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Sensitivity of Coupled Chaotic Dynamical System to Parameters in the Context of Data Assimilation

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2013年第12期3卷 641-654页

作者： Sergei Soldatenko david Smith peter Steinle Chris Tingwell The Center for Australian Climate and Weather Research 700 Collins Street Melbourne 3008 Australia

In this paper, a numerical modeling tool is described which can be used to explore various aspects of four dimensional variational data assimilation and parameter estimation arising in geophysical, environmental, biological and engineering sciences. A major component of this tool is a coupled chaotic dynamical system obtained by coupling two versions of the well-known Lorenz （1963） model with different time scales which differ by a certain time-scale factor. A tangent linear model and its adjoint are considered that correspond to a coupled chaotic system. The general idea of applying sensitivity measures （sensitivity functions） to coupled systems, emphasizing the data assimilation aspects, is explored as well by the forward sensitivity approach. For this purpose the set of sensitivity equations is derived from the nonlinear equations of the coupled dynamical system. To estimate the influence of model parameter uncertainties on the simulated state variables the relative error in the energy norm is used.

关键词： Data assimilation dynamical system sensitivity analysis.

Temporal Patterns of Software Evolution Defects: A Comparative Analysis of Open Source and Closed Source Projects

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2011年第8期4卷 497-511页

作者： Uzma Raja Joanne Elaine Hale david peter Hale 不详

This study examines temporal patterns of software systems defects using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) approach. Defect reports from ten software application projects are analyzed;five of these projects are open source and five are closed source from two software vendors. Across all sampled projects, the ARIMA time series modeling technique provides accurate estimates of reported defects during software maintenance, with organizationally dependent parameterization. In contrast to causal models that require extraction of source-code level metrics, this approach is based on readily available defect report data and is less computation intensive. This approach can be used to improve software maintenance and evolution resource allocation decisions and to identify outlier projects—that is, to provide evidence of unexpected defect reporting patterns that may indicate troubled projects.

关键词： Open Source Software Software Defects Software Maintenance Time Series Analysis

Disruption of orbitofrontal-hypothalamic projections in a murine ALS model and in human patients

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第2期10卷 213-229页

作者： david Bayer Stefano Antonucci Hans-peter Muller Rami Saad Luc Dupuis Volker Rasche Tobias M.Bockers Albert C.Ludolph Jan Kassubek Francesco Roselli Department of Neurology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany CEMMA(Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Aging)Research Training Group UlmGermany University of Strasbourg StrasbourgFrance Department of Internal Medicine II Ulm University Medical CentreUlmGermany Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases-DZNE UlmGermany

Background:Increased catabolism has recently been recognized as a clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).The hypothalamic systems have been shown to be involved in the metabolic dysfunction in ALS,but the exact extent of hypothalamic circuit alterations in ALS is yet to be *** we explored the integrity of large-scale cortico-hypothalamic circuits involved in energy homeostasis in murine models and in ALS ***:The rAAV2-based large-scale projection mapping and image analysis pipeline based on Wholebrain and Ilastik software suites were used to identify and quantify projections from the forebrain to the lateral hypothalamus in the SOD1(G93A)ALS mouse model(hypermetabolic)and the FusΔNLS ALS mouse model(normo-metabolic).3 T diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)-magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed on 83 ALS and 65 control cases to investigate cortical projections to the lateral hypothalamus(LHA)in ***:Symptomatic SOD1(G93A)mice displayed an expansion of projections from agranular insula,ventrolateral orbitofrontal and secondary motor cortex to the *** findings were reproduced in an independent cohort by using a different analytic *** contrast,in the FusΔNLS ALS mouse model hypothalamic inputs from insula and orbitofrontal cortex were maintained while the projections from motor cortex were *** DTI-MRI data confirmed the disruption of the orbitofrontal-hypothalamic tract in ALS ***:This study provides converging murine and human data demonstrating the selective structural disruption of hypothalamic inputs in ALS as a promising factor contributing to the origin of the hypermetabolic phenotype.

关键词： rAAV2 Agranular insula Orbitofrontal cortex Lateral hypothalamus Hypermetabolism Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Ricochet quantification using a multiple sensor approach

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第2期17卷 305-314页

作者： Michael Muster Amer Hameed david Wood Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the United KingdomShrivenhamSN68LAUK

This study investigates the ricochet behaviour of three different small-arms projectile types using a novel ricochet measuring *** results can be used to estimate the danger potential of ricochets on shooting ranges.A ricochet is the change of direction and velocity of a projectile after impacting an oblique *** impact produces strong vibrations on a rigid *** this impact,flexural waves travel radially outwards from the point of *** waves are used to determine the properties of the impactor with accelerometers situated on the target *** the use of two measurement plates,one can produce a ricochet and detect the velocity at the same *** are suitable for accurate momentum measurements of single ***,depending upon strike velocity and the impact angle,a ricochet can separate in multiple fragments after being *** the operational safety perspective,these fragments need to be detected,as *** approach of a coupled sensor concept was chosen to solve this *** sensors were additionally used to visualise the heat which is produced after penetrating a rubber layer pasted in front of the steel target *** this approach one was able to detect the position of *** investigations showed that the measurement system performance is better with a multiple sensor design,which includes accelerometers for the velocity,impact strength and partly the position measurement,while the thermographic sensor was used for the position measurement and partly the momentum *** investigated ammunition showed plausible fragmentation behaviour,and the results can already be used to estimate the danger potential of different ammunition *** projectiles fragment to small particles already after being deflected under a small ***,Full Metal Jacket projectiles with or without a steel core do not fragment under angles which are less than 5.The objective of the pa

关键词： Ricochet analysis Small-calibre ammunition Velocity measurement Thermography

COVID-19 and Tax Law:A Current View from the United States

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第1期1卷 58-62页

作者： peter A.Barnes H.david Rosenbloom Duke Center for International Development Duke University New York University School of Law

The effects of the worldwide ep-idemic of COVID-19 insofar as *** law is concerned are very r eal,very large,and grasped for the most part only by tax *** there is one exception:all Americans now see the Internal Revenue Service(IRS)not only as a tax collector but also the agency sending$1,200 to almost every American adult,plus$500 for most children.

关键词： COVID-19 and Tax Law A Current View the United States IRS

Low temperature chemical sintering of inkjet-printed Zn nanoparticles for highly conductive flexible electronic components

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npj Flexible Electronics 2021年第1期5卷 115-122页

作者： Subimal Majee Mikael C.F.Karlsson Pawel Jerzy Wojcik Anurak Sawatdee Mohammad Yusuf Mulla Naveed ul Hassan Alvi peter Dyreklev Valerio Beni david Nilsson RISE Research Institutes of Sweden NorrköpingSweden.2Energy and Environment Science and TechnologyIdaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsIDUnited States.3redoxme ABResearch&Development DepartmentNorrköpingSweden

This study illustrates an innovative way to fabricate inkjet-printed tracks by sequential printing of Zn nanoparticle ink and curing ink for low temperature in situ chemical *** chemical curing in place of standard sintering methods leads to the advantages of using flexible substrates that may not withstand the high thermal budgets of the standard methods.A general formulation engineering method is adopted to produce highly concentrated Zn ink which is cured by inkjet printing an over-layer of aqueous acetic acid which is the curing *** experimental results reveal that a narrow window of acid concentration of curing ink plays a crucial role in determining the electrical properties of the printed Zn *** conductive(~10^(5)S m^(−1))and mechanically flexible printed Zn features are *** addition,from systematic material characterization,we obtain an understanding of the curing ***,a touch sensor circuit is demonstrated involving all-Zn printed conductive tracks.

关键词： nanoparticles conductive curing

Absence of Na^+/sugar cotransport activity in Barrett's metaplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1365-1369页

作者： Lisa J Murray owen Tully david S Rudolph Marysue Whitby Mary C Valenzano Giancarlo Mercogliano James J Thornton James M Mullin Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Saint Joseph's UniversityDepartment of BiologyPhiladelphiaPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of Medicine WynnewoodPA 19096United States Lankenau Hospital Department of MedicineWynnewoodPA 19096 United States Lankenau Institute for Medical Research WynnewoodPAUnited States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewood PA 19096United States Lankeanu Hospital Division of GastroenterologyWynnewoodPA 19096United States

AIM:To evaluate the presence of Na+-dependent, active, sugar transport in Barrett's epithelia as an intestinal biomarker, based on the well-documented, morphological intestinal phenotype of Barrett's esophagus (BE). METHODS: We examined uptake of the nonmeta- bolizable glucose analogue, alpha-methyl-D-glucoside (AMG), a substrate for the entire sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) family of transport proteins. During upper endoscopy, patients with BE or with uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) allowed for duodenal, gastric fundic, and esophageal mucosal biopsies to be taken. Biopsies were incubated in bicarbonate-buffered saline (KRB) containing 0.1 mmol/L 14C-AMG for 60 min at 20℃. Characterized by abundant SGLT, duodenum served as a positive control while gastric fundus and normal esophagus, known to lack SGLT, served as negative controls. RESULTS: Duodenal biopsies accumulated 249.84 ± 35.49 (SEM) picomoles AMG/μg DNA (n = 12), gastric fundus biopsies 36.20 ± 6.62 (n = 12), normal esophagus 12.10 ± 0.59 (n = 3) and Barrett's metaplasia 29.79 ± 5.77 (n = 8). There was a statistical difference (P < 0.01) between biopsies from duodenum and each other biopsy site but there was no statistically significant difference between normal esophagus and BE biopsies. 0.5 mmol/L phlorizin (PZ) inhibited AMG uptake into duodenal mucosa by over 89%, but had nosignificant effect on AMG uptake into gastric fundus, normal esophagus, or Barrett's tissue. In the absence of Na+ (all Na+ salts replaced by Li+ salts), AMG uptake in duodenum was decreased by over 90%, while uptake into gastric, esophageal or Barrett's tissue was statistically unaffected. CONCLUSION: Despite the intestinal enterocyte phenotype of BE, Na+-dependent, sugar transport activity is not present in these cells.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Cancer Biomarker Sodium glucose cotransporters Glucose transport Alphamethyl-D-glucoside Phlorizin Esophagus Metaplasia

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我的航空公司

大学英语 2011年第9期 4-6页

作者： david owen 何小玲

本航空公司对行李追加收费并非新闻,已有数年：多一个高尔夫球包,即使是空的也得收费;用绳或胶带捆扎的纸箱得收费;卷起来的长东西带进机舱得收费;我不得不帮你把随身行李放上去、取下本来,这得收费;你将东西塞进头顶上方的行李箱,把旁... 详细信息

本航空公司对行李追加收费并非新闻,已有数年：多一个高尔夫球包,即使是空的也得收费;用绳或胶带捆扎的纸箱得收费;卷起来的长东西带进机舱得收费;我不得不帮你把随身行李放上去、取下本来,这得收费;你将东西塞进头顶上方的行李箱,把旁边我的运动服挤皱,而折叠这运动服时我将衬里翻出来花了很长时间,这得收费;你的行李包太大,我只好将自己的公文包塞进另一排行李箱中,这得收费。

关键词：航空公司行李箱高尔夫球运动服收费公文包李放

Atomic Crosschain Transactions for Ethereum Private Sidechains

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第1期3卷 23-39页

作者： peter Robinson Raghavendra Ramesh Sandra Johnson ConsenSys Software R&D Brisbane4520Australia School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers(ACEMS) Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland 4001Australia

The Atomic Crosschain Transaction for Ethereum Private Sidechains protocol allows composable programming across permissioned Ethereum *** allows for inter-contract and inter-blockchain function calls that are both synchronous and atomic:if one part fails,the whole call tree of function calls is *** protocol is not based on existing techniques such as Hash Time Locked Contracts,relay chains,block header transfer,or trusted *** uses(a)threshold signatures to prove values across blockchains,(b)coordination contracts to manage the state of crosschain transactions,and(c)a function call tree commitment scheme to allow users to commit to a call tree and then later check that the correct function calls have been *** paper analyses the processing overhead of using this technique compared to using multiple standard non-atomic single blockchain *** additional processing is analysed for four scenarios involving multiple blockchains:a Trade–Finance system,the Hotel–Train problem,a Supply Chain with Provenance,and an *** protocol is shown to have both safety and liveness properties.

关键词： Crosschain Blockchain Transaction Atomic Ethereum