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Impact of cancer diagnosis on life expectancy by area-level socioeconomic groups in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 692-702页

作者： md Mijanur Rahman Michael David David Goldsbury Karen Canfell Kou Kou Paramita Dasgupta peter Baade Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre The University of SydneyA Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSW 1340Australia School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith UniversityGold CoastQLD 4222Australia Cancer Council Queensland BrisbaneQLD 4006Australia

Objective: Improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status(SES).Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common ***: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years(95% CI: 2.5±3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years(95% CI: 1.3±1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years(95% CI: 1.4±1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years(95% CI: 1.0±1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years(95% CI: 16.1±16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years(95% CI: 15.7±16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years(95% CI: 15.0±16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years(95% CI: 14.0±15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.4±1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years(95% CI: 0.2±1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years(95% CI: 0.8±1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years(95% CI: 0.5±0.8 years)] had the lowest average ***: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expec

关键词： Cancer diagnosis life expectancy loss of life expectancy area-level socioeconomic status flexible parametric model

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抗高血压治疗期间心电图左心室肥厚消退及其对主要心血管事件的预测作用

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2005年第6期24卷 323-329页

作者： peter M. Okin, md Richard B. Devereux, md Sverker Jern, md Sverre E. Kjedsen, md,PhD Stevo Julius, md, ScD Markkus S. Nieminen, md, PhD Steven Snapinn, PhD Katherine E. Harris, DrPH peter aurup, md Jonathan M. Edelman, md Hans Wedel, PhD Lars H. Lindholm, md, PhD Bjorn Dahlof md, PhD 倪靖炜（译）沈卫峰（校） Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology Cornell University Medical Center New York NY Sahlgrenska University Hospital/OEstra Goeteborg Sweden Ulleval University Hospital Oslo Norway University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland Amgen Inc Thousand Oaks Calif Merck Research Laboratories West Point Pa Merck ＆ Co Inc Whitehouse Station NJ Nordic School of Public Health Gbteborg Sweden Umea. University Umea Sweden 不详

背景：心电图左心室肥厚（left ventficular hypertophy，LVH）是心血管并发症及死亡的强预测指标。然而，在抗高血压治疗期间心电图LVH程度变化的预测价值仍不清楚。目的：验证抗高血压治疗期间心电图LVH程度越轻，心血管并发症与死亡... 详细信息

背景：心电图左心室肥厚（left ventficular hypertophy，LVH）是心血管并发症及死亡的强预测指标。然而，在抗高血压治疗期间心电图LVH程度变化的预测价值仍不清楚。目的：验证抗高血压治疗期间心电图LVH程度越轻，心血管并发症与死亡率越低，并与血压水平及其降低和治疗方式无关的假说。设计、设置及参试者：1995～2001年于9193例55至80岁（均值，67岁）男性和女性高血压患者进行的双盲、随机、平行组研究。心电图LVH用康奈尔电压一时间乘积或Sokolow—Lyon电压表示，患者均入选氯沙坦降低高血压终点事件干预研究（Losartan Intervention For Endpoint，LIFE）。干预：以氯沙坦或阿替洛尔为基础的治疗方案，随访评估至少4年（均值，4．8年[SD，0．9]）。主要结果测定：心血管死亡、心肌梗死或卒中复合终点与基线及随后1年或每年心电图LVH严重程度的关系。结果：1096例（11．9％）发生心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死或卒中。在控制治疗方式、基线Framingham危险记分、基线和治疗期间血压以及基线心电图LVH严重程度（康奈尔乘积或Sokolow—Lyon电压）的Cox回归模型中，康奈尔乘积和Sokolow—Lyon电压所示治疗中LVH严重程度较低者，复合心血管终点事件的发生率分别降低14％和17％（康奈尔乘积每降低1050mm×ms,[1-SD]：校正风险比[hazard ratio，HR]，0．86；95％可信区间[confidence interval，CI]，0．82～0．92；P〈0．001；Sokolow—Lyon电压每降低10．5mm[1-SD]：HR，0．83；95％CI，0．78～0．88；P〈0．01）。在平行分析中，较低的康奈尔乘积和Sokolow—Lyon电压均与较低的心血管死亡（分别为HR，0．78；95％CI，0．73～0．83；P〈0．001和HR，0．80；95％CI，0．73～0．87；P〈0．001）、心肌梗死（HR，0．90；95％CI，0．82～0．98；P=0．01和HR，0．90；95％CI，0．81～1．00；P=0．04））和卒中（HR，0．90；95％CI，0．84～0．96；P=0．002；HR，0．81；95％CI，0．75～0．89；P〈0．001）独立相关。结论：抗高血压治疗期间，根据康奈尔乘积和Sokolow—Lyon电压判定的心电图LVH程度较轻与心血管并发症和死亡可能性较低相关，而且独立于原发性高血压患者的血压降低及治疗方式。旨在改善或预防心电图LVH的抗高血压治疗可以改善患者的预后。

关键词：抗高血压治疗心血管事件治疗期间左心室肥厚心电图原发性高血压患者预测作用致死性心肌梗死心血管并发症 interval

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Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： Changqing Lin peter K.K.Louie Alexis K.H.Lau Jimmy C.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang md.Shakhaoat Hossain Chengcai Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public Health and Informatics Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) *** the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant *** this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant *** show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the *** to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the *** the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the *** results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based *** with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk Carbon neutrality Mega-events

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Early Warning Smartphone Diagnostics for Water Security and Analysis Using Real-Time pH Mapping

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Photonic Sensors 2015年第4期5卷 289-297页

作者： md. Arafat HOSSAIN John CANNING Sandra AST peter J. RUTLEDGE Abbas JAMALIPOUR interdisciplinary Photonics Laboratories (iPL) School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia School of Chemistry The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Wireless Networking Group (WING) School of Electrical and Information Engineering The University of Sydney NSW2006 Australia

Early detection of environmental disruption, unintentional or otherwise, is increasingly desired to ensure hazard minimization in many settings. Here, using a field-portable, smartphone fluorimeter to assess water quality based on the pH response of a designer probe, a map of pH of public tap water sites has been obtained. A custom designed Android application digitally processed and mapped the results utilizing the global positioning system （GPS） service of the smartphone. The map generated indicates no disruption in pH for all sites measured, and all the data are assessed to fall inside the upper limit of local government regulations, consistent with authority reported measurements. This implementation demonstrates a new security concept： network environmental forensics utilizing the potential of novel smartgrid analysis with wireless sensors for the detection of potential disruption to water quality at any point in the city. This concept is applicable across all smartgrid strategies within the next generation of the Internet of Things and can be extended on national and global scales to address a range of target analytes, both chemical and biological.

关键词： Lab-in-a-phone Intemet of Things optical sensing and sensor smartphone sensor photonic sensor fluorescence water security

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Application of a distributed verification in Islamic microfinance institutions:a sustainable model

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 2196-2207页

作者： peter Wanke M.Kabir Hassan md.Abul Kalam Azad md.Azizur Rahman Naznin Akther COPPEAD Graduate Business School Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRua Paschoal Lemme355Rio de Janeiro 21949-900Brazil Department of Economics and Finance University of New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70148USA Department of Business and Technology Management Islamic University of TechnologyGazipur 1704Bangladesh Department of Business Administration Faculty of Business&EntrepreneurshipDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh

The literature gap in microfinance paradox of double bottom line(financial performance ***)has always been an interesting area of *** paper proposes a theoretical model most suitable for Islamic Microfinance Institutions(MFIs)which enables Islamic MFIs’to operate together with the existing financial models compliant with Islamic Shariah *** model is based on a distributed verification/decision-making process that might be realized(but not necessary)through *** the available distributed verification techniques,blockchain technology is an attractive emerging computing paradigm due to its decentralized,immutable,shared,and secure data structure *** model proposes three significant ***,sharing information through blockchain will allow a transparent network in MFI operations,which will raise confidence for donors resulting in a causal effect of a relatively lower profit rate to be charged by the ***,the consensus mechanism will enable risk-sharing,a character of Islamic finance;thus,the MFIs will operate without any collateral for low-risk ***,the double bottom line of MFIs’long-lasting paradox would be *** for practical implication of this proposed model,the causal impact of lower cost investment by the lenders would increase social welfare because of no collateral and no initial wealth *** proposed model proposes a credit rationing approach where profit can be *** collateral will be used when calculating the creditworthiness of a borrower.

关键词： Blockchain Islamic microfinance Double bottom line Distributed verification

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease in Women

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2019年第B2期3卷 421-434页

作者： Nimeh Najjar,md peter Staiano,md Mariam Louis,md,MSc,FCCP University of Florida Department of MedicineJacksonvilleFLUSA

Obstructive Sleep Apnea(OSA)is a common chronic disorder that affects 5–10%of the US population with a higher prevalence in men compared to women by 2:1 in population *** contrast,in patients with cardiovascular disease,its prevalence can exceed 50%depending on the specifi c disorder *** sex differences have been well described for cardiovascular risk factors;existing data regarding the impact of sex on the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular outcomes is ***,while there is strong evidence for increased prevalence of cardiovascular conditions,such as systemic hypertension,atrial fibrillation,as well as heart failure amongst patients suffering from OSA;confl icting evidence exists regarding the incidence and bidirectional relationship between them as well as the impact of treatment of OSA on cardiovascular *** this paper,we will review the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases in *** data on sex differences is limited,due to a number of reasons,including,but not limited to late presentation of OSA in women,diffi culties in diagnosing both OSA and cardiovascular diseases in women and still suboptimal inclusion of adequate number of women in clinical *** studies are needed to better delineate sex differences in the clinical presentation as well as the pathophysiology of the associations between OSA and cardiovascular diseases so that we can provide patients with more personalized care.

关键词： obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) hypertension cardiovascular heart failure atrial fibrillation women sex

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Microstructures and mechanical behavior of the bimetallic additively-manufactured structure(BAMS)of austenitic stainless steel and Inconel 625

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第15期74卷 176-188页

作者： md.R.U.Ahsan Xuesong Fan Gi-Jeong Seo Changwook Ji Mark Noakes Andrzej Nycz peter KLiaw Duck Bong Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996United States Department of Manufacturing and Engineering Technology Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States Advanced Forming Process R&D Group Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyUlsan 44413South Korea Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830United States

Bimetallic additively manufactured structures(BAMSs)can replace traditionally-fabricated functionallygraded-components through fusion welding processes and can eliminate locally-deteriorated mechanical properties arising from *** present work fabricates a BAMS by sequentially depositing the austenitic stainless-steel and Inconel625 using a gas-metal-arc-welding(GMAW)-based wire+arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)*** mapping shows a smooth compositional transition at the interface without any *** materials being the face-center-cubic(FCC)austenite,the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD)analysis of the interface shows the smooth and cross-interfacecrystallographic growth of long-elongated grains in the*** hardness values were within the range of 220-240 HV for both materials without a large deviation at the *** to the controlled thermal history,mechanical testing yielded a consistent result with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of 600 MPa and 40%,respectively,with the failure location on the stainless-steel *** study demonstrates that WAAM has the potential to fabricate BAMS with controlled properties.

关键词： WAAM Additive manufacturing BAMS Functionally-graded structures Microstructures Mechanical properties

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Phase stability and mechanical properties of wire+arc additively manufactured H13 tool steel at elevated temperatures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第8期67卷 80-94页

作者： A.N.M.Tanvir md.R.U.A hsan Gijeong Seo Brian Bates Chanho Lee peter K.Liaw Mark Noakese Andrzej Nycz Changwook Ji Duck Bong Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN 38505USA Department of Manufacturing and Engineering Technology Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN 38505USA Center for Manufacturing Research Tennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN 38505USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Manufacturing Demonstration Facility Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Advanced Forming Process R&D Group Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyUlsan 44413Republic of Korea

Wire+arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is considered an innovative technology that can change the manufacturing landscape in the near *** offers the benefits of inexpensive initial system setup and a high deposition rate for fabricating medium-and large-sized parts such as die-casting *** this study,AISI H13 tool steel,a popular die-casting tool metal,is manufactured by cold metal transfer(CMT)-based WAAM and is then comprehensively analyzed for its microstructural and mechanical ***-dependent phase combinations are observed,which could be explained by nonequilibrium thermal cycles that resulted from the layer-by-layer stacking mechanism used in *** addition,remelting and reheating of the layers reduces welding anomalies(e.g.,pores and voids).The metallurgical characteristics of the H13 strongly correlate with the mechanical *** combinations of phases at different locations of the additively manufactured part exhibit a periodic microhardness ***,Retained Austenite,Ferrite,and Carbide phases are found in combination at different locations of the part based on the part’s temperature distribution during additive ***,the tensile properties at elevated temperatures(23℃,300℃,and 600℃)are comparable to those from other WAAM and additive manufacturing(AM)*** X-ray diffraction results verify that the microstructural stability of the fabricated parts at high temperatures would allow them to be used in high temperatures.

关键词： Tool steel Martensitic steel Wire+arc additive manufacturing(WAAM) High temperature tensile test High temperature XRD

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Counter Rotating Fans- An Aircraft Propulsion for the Future?

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Journal of Thermal Science 2003年第2期12卷 97-103页

作者： peter Schimming DLR Institute for Propulsion TechnologyCologneGermany

In the mid seventies a new propulsor for aircraft was designed and investigated - the so-called PROPFAN. With regard to the total pressure increase, it ranges between a conventional propeller and a turbofan with very high bypass ratio. This new propulsion system promised a reduction in fuel consumption of 15 to 25% compared to engines at that time.A lot of propfans (Hamilton Standard, USA) with different numbers of blades and blade shapes have been designed and tested in wind tunnels in order to find an optimum in efficiency, Fig.1. Parallel to this development GE, USA, made a design of a counter rotating unducted propfan, the so-called UDF, Fig.2. A prototype engine was manufactured and investigated on an in-flight test bed mounted at the md82 and the B727. Since that time there has not been any further development of propfans (except AN 70 with NK 90-engine, Ukraine, which is more or less a propeller design) due to relatively low fuel prices and technical obstacles. Only technical programs in different countries are still going on in order to prepare a data base for designing counter rotating fans in terms of aeroacoustics, aerodynamics and aeroelasticities. In DLR, Germany, a lot of experimental and numerical work has been undertaken to understand the physical behaviour of the unsteady flow in a counter rotating fan.

关键词： propfan counter rotation unsteady aerodynamics active noise control aeroelasticities.

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New horizons in genetics and nutrition

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中国临床营养杂志 2000年第1期8卷 49-50页

作者： peter Ftirst, md, PhD, (University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany(德国) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

From the emergence of the genus "homo" over 2 million years age,until the agricultrural revoution of roughly 10. 000 years age our ancestors were hunter-gatherers,so the adaptive pressures inherent in that environmental niche have exerted defining influence on human genetic make up. The portion of our genome that determines basic anatomy and physio1ogy has remained relatively unchanged over the past 40. 000 years. Consequently, the complex interrelationship between energy intake, energy expenditure and specific physical activity requirements for current humans remains very similar to that orginally selected for stone age men and women who lived by gathering and *** hypothesis set forth by Eaton and Konner suggests that our genes, adapted over millions of years to the lifestyle of our prehis toric ancestors oprly tolerate the dramatic changes in our medern Iifestyle like stress, reduced physical activity, consumption of chemi cals including drugs; the profound alteration in our ha habits having occurred over the past few hundred years, fat consumption having increased from about 20 % of energy intake in the 1 850ies to about 50% toclay. It is calculated that the diet of our Paleolithic forefathers contained 5 to 10 times as much fiber as does the contemporary diet,5 to 10 times as much - 3 fatty acids,vitamins and antioxidants and up to 3 times as much protein. In contrast modern ha contains lo to 2O times as much whium salts and at least 4 times as much saturated *** changes in diet together with smoking, hypertension,obesity and intolerance have conspired to create the present epidemic of chronic diseases which account for more than half of all deaths and huge health costS in affluent Western *** with these dramatic changes data from around the wold indicate that the incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases vary among individuals, families and nations. Inded, the susceptibility to chronic diseases such as coronary artere dise

关键词：遗传学营养学生理学基因组

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