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Polymersomes scalably fabri.ated vi. flash nano- preci.i.ati.n are non-toxi. i. non-human pri.ates and associ.te wi.h leukocytes i. the spleen and ki.ney followi.g i.travenous admi.i.trati.n

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5689-5703页

作者： Sean D. Allen Yu-Gang Li. Sharan Bobbala Lei.Cai.peter i. hecker Ryan Temel Evan A. Scott i.terdi.ci.li.ary Bi.logi.al Sci.nces Northwestern University IL 60208 USA Department of Bi.medi.al Engi.eeri.g Northwestern University IL 60208 USA Saha Cardi.vascular Research Center University of Kentucky KY40506 USA Department of Pharmacology and Nutri.i.nal Sci.nces University of Kentucky KY40506 USA

Vesi.ular nanocarri.r formulati.ns confer the abi.i.y to deli.er hydrophobi. and hydrophi.i. cargos si.ultaneously to cells of i.terest i. vi.o. Whi.e li.osomal formulati.ns reached the cli.i. long ago, younger technologi.s such as polymeri. vesi.les （polymersomes） have yet to make the transi.i.n to cli.i.al approval and use, i. part due to di.fi.ulti.s i. ensuri.g thei. safe and scalable producti.n. i. thi. work, we demonstrate the scalable producti.n of poly（ethylene glycol）-block-poly（propylene sulfi.e）（PEG-bl-PPS） polymersomes vi. flash nanopreci.i.ati.n, and further show the safe admi.i.trati.n of these nanocarri.rs to mi.e and non-human pri.ates. i. mi.e, PEG-bl-PPS polymersomes were found to be well tolerated at up to 200 mg/（***）. Followi.g the admi.i.trati.n of a more relevant 20 mg/（***） dosage i. non-human pri.ates, polymersomes were found to associ.te wi.h numerous phagocyti. i.mune cell populati.ns, i.cludi.g a remarkable 68% of plasmacytoi. dendri.i. cells and 〉 95% of macrophages i. the spleen, whi.e showi.g no toxi.i.y or abnormali.i.s i. the li.er, ki.ney, spleen, or blood. Despi.e the presence of a dense PEG corona, nei.her anti.PEG anti.odi.s nor complement acti.ati.n were detected. Thi. work provi.es evi.ence of the translatabi.i.y of PEG-bi.PPS polymersomes i.to the cli.i. for therapeuti. appli.ati.ns i. humans.

关键词： polymersome non-human pri.ate nanopreci.i.ati.n toxi.i.y bi.di.tri.uti.n

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Heat Transfer and Performance Characteri.ti.s of Axi.l Cooli.g Fans wi.h Downstream Gui.e Vanes

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Journal of Thermal Sci.nce 2012年第2期21卷 162-171页

作者： Alexandros Terzi. i.anni. Styli.nou Anesti. i. Kalfas peter Ott Group of Thermal Turbomachi.ery (GTT) School of Engi.eeri.g EPFL-SCI-STI-PO CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Laboratory of Flui. Mechani.s and Turbomachi.ery Dept. of Mechani.al Engi.eeri.g School of Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) GR-54124 Thessaloniki Greece

Thi. study exami.es experi.entally the effect of stators on the performance and heat transfer characteri.ti.s of small axi.l cooli.g fans. A si.gle fan i.peller, followed by ni.e stator blades i. the case of a complete stage, was used for all the experi.ental confi.urati.ns. Performance measurements were carri.d out i. a constant speed stage performance test ri. whi.e the transi.nt li.ui. crystal techni.ue was used for the heat transfer measurements. Full surface heat transfer coeffi.i.nt di.tri.uti.ns were obtai.ed by recordi.g the temperature hi.tory of li.ui. crystals on a target plate. The experi.ental data i.di.ated that the results are hi.hly affected by the flow condi.i.ns at the fan outlet. Stators can be benefi.i.l i. terms of pressure drop and effi.i.ncy, and thus more economi.al operati.n, as well as, i. the local heat transfer di.tri.uti.n at the wake of the stator blades i. the fan i. i.stalled very close to the cooli.g object. However, as the separati.n di.tance i.creases, enhanced heat transfer rate i. the order of 25% i. observed i. the case of the fan i.peller.

关键词： axi.l fans stators performance thermochromi. li.ui. crystals transi.nt heat transfer

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Hybri.i.ati.n and genome evoluti.n i. The role of conti.gency duri.g hybri. speci.ti.n

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 667-674页

作者： Fabri.e EROUKHMANOFF Ri.hard i. BAi.EY Glenn-peter SaeTRE Centre for Ecologi.al and Evoluti.nary Synthesi. (CEES) Department of Biology University of Oslo Norway

Homoploi. hybri. speci.ti.n （HHS） i.volves the recombi.ati.n of two di.ferenti.ted genomes i.to a novel, func- ti.nal one wi.hout a change i. chromosome number. Theoreti.ally, there are numerous ways for two parental genomes to recom- bi.e. Hence, chance may play a large role i. the formati.n of a hybri. speci.s. i. these genome combi.ati.ns can evolve rapi.ly followi.g hybri.i.ati.n and sympatri. si.uati.ns are numerous, recurrent homoploi. hybri. speci.ti.n i. a possi.i.i.y. We argue that three di.ferent, but not mutually exclusi.e, types of conti.genci.s could i.fluence thi. process. Fi.st, many of these ＂hopeful monsters＂ of recombi.ant parent genotypes would li.ely have low fi.ness. Only speci.i. combi.ati.ns of parental genomi. con- tri.uti.ns may produce vi.ble, i.tra-ferti.e hybri. speci.s able to accommodate potenti.l constrai.ts ari.i.g from i.tragenomi. confli.t. Second, ecologi.al condi.i.ns （competi.i.n, geography of the contact zones or the i.i.i.l frequency of both parent spe- ci.s） mi.ht favor di.ferent outcomes rangi.g from sympatri. coexi.tence to the formati.n of hybri. swarms and ulti.ately hybri. speci.ti.n. Fi.ally, hi.tory may also play an i.portant role i. promoti.g or constrai.i.g recurrent HHS i. multi.le hybri.i.ati.n events occur sequenti.lly and parental di.ergence or i.olati.n di.fers along thi. conti.uum. We di.cuss under whi.h condi.i.ns HHS may occur multi.le ti.es i. parallel and to what extent recombi.ati.n and selecti.n may fuse the parent genomes i. the same or di.ferent ways. We conclude by exami.i.g di.ferent approaches that mi.ht help to solve thi. i.tri.ui.g evoluti.nary puz- zle [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 667-674, 2013].

关键词： Di.ensi.nali.y Geneti. Mosai.i.m Hybri.i.ati.n Speci.ti.n

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Hybri.i.ati.n and genome evoluti.n i.： Mechani.ms of speci.s di.ergence and thei. effects on evoluti.n i. hybri.s

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 675-685页

作者： Ri.hard i. BAi.EY Fabri.e EROUKHMANOFF Glenn-peter SaeTRE Centre for Ecologi.al and Evoluti.nary Synthesi. (CEES) Department of Biology University of Oslo Norway

Recent genomi. studi.s have hi.hli.hted the i.portance of hybri.i.ati.n and gene exchange i. evoluti.n. We ask what factors cause vari.ti.n i. the i.pact of hybri.i.ati.n, through adaptati.n i. hybri.s and the li.eli.ood of hybri. speci.ti.n. Duri.g speci.ti.n, trai.s that di.erge due to both di.ergent and stabi.i.i.g selecti.n can contri.ute to the bui.dup of reproducti.e i.olati.n. Di.ergent di.ecti.nal selecti.n i. parent taxa should lead to i.termedi.te phenotypes i. hybri.s, whereas stabi.i.i.g se- lecti.n can also produce extreme, transgressi.e phenotypes when hybri.i.ati.n occurs. By exami.i.g exi.ti.g theory and em- pi.i.al data, we di.cuss how these effects, combi.ed wi.h di.ferences between modes of di.ergence i. the chromosomal di.tri.u- ti.n of i.compati.i.i.i.s, affect adaptati.n and speci.ti.n i. hybri. populati.ns. The result i. a clear and testable set of predi.- ti.ns that can be used to exami.e hybri. adaptati.n and speci.ti.n. Stabi.i.i.g selecti.n i. parents i.creases transgressi.n i. hy- bri.s, i.creasi.g the possi.i.i.y for novel adaptati.n. Di.ergent di.ecti.nal selecti.n causes i.termedi.te hybri. phenotypes and i.creases thei. abi.i.y to evolve along the di.ecti.n of parental di.ferenti.ti.n. Stabi.i.i.g selecti.n bi.ses i.compati.i.i.i.s to- wards autosomes, leadi.g to reduced sexual correlati.ns i. trai. values and reduced plei.tropy i. hybri.s, and hence i.creased freedom i. the di.ecti.n of evoluti.n. Di.ecti.nal selecti.n causes a bi.s towards sex-li.ked i.compati.i.i.i.s, wi.h the opposi.e consequences. Di.ergence by di.ecti.nal selecti.n leads to greater domi.ance effects than stabi.i.i.g selecti.n, wi.h major but vari.ble i.pacts on hybri. evoluti.n [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 675-685, 2013].

关键词： Evolvabi.i.y Constrai.ts Di.ensi.nali.y Hybri. Adaptati.n

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Comparati.e analysi. of cerami.-carbonate nanocomposi.e fuel cells usi.g composi.e GDC/NLC electrolyte wi.h di.ferent perovski.e structured cathode materi.ls

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Fronti.rs of Chemi.al Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g 2018年第1期12卷 162-173页

作者： Muhammad i. Asghar Sakari.Lepi.ko Janne Patakangas Janne Halme peter D. Lund New Energy Technologi.s Group Department of Applied Physics Aalto University P.O. BOX 15100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland

A comparati.e analysi. of perovski.e structured cathode materi.ls, La0.65Sr0.35Mn03 （LSM）, La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 （LSC）, La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 （LSF） and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.803 （LSCF）, was performed for a cerami.-carbonate nanocomposi.e fuel cell usi.g composi.e electrolyte consi.ti.g of Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95 （GDC） and a eutecti. mi.ture of Na2CO3 and Li.CO3. The compati.i.i.y of these nanocomposi.e electrode powder materi.ls was i.vesti.ated under ai., CO2 and ai./CO2 atmospheres at 550 ℃. Mi.roscopy measurements together wi.h energy di.persi.e X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） elementary analysi. revealed few spots wi.h hi.her counts of manganese relati.e to lanthanum and stronti.m under pure CO2 atmosphere. Furthermore, electrochemi.al i.pedance （Ei.） analysi. showed that LSC had the lowest resi.tance to oxygen reducti.n reacti.n （ORR）（14.12 Ω·cm^2） followed by LSF （15.23 Ω·cm^2）, LSCF （19.38Ω·cm^2） and LSM （〉 300 Ω·cm^2）. i. addi.i.n, low frequency Ei. measurements （down to 50 gHz） revealed two addi.i.nal semi.ci.cles at frequenci.s around 1 Hz. These semi.i.cles can yi.ld addi.i.nal i.formati.n about electrochemi.al reacti.ns i. the devi.e. Fi.ally, a fuel cell was fabri.ated usi.g GDC/NLC nanocomposi.e electrolyte and i.s composi.e wi.h Ni. and LSCF as anode and cathode, respecti.ely. The cell produced an excellent power densi.y of 1.06 W/cm^2 at 550 ℃ under fuel cell condi.i.ns.

关键词： electrode fuel cell low-temperature nano- composi.e perovski.e

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ELECTROACTi.E AND NANOSTRUCTURED POLYMERS AS SCAFFOLD MATERi.LS FOR NEURONAL AND CARDi.C Ti.SUE ENGi.EERi.G

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Chi.ese Journal of Polymer Sci.nce 2007年第4期25卷 331-339页

作者： Paul Bi.ez Eli.abeth Guterman-Tretter Alan G. MacDi.rmi. peter i. Lelkes 危岩 School of Bi.medi.al Engi.eeri.g Science & Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA School of Bi.medi.al Engi.eeri.g Science & Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of ChemistryDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Chemi.try University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Conducti.g polymer, polyani.i.e （PANi., has been studi.d as a novel electroacti.e and electri.ally conducti.e materi.l for ti.sue engi.eeri.g appli.ati.ns. The bi.compati.i.i.y of the conducti.e polymer can be i.proved by （i. covalently grafti.g vari.us adhesi.e pepti.es onto the surface of prefabri.ated conducti.g polymer fi.ms or i.to the polymer structures duri.g the synthesi., （i.） co-electrospi.ni.g or blendi.g wi.h natural protei.s to form conducti.g nanofi.ers or fi.ms, and （i.i. prepari.g conducti.g polymers usi.g bi.polymers, such as collagen, as templates. i. thi. paper, we mai.ly descri.e and revi.w the approaches of covalently attachi.g oli.opepti.es to PANi.and electrospi.ni.g PANi.gelati. blend nanofi.ers. The employment of such modi.i.d conducti.g polymers as substrates for enhanced cell attachment, proli.erati.n and di.ferenti.ti.n has been i.vesti.ated wi.h neuronal PC-12 cells and H9c2 cardi.c myoblasts. For the electrospun PANi. gelati. fi.ers, dependi.g on the concentrati.ns of PANi. H9c2 cells i.i.i.lly di.played di.ferent morphologi.s on the fi.rous substrates, but after one week all cultures reached confluence of si.i.ar densi.i.s and morphologi.s. Furthermore, we observed, that conducti.e PANi. when mai.tai.ed i. an aqueous physi.logi. envi.onment, retai.ed a si.ni.i.ant level of electri.al conducti.i.y for at least 100 h, even though thi. conducti.i.y was decreasi.g over ti.e. Preli.i.ary data show that the appli.ati.n of mi.ro-current sti.ulates the di.ferenti.ti.n of PC-12 cells. All the results demonstrate the potenti.l for usi.g PANi.as an electroacti.e polymer i. the culture of exci.able cells and open the possi.i.i.y of usi.g thi. materi.l as an electroacti.e scaffold for cardi.c and/or neuronal ti.sue engi.eeri.g appli.ati.ns that requi.e bi.compati.i.i.y of conducti.e polymers.

关键词： Polyani.i.e Conducti.e polymer Bi.compati.i.i.y Ti.sue engi.eeri.g.

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Contrai.di.ati.ns for vi.eo capsule endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 9898-9908页

作者： Di.k Bandorski.Ni.hls Kurni.wan peter Baltes Rei.hard Hoeltgen Matthi.s hecker Domi.i. Stunder Marti. Keuchel Uni.ersi.y of Gi.ssen and Marburg Lung Center Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Cli.i. for i.ternal Medi.i.e Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf Kli.i.um Westmünsterland St. Agnes-Hospital Bocholt Rhede Medical Clinic 1 Cardiology/Electrophysiology Research Center for Bi.electromagneti. i.teracti.n (femu) Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine RWTH Aachen University Hospital

Vi.eo capsule endoscopy(VCE) has been appli.d i. the last 15 years i. an i.creasi.g fi.ld of appli.ati.ns. Although many contrai.di.ati.ns have been put i.to perspecti.e, some precauti.ns sti.l have to be consi.ered. Known stenosi. of the gastroi.testi.al tract i. a clear contrai.di.ati.n for VCE unless surgery i. already scheduled or at least has been consi.ered as an opti.nal treatment modali.y. i. pati.nts wi.h a hi.her i.ci.ence of stenosi., as i. an establi.hed di.gnosi. of Crohn's di.ease, cli.i.al si.ns of obstructi.n, pri.r radi.ti.n or surgi.al small bowel resecti.n, a precedi.g test wi.h the self-di.solvi.g patency capsule can overri.e thi. contrai.di.ati.n. Endoscopi. placement of the capsule should be consi.ered i. pati.nts wi.h swallowi.g di.orders to avoi. aspi.ati.n. Esophageal or gastri. moti.i.y di.orders may requi.e endoscopi. capsule transport or appli.ati.n of proki.eti.s i. the real-ti.e vi.wer proofs delayed transi.. i. pregnant women, VCE should be restri.ted to urgent cases where di.gnosi. cannot be postponed after deli.ery, as data on safety are mi.si.g. There i. theoreti.al and cli.i.al evi.ence that pati.nts wi.h i.planted cardi.c devi.es such as a pacemaker, cardi.verters or left heart assi.t devi.es, can safely undergo VCE i. spi.e of sti.l exi.ti.g contrai.di.ati.n by manufacturers. Chi.dren from the age of 2 years have safely undergone VCE. Although vi.eo capsules are not proven safe wi.h magneti. resonance i.agi.g(MRi., fi.st si.gle cases of pati.nts i.ci.entally undergoi.g MRi.wi.h an i.corporated capsule have been reported, showi.g suscepti.i.i.y arti.acts but no si.ns of cli.i.al harm.

关键词： Vi.eo capsule endoscopy Contrai.di.ati.ns Stenosi. Pacemaker Aspi.ati.n Pregnancy Magneti. resonance i.agi.g

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The i.fluence of curi.g condi.i.ns on the mechani.al properti.s and leachi.g of i.organi. polymers made of fayali.i. slag

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Fronti.rs of Chemi.al Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g 2017年第3期11卷 317-327页

作者： Remus i. i.cobescu Valeri. Cappuyns Ti.ne Geens Lubi.a Kri.kova Si.vi.na Oni.ei.peter T. Jones Yi.nni. Ponti.es KU Leuven Department of Materials Engineering 3001 Leuven Belgium KU Leuven Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 3001 Leuven Belgium KU Leuven Faculty of Economics and Business 1000 Brussels Belgium KU Leuven Department of Healthcare and Technology 3001 Leuven Belgium

Thi. study reports on the i.pact of the curi.g condi.i.ns on the mechani.al properti.s and leachi.g of i.organi. polymer （i.） mortars made from a water quenched fayali.i. slag. Three si.i.ar i. mortars were produced by mi.i.g together slag, aggregate and acti.ati.g soluti.n, and cured i. three di.ferent envi.onments for 28 d： a） at 20℃ and relati.e humi.i.y （RH） - 50% （T20RH50）, b） at 20℃and RH≥90% （T20RH90） and c） at 60℃ and RH - 20% （T60RH20）. Compressi.e strength （EN 196-1） vari.d between 19 MPa （T20RH50） and 31 MPa （T20RH90）. Thi. was found to be attri.uted to the cracks formed upon curi.g. Geochemi.al modelli.g and two leachi.g tests were performed, the EA NEN 7375 tank test, and the BS EN 12457-1 si.gle batch test. Results show that Cu, Ni. Pb, Zn andAs leachi.g occurred even at hi.h pH, whi.h vari.d between 10 and 11 i. the tank test＇s leachates and between 12 and 12.5 i. the si.gle batch＇s leachates. Leachi.g values obtai.ed were below the requi.ements for non-shaped materi.ls of Flemi.h legi.lati.n for As, Cu and Ni.i. the si.gle batch test.

关键词： i.organi. polymer geochemi.al leachi.g modelli.g heavy metals recycli.g non-ferrous fayali.i. slag curi.g

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Chemi.ally modi.i.d STM ti.s for atomi.-resoluti.n i.agi.g of ultrathi. NaCi.fi.ms

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Nano Research 2015年第7期8卷 2223-2230页

作者： Zhe Li.Koen Schouteden Vi.leta lancu Ewald Janssens peter Li.vens Chri. Van Haesendonck Jorge i. Cerda Soli.-State Physi.s and Magneti.m Secti.n KU Leuven BE-3001 Leuven Belgium i.sti.uto de Ci.nci. de Materi.les ICMM-CSIC Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain

Cl-functi.nali.ed scanni.g tunneli.g mi.roscopy （STM） ti.s are fabri.ated by modi.yi.g a tungsten STM ti. i. si.u on i.lands of ultrathi. NaCi.100） fi.ms on Au（111） surfaces. The functi.nali.ed ti.s are used to achi.ve clear atomi.- resoluti.n i.agi.g of NaCi.100） i.lands. i. compari.on wi.h bare metal ti.s, the chemi.ally modi.i.d ti.s yi.ld drasti.ally enhanced spati.l resoluti.n as well as contrast reversal i. STM topographs, i.plyi.g that Na atoms, rather than C1 atoms, are i.aged as protrusi.ns. STM si.ulati.ns based on a Green＇s functi.n formali.m reveal that the experi.entally observed contrast reversal i. the STM topographs i. due to the hi.hly locali.ed character of the Cl-pz states at the ti. apex. An addi.i.nal remarkable characteri.ti. of the modi.i.d ti.s i. that i. di.dV maps, a Na atom appears as a ri.g wi.h a di.meter that depends cruci.lly on the ti.-sample di.tance.

关键词： scanni.g tunneli.g mi.roscopy(STM)ultrathi. i.sulati.g fi.ms functi.nali.ed stm-ti. sm si.ulati.n

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Bli.d spots i. cli.ate fi.ance for i.novati.n peter WARREN

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Advances i. Cli.ate Change Research 2020年第1期11卷 60-64页

作者： peter WARREN School of Publi. Poli.y University College London(UCL)LondonWCIH 9QUUK

i.ternati.nal cli.ate fi.ance i. a sub-set of green fi.ance and refers to i.vestments speci.i.ally i. cli.ate change mi.i.ati.n and adaptati.n acti.i.i.s,whi.h pri.ari.y i.volve publi. fi.ance and the leveragi.g of pri.ate fi.ance i. developi.g *** addi.i.n to conti.ued i.ternati.nal support for scali.g low carbon soluti.ns and faci.i.ati.g repli.abi.i.y i. developi.g countri.s,there remai.s an i.portant need to i.crease the amount of cli.ate fi.ance provi.ed to i.novati.n,parti.ularly demonstrati.n(for technology i.novati.n)and pi.ot i.plementati.n(for poli.y i.novati.n),and to channel a greater proporti.n of Offi.i.l Development Assi.tance(ODA)to‘hard-to-abate'areas,such as i.dustri.l decarboni.ati.n,i.ternati.nal transport and cross-sectoral i.sues li.e cooli.g and behavi.ural i.si.hts,to accelerate the commerci.li.ati.n and i.plementati.n of technologi.al,li.anci.l and poli.y soluti.ns to contri.ute to meeti.g the Pari. Agreement's goal of li.i.i.g global warmi.g to‘well-below'2℃ i. these *** research,development and demonstrati.n(RD&D)support wi.h techni.al assi.tance i. i.portant i. provi.i.g the route to obtai. wi.er donor fi.ance(concessi.nal fi.ance)and pri.ate fi.ance to enable deployment through scalabi.i.y and repli.abi.i.y.

关键词： Cli.ate fi.ance Cli.ate poli.y Pari. Agreement Offi.i.l development assi.tance i.dustri.l decarboni.ati.n Sustai.able cooli.g Behavi.ural i.si.hts i.ternati.nal transport

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