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Canopy gap size influences niche partitioning of the ground-layer plant community in a northern temperate forest

Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 92-100页

作者： Christel C.Kern Rebecca A.Montgomery peter b.reich Terry F.Strong USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station1831 Hwy 169 EastGrand RapidsMN 55744USA Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota-Twin Cities1530 North Cleveland AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyLocked Bag 1797Penrith NSW 2751Australia USDA Forest Service USARetired

Aims The Gap Partitioning Hypothesis(GPH)posits that gaps create heterogeneity in resources crucial for tree regeneration in closed-canopy forests,allowing trees with contrasting strategies to coexist along resource *** studies have examined gap partitioning of temperate,ground-layer vascular *** used a ground-layer plant community of a temperate deciduous forest in northern Wisconsin,USA,as a model system to test whether the GPH extends to the relatively species-rich ground *** We used a well-replicated experimental approach that included a gap opening gradient(five gap sizes,6,10,20,30 and 46 m diameter,and undisturbed reference areas),a within-gap location gradient(gap edge to center),and a temporal gradient(0,2,6 and 13 years after gap creation).The data were observations of ground-layer plant abundance,published plant traits,and a modeled index of understory light *** ordinated the plant abundance data and evaluated the relationships of composition,traits and light environment by gap size,location along the forest-gap transect and time,with several approaches such as correlations,descriptive statistics,non-parametric tests of group differences and indicator species importance *** Findings Ground-layer plant composition and traits differed across gap sizes,within-gap locations and over *** of all sizes differed in composition from undisturbed areas,and all pair-wise combinations of gap size also differed in composition,except the 6 m from the 10-m *** gaps(46 m)also displayed within-gap compositional gradients from gap edge to center *** differences in gap size were evident 2 years after gap creation and,contrary to our hypotheses,remained different over the 13-year period,even in gaps with crown *** contrast to the neutral theory,species functional traits and microenvironmental conditions were related to variation in ground-layer *** with smaller seeds,low

关键词： herbaceous layer experimental gaps proximity to edge functional diversity plant traits

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Community phylogenetic diversity and abiotic site characteristics influence abundance of the invasive plant Rhamnus cathartica L.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： Timothy J.S.Whitfeld Alexandra G.Lodge Alexander M.Roth peter b.reich Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 Cleveland Avenue NorthSt PaulMN 55108-6112USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNSW 2751Australia

Aims Theory predicts that the success of introduced species is related to the diversity of native species through trait-based *** site characteristics may also affect a site’s susceptibility to *** quantified resident plant species richness,phylogenetic diversity and several abiotic site characteristics for 24 oak forests in Minnesota,USA,to assess their impact on the abundance of a widespread,introduced terrestrial plant species,common buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica L.).Specifically,we asked(1)whether resident species richness and phylogenetic diversity affected the abundance of *** and(2)what site characteristics explained the overall abundance of *** Our survey included 24 oak-dominated stands in Minnesota’s deciduous *** each stand,we identified all species in 16 *** also measured a series of environmental site characteristics,including canopy openness(a proxy for light availability),percent bare soil,soil pH,percent sand,an index of propagule availability,duff layer thickness(a proxy for earthworm activity),an index of insolation and *** all species present in at least one site,we estimated a community *** combined all sitelevel characteristics,including phylogenetic diversity of the resident plant species,in a multiple regression model to examine site-level drivers of community *** Findings Results indicate that sites with higher overall plant phylogenetic diversity harbor less ***,even though native species richness was not significantly related to *** *** analyses indicated that,in addition to resident species phylogenetic diversity,the most important predictors of *** abundance were canopy openness and the amount of bare soil,both positively related to the abundance of the *** combining the effects of abiotic site characteristics and resident species phylogenetic diversity in a model that predicted the abundance of R

关键词： invasibility R.cathartica L. phylogenetic diversity site characteristics

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Promise and pitfalls of modeling grassland soil moisture in a free-air CO_(2) enrichment experiment(bioCON)using the SHAW model

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 783-795页

作者： Raquel H.FLINKER M.bayani CARDENAS Todd G.CALDWELL Gerald N.FLERCHINGER Roy RICH peter b.reich Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78712(USA) bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78713(USA) Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureBoise 83712(USA) Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater 20137(USA) Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.Paul 55108(USA) Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2753(Australia)

Free-air carbon dioxide(CO_(2))enrichment(FACE)experiments provide an opportunity to test models of heat and water flow under novel,controlled situations and eventually allow use of these models for hypothesis *** study assesses whether the United States Department of Agriculture SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)numerical model of vertical one-dimensional soil water flow across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is able to adequately represent and explain the effects of increasing atmospheric CO_(2) on soil moisture dynamics in temperate *** in a FACE experiment,the bio CON(biodiversity,CO_(2),and Nitrogen)experiment,in Minnesota,USA,were compared with results of vertical soil moisture *** scenarios represented by different plots were assessed:bare,vegetated with ambient CO_(2),and similarly vegetated with high CO_(2).From the simulations,the bare plot soil was generally the wettest,followed by a drier high-CO_(2) vegetated plot,and the ambient CO_(2) plot was the *** SHAW simulations adequately reproduced the expected behavior and showed that vegetation and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration significantly affected soil moisture *** differences in modeled soil moisture amongst the plots were largely due to transpiration,which was low with high CO_(2).However,the modeled soil moisture only modestly reproduced the ***,while SHAW is able to replicate and help broadly explain soil moisture dynamics in a FACE experiment,its application for point-and time-specific simulations of soil moisture needs further *** typical design of a FACE experiment makes the experimental observations challenging to model with a one-dimensional distributed *** addition,FACE instrumentation and monitoring will need improvement in order to be a useful platform for robust model *** after this can we recommend that models such as SHAW are adequate for process interpretation of datasets from FACE exp

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE experiment soil water flow vadose zone vegetation

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Global leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and their scaling exponent

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National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 728-739页

作者： Di Tian Zhengbing Yan Karl J.Niklas Wenxuan Han Jens Kattge peter b.reich Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Zhiyao Tang Huifeng Hu Ian J.Wright bernhard Schmid Jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Max-Planck-Institute for biogeochemistry State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Department of Plant biology Cornell University Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota Department of biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia10 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University

Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations constrain photosynthetic and metabolic processes,growth and the productivity of plants. Their stoichiometry and scaling relationships regulate the allocation of N and P from subcellular to organism, and even ecosystem levels, and are crucial to the modelling of plant growth and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a general biogeographic pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships and shown that leaf N scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determining whether and how leaf N and P stoichiometries, especially their scaling exponents, change with functional groups and environmental conditions requires further verification. In this study, we compiled a global data set and documented the global leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios by functional group, climate zone and continent. The global overall mean leaf N and P concentrations were 18.9 mg gand 1.2 mg g, respectively, with significantly higher concentrations in herbaceous than woody plants(21.72 mg gvs. 18.22 mg gfor N; and 1.64 mg gvs. 1.10 mg gfor P). both leaf N and P showed higher concentrations at high latitudes than low latitudes. Among six continents, Europe had the highest N and P concentrations(20.79 and 1.54 mg g) and Oceania had the smallest values(10.01 and 0.46 mg g). These numerical values may be used as a basis for the comparison of other individual studies. Further, we found that the scaling exponent varied significantly across different functional groups,latitudinal zones, ecoregions and sites. The exponents of herbaceous and woody plants were 0.659 and0.705, respectively, with significant latitudinal patterns decreasing from tropical to temperate to boreal zones. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an average of *** factors including the intrinsic attributes of different life forms, P-related growth rates and relative nutrient availa

关键词： leaf nitrogen phosphorus stoichiometry scaling exponent functional group biogeography

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Effects of soil warming history on the performances of congeneric temperate and boreal herbaceous plant species and their associations with soil biota

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 670-680页

作者： Madhav P.Thakur peter b.reich Cameron Wagg Nicholas A.Fisichelli Marcel Ciobanu Sarah E.Hobbie Roy L.Rich Artur Stefanski Nico Eisenhauer German Centre for Integrative biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig MitteDeutscher Platz 5E04103 LeipzigGermany Institute of biology Leipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2104103 LeipzigGermany Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 North Cleveland AvenueSt.PaulMN 55108USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNew South Wales 2751Australia Institute of Evolutionary biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Forest Ecology Program Schoodic Institute at Acadia National ParkWinter HarborME 04693USA Institute of biological Research Branch of the National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences48 Republicii Street400015 Cluj-NapocaRomania Department of Ecology Evolutionand BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Aims Climate warming raises the probability of range expansions of warm-adapted temperate species into areas currently dominated by cold-adapted boreal ***-induced plant range expansions could partly depend on how warming modifies relationships with soil biota that promote plant growth,such as by mineralizing ***,we grew two pairs of congeneric herbaceous plants spe-cies together in soil with a 5-year warming history(ambient,+1.7℃,+3.4℃)and related their performances to plant-beneficial soil *** Each plant pair belonged to either the mid-latitude temperate climate or the higher latitude southern boreal *** soils were extracted from a chamberless heating experiment at two field sites in the temperate-boreal ecotone of North *** isolate poten-tial effects of different soil warming histories,air temperature for the greenhouse experiment was identical across *** hypothesized that soil with a 5-year warming history in the field would enhance the performance of temperate plant species more than boreal plant species and expected improved plant performances to have positive associations with plant growth-promoting soil biota(microbial-feeding nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi).Important Findings Our main hypothesis was partly confirmed as only one temperate spe-cies performed better in soil with warming history than in soil with his-tory of ambient ***,this effect was restricted to the site with higher soil water content in the growing season of the sampling year(prior to soil collection).One of the boreal species performed con-sistently worse in previously warmed soil,whereas the other species showed neutral responses to soil warming *** found a positive correlation between the density of microbial-feeding nematodes and the performance of one of the temperate species in previously wetter soils,but this correlation was negative at the site with previously drier *** found no signific

关键词： seedling emergence soil biota range shift ecotone Aster cordifolius

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酸雨和臭氧对乔木幼苗菌根感染的影响

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环境科学研究 1987年第6期 8-12页

作者： peter b.reich 陶秀成苏智光

接近大气降雨速度与浓度的酸雨和臭氧,对北方红栎幼苗和东方白松幼苗的菌根感染引起了显著的变化。酸雨处理可造成菌根感染的减少,改变根际的营养关系,对栎树幼苗的光合作用生长情况没有影响,而对白松幼苗具有刺激作用;臭氧则是通过改... 详细信息

接近大气降雨速度与浓度的酸雨和臭氧,对北方红栎幼苗和东方白松幼苗的菌根感染引起了显著的变化。酸雨处理可造成菌根感染的减少,改变根际的营养关系,对栎树幼苗的光合作用生长情况没有影响,而对白松幼苗具有刺激作用;臭氧则是通过改变幼苗的代谢作用影响菌根。

关键词：菌根菌白松红栎营养关系外生菌根代谢作用大气降雨刺激作用森林衰退有效氮

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VISION-iT:A Framework for Digitizing bubbles and Droplets

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 26-35页

作者： Youngjoon Suh Sanghyeon Chang peter Simadiris Tiffany b.Inouye Muhammad Jahidul Hoque Siavash Khodakarami Chirag Kharangate Nenad Miljkovic Yoonjin Won Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine4200 Engineering GatewayCA 92617-2700USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvine5200 Engineering HallCA 92617-2700USA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research(WPI-12CNER) Kyushu University744 Moto-okaNishi-kuFukuoka 819-0395Japan

Quantifying the nucleation processes involved in liquid-vapor phase-change phenomena,while dauntingly challenging,is central in designing energy conversion and thermal management *** technological advances in the deep learning and computer vision field offer the potential for quantifying such complex two-phase nucleation processes at unprecedented *** leveraging these new technologies,a multiple object tracking framework called“vision inspired online nuclei tracker(VISION-iT)”has been proposed to extract large-scale,physical features residing within boiling and condensation ***,extracting high-quality features that can be integrated with domain knowledge requires detailed discussions that may be field-or case-specific *** this regard,we present a demonstration and discussion of the detailed construction,algorithms,and optimization of individual modules to enable adaptation of the framework to custom *** concepts and procedures outlined in this study are transferable and can benefit broader audiences dealing with similar problems.

关键词： Deep learning Computer vision Nucleation Heat transfer Phase-change phenomena

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Thiel-behnke Corneal Dystrophy in a Young Man in Denmark—A Case Report

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 208-217页

作者： Sara bøgelund Rasmussen Anders peter Søndergaard Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Southern Denmark Vejle Hospital Denmark

background: This case report presents a case of bilateral Thiel-behnke corneal dystrophy in Denmark. Thiel-behnke is an autosomal dominant inherited epithelial-stromal TGFbI dystrophy causing visual impairment. Methods and Results: This case study presents a 24-year-old Lithuanian man, with no previous ocular history, who had experienced slowly progressive visual impairment since his childhood. He was examined at the Department of Ophthalmology at Vejle Hospital and Aarhus University Hospital, where he was diagnosed with bilateral Thiel-behnke corneal dystrophy. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. A lamellar corneal transplantation was performed in the right eye;however, due to epithelial growth under the corneal graft, it was later decided to redo the operation. Following the operations, the patient experienced a visual improvement in best corrected visual acuity (bCVA) from 0.1 (20/25 Snellen equivalent) to 0.3 (20/40 Snellen equivalent) in his right eye. Conclusions: This case of Thiel-behnke corneal dystrophy is to our knowledge the first reported case in Denmark.

关键词： Thiel-behnke Corneal Dystrophy Thiel-behnke Corneal Dystrophy Honeycomb Dystrophy Cornea

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Advancements in adsorption and photodegradation technologies for Rhodamine b dye wastewater treatment: fundamentals, applications, and future directions

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期5卷 440-460页

作者： peter Olusakin Oladoye Mohammed Kadhom Idrees Khan Kosar Hikmat Hama Aziz Yakubu Adekunle Alli Department of Chemistry and biochemistry Florida International University Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryLadoke Akintola University of Technology Department of Environmental Science College of Energy and Environmental ScienceAlkarkh University of Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of Sulaimani Department of Medical Laboratory of Science College of Health SciencesUniversity of Human Development CNRS LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)UPR8241Université de Toulouse

Organic dye pollutants present in wastewater pose a significant global challenge. Among pollutants, the synthetic dye Rhodamine b(Rb) stands out due to its non-biodegradable nature and associated neurotoxic, carcinogenic,and respiratory irritant properties. Extensive research has been conducted on the efficacy of adsorption and photodegradation techniques for the removal of Rb from wastewater. While adsorption and advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have gained considerable attention for their effectiveness in recent years, the underlying behaviors and mechanisms of these technologies remain incompletely understood. Therefore, a comprehensive of recent research progress in this domain is imperative to clarify the basics and present the up-to-date *** review provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamentals, advancements, and future trajectories of Rb wastewater treatment technologies, mainly encompassing adsorption and photodegradation. This work starts with a general introduction of outlining the sources, toxicity, and diverse applicable removal strategies. Subsequently, it thoroughly examines crucial techniques within non-photochemical, photochemical, and adsorption technologies, such as UV light assisted AOP, catalyst assisted AOP, ozonation, Fenton system, electrochemical AOP, and adsorption technology. The primary objective is to furnish a broad overview of these techniques,elucidating their effectiveness, limitations, and applicability. Following this, the review encapsulates state-of-theart computational simulations pertaining to Rb adsorption and interactions with clays and other ***, it delves into column adsorption of Rb dye, and elucidates various influencing factors, including bed height, feed concentration, pollutant(Rb) feeding or flow rate, and column regeneration. This panoramic review aims to provide valuable insights into suitable techniques, research gaps, and the applicability of nonphotochemical, photochemical, and

关键词： Rhodamine b Wastewater treatment Photodegradation Column adsorption Dye removal Advanced oxidation processes

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Context-aware reinforcement learning for cooling operation of data centers with an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 233-246页

作者： Lukas Leindals peter Grønning Dominik Franjo Dominković Rune Grønborg Junker Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of DenmarkDenmark

Data centers are often equipped with multiple cooling units. Here, an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system has shown to be efficient. However, the usage of hot and cold-water wells in the ATES must be balanced for legal and environmental reasons. Reinforcement Learning has been proven to be a useful tool for optimizing the cooling operation at data centers. Nonetheless, since cooling demand changes continuously, balancing the ATES usage on a yearly basis imposes an additional challenge in the form of a delayed reward. To overcome this, we formulate a return decomposition, Cool-RUDDER, which relies on simple domain knowledge and needs no training. We trained a proximal policy optimization agent to keep server temperatures steady while minimizing operational costs. Comparing the Cool-RUDDER reward signal to other ATES-associated rewards, all models kept the server temperatures steady at around 30 °C. An optimal ATES balance was defined to be 0% and a yearly imbalance of −4.9% with a confidence interval of [−6.2, −3.8]% was achieved for the Cool 2.0 reward. This outperformed a baseline ATES-associated reward of 0 at −16.3% with a confidence interval of [−17.1, −15.4]% and all other ATES-associated rewards. However, the improved ATES balance comes with a higher energy consumption cost of 12.5% when comparing the relative cost of the Cool 2.0 reward to the zero reward, resulting in a trade-off. Moreover, the method comes with limited requirements and is applicable to any long-term problem satisfying a linear state-transition system.

关键词： Data centers ATES Smart energy systems Reinforcement learning Delayed rewards

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