point President of the Tenth Conference of the Parties to the Rotterdam ConventionMinistry of ForestryFisheries and EnvironmentLibrevilleGabon Centre de Recherche et d‘Education pour le Developpement(CREPD) YaoundeCameroon Centre for Environmental Justice and Development(CEJAD) NairobiKenya University of Chemistry and Technology Technicka 5PragueCzech Republic Arnika e Citizens'Support Center Delnicka 13PragueCzech Republic Nexus3 Foundation Denpasar80223Indonesia Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Ghana Atomic Energy Commission National Nuclear Research InstituteAccraRepublic of Ghana Chemicals Control and Management Centre Environmental Protection AgencyAccraGhana Ecological Alert and Recovery e Thailand(EARTH) NonthaburiThailand La Red de Accion en Plaguicidas y sus Alternativas para America Latina MontevideoUruguay BioDetection Systems BV(BDS) Science Park 4061098 XHAmsterdamthe Netherlands Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz(BUND) Germany POPs Environmental Consulting D-73527Schw€abisch GmündGermany

This review compiles information on PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated eggs from 20 years of global egg monitoring around emission sources in four continents conducted by the International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN)and Arnika as well as a compilation of data from scientific *** monitored 127 pooled egg samples including samples from 113 chicken flocks at potential PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated sites around priority sources listed in the Stockholm Convention(*** incinerators,metal industries,cement plants,and open burning).99(88%)of pooled egg samples were above the EU maximum limits for PCDD/Fs(2.5 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat)or the sum of PCDD/Fs and dioxinlike PCBs(5 pg PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/g fat).Children consuming such eggs exceed the tolerable weekly intake(TWI).This demonstrates that close to 90%of these areas were not safe for the production of free-range *** out of the 113 egg samples(14%)were contaminated above 50 pg TEQ/g fat and exceeded the EU maximum limit more than 10 *** the 26 pooled egg samples around incinerators 24(92%)exceeded the limit with a mean of 43.1 pg TEQ/g fat(2.6e234 pg TEQ/g).All 21 egg samples around metal industries(4.4e112.6 pg TEQ/g fat)were above limits with mean concentration of 26.0 pg TEQ/g *** all 7 egg samples measured at e-waste recycling sites were above limits(mean 308 pg TEQ/g fat).In 58(51%)pooled egg samples the PCB-TEQ was above 5 pg TEQ/g fat exceeding the EU maximum limit with dioxin-like PCBs *** highlights the role of commercial PCBs for global contamination with dioxin-like *** was discovered that around metal industries,shredder plants,open burning sites of e-waste and dump sites,a high share of contamination was caused by *** clearly shows severe PCB release from the end-of-life management of PCB-containing equipment in developing *** highly contaminated eggs were found at many sites where plastic was *** highest contaminated egg sample ev

关键词： PCDD/PCDF dl-PCBs PBDD/PBDF Contaminated sites Monitoring Egg DR CALUX

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Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases:A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第46期26卷 7367-7381页

作者： peter Hoffmann Victoria Jung Rouven behnisch Annika Gauss Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany

BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is common in the German population,with an even higher prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease *** To investigate the risk factors for NAFLD in inflammatory bowel disease *** This monocentric retrospective study with a cross-sectional and a longitudinal part included 694 *** criteria were diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease,age≥18 years,availability of at least one abdominal *** with infectious or suspected alcoholic fatty liver disease were *** was defined by increased echogenicity at liver *** characteristics,disease activity and medications were analyzed as potential risk *** influencing the course of NAFLD were identified by a generalized linear mixed *** Forty-eight percent of Crohn’s disease(CD)patients and 44%of ulcerative colitis patients suffered from *** occurrence was associated with greater age,hypertension and body mass index(BMI)in both groups,and with higher disease activity and dyslipidemia in CD.2467 ultrasound results were included in the longitudinal *** factors for NAFLD were age,BMI,higher disease activity,bowel resection(s),endoscopic activity and azathioprine use in CD;and BMI and endoscopic activity in ulcerative *** NAFLD was highly prevalent in this cohort of German inflammatory bowel disease *** risk increased mainly with rising age and *** analysis provides a rationale for non-invasive liver screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Ultrasound

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