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Differences in physiological integration between invasive and noninvasive introduced clonal species of Carpobrotus

Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 972-981页

作者： Sergio R.Roiloa peter alpert Rodolfo Barreiro BioCost Group Biology DepartmentUniversidade da CoruñaA CoruñaSpain Biology Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Aims Clonal growth is associated with invasiveness in introduced plant species,but few studies have compared invasive and noninvasive introduced clonal species to investigate which clonal traits may underlie *** test the hypothesis that greater capacity to increase clonal growth via physiological integration of connected ramets increases invasiveness in clonal plants,we compared the effects of severing connections on accumulation of mass in the two species of the creeping,succulent,perennial,herbaceous genus Carpobrotus that have been introduced on sand dunes along the Pacific Coast of northern California,the highly invasive species Carpobrotus edulis and the co-occurring,noninvasive species Carpobrotus *** Pairs of ramets from four mixed populations of the species from California were grown in a common garden for 3 months with and without severing the stem connecting the *** simulate the effect of clones on soils in natural populations,the older ramet was grown in sand amended with potting compost and the younger in sand *** Findings Severance decreased net growth in mass by~60%in *** and~100%in ***,due mainly to the negative effect of severance on the shoot mass of the younger ramet within a *** to the hypothesis,this suggests that physiological integration increases growth more in the less invasive ***,severance also decreased allocation of mass to roots in the older ramet and increased it in the younger ramet in a pair,and the effect on the younger ramet was about twice as great in *** as in *** indicates that the more invasive species shows greater phenotypic plasticity in response to physiological integration,in particular greater capacity for division of *** could contribute to greater long-term growth and suggests that the division of labor may be a trait that underlies the association between clonal growth and invasiveness in plants.

关键词： biomass allocation Carpobrotus clonal growth physiological integration plant invasions

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Effects of soil substrate heterogeneity and moisture on interspecific competition between Alternanthera philoxeroides and four native species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第3期10卷 528-537页

作者： Lu Liu Bi-Cheng Dong peter alpert Fei-Hai Yu School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityQinghua East Road 35Haidian DistrictBeijing 100083China Biology Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Aims Clonal plant species have the potential for high relative performance in heterogeneous environments,and this might increase the com-petitive ability and invasiveness of introduced clonal plant *** was hypothesized that clonal species whose performance responds more to heterogeneity of a resource have higher competitive ability in habitats where this resource is more heterogeneous and that this relationship is stronger when other resources are less *** To test these hypotheses,the perennial clonal herb Alternanthera philoxeroides,which is invasive in China,was grown alone or with each of four clonal perennial,co-occurring herbs native to China,*** sessilis,Cynodon dactylon,Hemarthria altissima and Wedelia *** were given homogeneous or het-erogeneous soil substrate crossed with low and high levels of soil *** Findings Effects of heterogeneity on the accumulation of mass and ramets and on competitive effect and response of *** differed between native species and interacted with effects of soil *** reduced the final total mass or ramet number of the native species except ***,and the negative competitive effects on *** and *** were more pronounced in heterogeneous than in homogeneous *** response of *** was more negative to *** than to the other native *** native species,the competitive response of *** was more negative in heterogeneous than in homo-geneous soils at low moisture level,but the reverse was true at high moisture *** do not consistently support either hypoth-esis,but do suggest that competitive ability can be partly explained by individual species traits such as size,and that some competi-tive effects and responses are emergent properties of interspecific interactions.

关键词： alligator weed clonal plant competitive effect competitive response soil heterogeneity soil moisture foraging behavior

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Effects of clonal integration, nutrients and cadmium on growth of the aquatic macrophyte Pistia stratiotes

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 765-772页

作者： Michael Opoku Adomako peter alpert Dao-Lin Du Fei-Hai Yu Institute of Wetland Ecology&Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China Institute of Environment and Ecology Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological SecuritySchool of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Biology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Aims Many wetlands are polluted with both nutrients and toxic metals and vegetated largely by clonal *** hypothesized that eutrophication and clonal integration can increase phytoremediation of toxic metal pollution by increasing plant growth,even under the stress imposed by *** To test this hypothesis,single ramets of the common,widespread,floating,stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes L.,were grown for 42 days at two levels of nutrient availability with and without 0.6 mg L^(-1) *** were either severed from their vegetative offspring to prevent clonal integration or left connected,and severed offspring were either removed to eliminate intraclonal competition or left in *** Findings Plants subjected to cadmium addition accumulated almost twice as much dry mass if given the higher nutrient level,due mainly to a doubling of the number of clonal *** had little effect on the final mass of the parent plus offspring *** offspring following severance had no effect on the final mass of the parental ramet in the presence of added cadmium,but it did increase the final mass of the parent in the absence of *** results support the hypothesis that eutrophication can increase remediation of toxic metal pollution by aquatic macrophytes but provided no evidence that clonal integration can affect *** such as *** may help remediate co-pollution of wetlands with toxic metals and nutrients,and fragmentation of clones may not affect their remediation capacity.

关键词： bioremediation clonal fragmentation eutrophication floating plant toxic metal

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Genetic diversity and offspring fitness in the red and white fruit color morphs of the wild strawberry Fragaria pentaphylla

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 36-41页

作者： Lu-Xi Chen Su-Ting Xu Wei-Hang Ding Jun-Min Li peter alpert Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China School of Life Science Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Biology Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Aims Fruit color polymorphisms are widespread in plants,but what maintains them is largely *** hypothesis is that some morphs are preferred by dispersers while others have higher pre-or postdispersal *** leads to the prediction that fruit color morphs will differ in pre-or postdispersal *** We compared genetic and clonal diversity,mating system,morphological traits that might be associated with resistance to freezing,and germination,survival and seed production of progeny of the red and white fruit morphs in a population of a diploid,wild strawberry,Fragaria pentaphylla,from south-central *** Findings The red morph was much more abundant than the white but did not show higher genetic diversity as measured by observed and effective numbers of alleles,Shannon information index,or expected or observed *** showed that most of the genetic variation in the population was within rather than between *** did not differ in mating system parameters,and no significant biparental inbreeding was found in either *** flow between two morphs was high(N_(m)=6.89).Seeds of the red morph germinated about 2 days earlier and had a 40%higher rate of germination than those of the white morph,but survival of seedlings and seed production by surviving offspring did not differ between *** whole postdispersal fitness of the red morph was about two times higher than that of the white *** morphs had hairier petioles but not more surface wax on ***,results showed partial evidence for difference in pre-and postdispersal fitness between fruit color morphs in *** in fitness independent of dispersal may thus partially account for fruit color polymorphism in all cases.

关键词： Fragaria pentaphylla fruit color polymorphism genetic diversity mating system south-central China

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Invasiveness as a relative trait:The advantages and disadvantages of having been introduced

Invasiveness as a relative trait:The advantages and disadvan...

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北京生物入侵国际研讨会

作者： alpert,peter Department of Biology University of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusetts 01003-9297USA

＜正＞What enables a species that is introduced by humans into a new habitat to then spread and displace existing species? Initially thought of mainly as a property of individual species,invasiveness is now often viewed as the product of an interaction between an introduced species and its new physical and biotic *** particular,the performance of an introduced species relative to native ones

关键词： biotic resistance competition enemy escape global change hypothesis invasiveness local adaptation

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Clonal integration increases performance of ramets of the fern Diplopterygium glaucum in an evergreen forest in southeastern China

Clonal integration increases performance of ramets of the fe...

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第三届全国植物生态学前沿论坛第三届全国克隆植物生态学研讨会

作者： peter alpert Biology Department University of Massachusetts

Physiological integration is a major ecological advantage of clonal growth in *** growth is also common in pteridophytes,but almost no study has tested whether clonal integration increases performance in ramets ofpteridophytes in natural populations. To test this hypothesis and also whether the positive effect of integration is greater on smaller ramets,we severed the connecting rhizomes of individual ramets of the common,understory fern Diplopterygium glaucum in an evergreen,broadleaf forest in southeastern *** another experiment,we severed rhizomes around the edges of small plots each containing several ramets. After 19.5 weeks,survival was 100%in intact individual ramets but only 27%in severed ones. Among surviving ramets,final dry mass and lamina mass were also less in severed than in intact ramets,though stalk,rhizome,and root mass and maximum quantum yield of PSII(F/F) were *** ramets with fewer stalk nodes had lower dry mass but were not more affected by severing than ramets with more stalk *** around the edge of plots did not significantly affect the combined final mass of the ramets within a *** conclude that clonal integration can have significant positive effects on both survival and growth of individual ramets of ferns in natural *** work may eventually show that resource sharing is as widespread in rhizomatous species of pteridophytes as it appears to be in rhizomatous angiosperms.

关键词： clonal integration photosynthesis pteridophyte resource sharing rhizome severing subtropical forest survivorship

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四大洲食用昼花属的比较入侵生态学:对养分和竞争的响应

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第1期16卷 135-149页

作者： Rubén Portela Rodolfo Barreiro peter alpert Cheng-Yuan Xu Bruce L.Webber Sergio R.Roiloa BioCost Group Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversidade da Coruña15071A CoruñaSpain Biology Department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Jepson and University Herbaria University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94709USA School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityBundabergQLD 4670Australia CSIRO Health and Biosecurity FloreatWestern Australia 6016Australia School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute PerthWestern Australia 6000Australia

入侵生物学的两个关键假设是,某些特征是外来物种入侵的基础,且这些特征是在引入期间或之后选择的。我们通过关注两个可能赋予入侵性的特征来检验这些假设,即营养增加引起的较高生长加速和竞争引起的较低生长减速。我们对采自非洲、澳... 详细信息

入侵生物学的两个关键假设是,某些特征是外来物种入侵的基础,且这些特征是在引入期间或之后选择的。我们通过关注两个可能赋予入侵性的特征来检验这些假设,即营养增加引起的较高生长加速和竞争引起的较低生长减速。我们对采自非洲、澳洲、欧洲和北美洲的4个食用昼花属(Carpobrotus)品种进行了比较。为了测试高入侵物种莫邪菊(Carpobrotus edulis)对这些特征的选择,我们将原产于南非的植株与入侵其他3个地区的植株进行了比较。在一个同质园中繁殖植株。然后,在添加或不添加养分的情况下单独培育子代,并在不添加养分的情况下将子代与另一个食用昼花属品种一起、或与欧洲的一种共生本土物种马兰草(Ammophila arenaria)一起培育。不同品种的食用昼花属对营养物质的反应并无差异,在入侵性更强的物种中,竞争反应的负面性也没有减弱。然而,与本土莫邪菊相比,添加营养物质引起外来莫邪菊更高的生长加速。此外,在处理开始时,两种入侵物种每分株的鲜质量高于两种非入侵物种。我们的研究结果表明,引种可以选择入侵物种对营养富集的反应进行选择,也证明了外来植物的体积和入侵性之间的关联。

关键词：食用昼花属海岸沙丘竞争反应外来入侵植物养分有效性快速进化

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环境问题科学委员会的可持续生物圈项目

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人类环境杂志 1995年第2期24卷 133-134页

作者： peter alpert Jane Lubchenco Paul G.Risser 曾本祥 Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA01003-5810USA Co-chair SBP Scienific Advisory Committee Department of Zoology Cordley 3029 Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331-2914 USA Roudebosch Hall Miami University Oxford OH 45056USA

可持续生物圈项目(SustainableBiosphere project,SBP)是环境问题科学委员会(SCOPE)发起组织的一个新项目,有两个目标:一是进一步了解决定生态系统稳定性的生物物理因素、社会因素和经济因素;二是利用这些信息激励与推动资源持续利用政... 详细信息

可持续生物圈项目(SustainableBiosphere project,SBP)是环境问题科学委员会(SCOPE)发起组织的一个新项目,有两个目标:一是进一步了解决定生态系统稳定性的生物物理因素、社会因素和经济因素;二是利用这些信息激励与推动资源持续利用政策的贯彻执行。为达到上述目标。

关键词：环境保护可持续发展生物圈

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Submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics, functional mobility, and physical activity in older adults with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第5期13卷 450-457页

作者： Scott L Hummel John Herald Craig alpert Kimberlee A Gretebeck Wendy S Champoux Donald R Dengel peter V Vaitkevicius Neil B Alexander Department of lnternal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System Ann Arbor MI USA School of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland University Royal Oak MI USA School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA Aspirus Health System Ontanagon ML USA

Background Submaximal oxygen uptake measures are more feasible and may better predict clinical cardiac outcomes than maximal tests in older adults with heart failure （HF）. We examined relationships between maximal oxygen uptake, submaximal oxygen kinetics, fianctional mobility, and physical activity in older adults with HF and reduced ejection fraction. Methods Older adults with HF and reduced ejection fraction （n = 25, age 75 ：i： 7 years） were compared to 25 healthy ageand gender-matched controls. Assessments included a maximal treadmill test for peak oxygen uptake （VO2p^ak）, oxygen uptake kinetics at onset of and on recovery from a submaximal treadmill test, functional mobility testing [Get Up and Go （GUG）, Comfortable Gait Speed （CGS）, Unipedal Stance （US）], and self-reported physical activity （PA）. Results Compared to controls, HF had worse performance on GUG, CGS, and US, greater delays in submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics, and lower PA. In controls, VO2peak was more strongly associated with functional mobility and PA than submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics. In HF patients, submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics were similarly associated with GUG and CGS as VO2peak, but weakly associated with PA. Conclusions Based on their mobility performance, older HF patients with reduced ejection fraction are at risk for adverse functional outcomes. In this population, submaximal oxygen uptake measures may be equivalent to VO2 peak in predicting functional mobility, and in addition to being more feasible, may provide better insight into how aerobic function relates to mobility in older adults with HF.

关键词： Aging Congestive heart failure Mobility Oxygen uptake The elderly

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Submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics,functional mobility,and physical activity in older adults with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第05期 450-457页

作者： Scott L Hummel John Herald Craig alpert Kimberlee A Gretebeck Wendy S Champoux Donald R Dengel peter V Vaitkevicius Neil B Alexander Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System School of Nursing University of Wisconsin-Madison William Beaumont School of Medicine Oakland University School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Aspirus Health System

Background Submaximal oxygen uptake measures are more feasible and may better predict clinical cardiac outcomes than maximal tests in older adults with heart failure（HF）.We examined relationships between maximal oxygen uptake,submaximal oxygen kinetics,functional mobility,and physical activity in older adults with HF and reduced ejection *** Older adults with HF and reduced ejection fraction（n=25,age 75±7 years） were compared to 25 healthy age- and gender-matched *** included a maximal treadmill test for peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak),oxygen uptake kinetics at onset of and on recovery from a submaximal treadmill test,functional mobility testing[Get Up and Go（GUG）,Comfortable Gait Speed（CGS）,Unipedal Stance（US）],and self-reported physical activity（PA）.Results Compared to controls,HF had worse performance on GUG,CGS,and US,greater delays in submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics,and lower *** controls,VO2peakwas more strongly associated with functional mobility and PA than submaximal oxygen uptake *** HF patients,submaximal oxygen uptake kinetics were similarly associated with GUG and CGS as VO2peakbut weakly associated with *** Based on their mobility performance,older HF patients with reduced ejection fraction are at risk for adverse functional *** this population,submaximal oxygen uptake measures may be equivalent to VO2peak in predicting functional mobility,and in addition to being more feasible,may provide better insight into how aerobic function relates to mobility in older adults with HF.

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