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cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： R.Scott Duncan Sean M.Riordan Matthew c.Gernon peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human body.They have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human diseases.Some of these include central nervous system(cNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.In addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal cNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for cNS diseases.This review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple cNS pathologies.In addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of cNS diseases.cannabinoids and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

State of telemedicine use in pediatric surgery in the USA-where we stand and what we can gain from the cOVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2021年第1期4卷 43-48页

作者： Gregory Metzger Kris Jatana Jordan Apfeld Katherine J Deans peter c minneci Ihab Halaweish Department of Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA Department of Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA center for Surgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Within the last decade,the use of telemedicine within in primary care in the USA has greatly expanded;however,use remains uncommon in surgical specialties.The spread of coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)prompted healthcare institutions to limit in-person contact,resulting in an increase in telemedicine across all specialties,including pediatric surgery.The aims of this review were to evaluate potential barriers that limited the use of telemedicine in pediatric surgery prior to the cOVID-19 period and to define how best to incorporate its use into a pediatric surgical practice going forward.Methods A scoping review was performed to identify gaps in the literature pertaining to the use of telemedicine within general pediatric surgery in the USA prior to the outbreak of cOVID-19.Next,a focused evaluation of the legislative and organizational policies on telemedicine was performed.Lastly,findings were summarized and recommendations for future research developed in the context of understanding and overcoming barriers that have plagued widespread adoption in the past.Results Despite evidence of telemedicine being safe and well received by adult surgical patients,a total of only three studies representing original research on the use of telemedicine within pediatric surgery were identified.Legislative and organizational policies regarding telemedicine have been altered in response to cOVID-19,likely resulting in an increase in the use of telemedicine among pediatric surgeons.conclusions Telemedicine offers a safe and effective option for patients seeking an alternative to the in-person clinic appointment.The increased utilization of telemedicine during the cOVID-19 pandemic will provide an opportunity to learn how best to leverage the technology to decrease disparities and to overcome previous barriers.

关键词： pediatric overcome prompt

Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： changqing Lin peter K.K.Louie Alexis K.H.Lau Jimmy c.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shakhaoat Hossain chengcai Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei Key Laboratory of critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public Health and Informatics Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jockey club School of Public Health and Primary care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations.In this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the BTH.Due to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTH.Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based methods.Together with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk carbon neutrality Mega-events

comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen chris R.Burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele peter R.Amer Susanne Meier claire V.c.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure precisely.Examples include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or lifespan.Incomplete measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound respectively.Here we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example trait.Methods We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New Zealand.We used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three visits.Three methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation approach.Results credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was reduced.For sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to 0.95.The estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring increased.conclusion Our results indicate that using some methods,phenotypes derived from one observ

关键词： cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte carlo(McMc) Puberty

A flexible,thin-film microchannel electrode array device for selective subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve recording

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 115-128页

作者： Jongcheon Lim peter A.Zoss Terry L.Powley Hyowon Lee Matthew P.Ward Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Birck Nanotechnology center Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA center for Implantable Devices Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

The vagus nerve(VN)plays an important role in regulating physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract by communicating via the parasympathetic pathway to the enteric nervous system(ENS).However,the lack of knowledge in the neurophysiology of the VN and GI tract limits the development of advanced treatments for autonomic dysfunctions related to the VN.To better understand the complicated underlying mechanisms of the VN-GI tract neurophysiology,it is necessary to use an advanced device enabled by microfabrication technologies.Among several candidates including intraneural probe array and extraneural cuff electrodes,microchannel electrode array devices can be used to interface with smaller numbers of nerve fibers by securing them in the separate channel structures.Previous microchannel electrode array devices to interface teased nerve structures are relatively bulky with thickness around 200µm.The thick design can potentially harm the delicate tissue structures,including the nerve itself.In this paper,we present a flexible thin film based microchannel electrode array device(thickness:11.5µm)that can interface with one of the subdiaphragmatic nerve branches of the VN in a rat.We demonstrated recording evoked compound action potentials(EcAP)from a transected nerve ending that has multiple nerve fibers.Moreover,our analysis confirmed that the signals are from c-fibers that are critical in regulating autonomic neurophysiology in the GI tract.

关键词： electrode recording film

Highly-sensitive wafer-scale transfer-free graphene MEMS condenser microphones

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone Sebastian Anzinger Gabriele Baglioni Hutomo Suryo Wasisto Pasqualina M.Sarro peter G.Steeneken Sten Vollebregt Laboratory of Electronic components Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Technologies AG Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanoscience Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering(PME) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Since the performance of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)-based microphones is approaching fundamental physical,design,and material limits,it has become challenging to improve them.Several works have demonstrated graphene’s suitability as a microphone diaphragm.The potential for achieving smaller,more sensitive,and scalable onchip MEMS microphones is yet to be determined.To address large graphene sizes,graphene-polymer heterostructures have been proposed,but they compromise performance due to added polymer mass and stiffness.This work demonstrates the first wafer-scale integrated MEMS condenser microphones with diameters of 2R=220-320μm,thickness of 7 nm multi-layer graphene,that is suspended over a back-plate with a residual gap of 5μm.The microphones are manufactured with MEMS compatible wafer-scale technologies without any transfer steps or polymer layers that are more prone to contaminate and wrinkle the graphene.Different designs,all electrically integrated are fabricated and characterized allowing us to study the effects of the introduction of a back-plate for capacitive read-out.The devices show high mechanical compliances c_(m)=0.081-1.07μmPa^(−1)(10-100×higher than the silicon reported in the state-of-the-art diaphragms)and pull-in voltages in the range of 2-9.5 V.In addition,to validate the proof of concept,we have electrically characterized the graphene microphone when subjected to sound actuation.An estimated sensitivity of S_(1kHz)=24.3-321 mV Pa^(−1)for a V_(bias)=1.5 V was determined,which is 1.9-25.5×higher than of state-of-the-art microphone devices while having a~9×smaller area.

关键词： transfer plate approaching

Wear-resistant cocrNi multi-principal element alloy at cryogenic temperature

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 227-236页

作者： Yue Ren Qing Zhou Dongpeng Hua Zhuobin Huang Yulong Li Qian Jia peter Gumbsch christian Greiner Haifeng Wang Weimin Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Institute for Applied Materials Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany IAM-ZM MicroTribology centerμTc Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany Fraunhofer IWM Freiburg 79108Germany State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Traditional high strength engineering alloys suffer from serious surface brittleness and inferior wear performance when servicing under sliding contact at cryogenic temperature.Here,we report that the recently emerging cocrNi multi-principal element alloy defies this trend and presents dramatically enhanced wear resistance when temperature decreases from 273 to 153 K,surpassing those of cryogenic austenitic steels.The temperature-dependent structure characteristics and deformation mechanisms influencing the cryogenic wear resistance of cocrNi are clarified through microscopic observation and atomistic simulation.It is found that sliding-induced subsurface structures show distinct scenarios at different deformation temperatures.At cryogenic condition,significant grain refinement and a deep plastic zone give rise to an extended microstructural gradient below the surface,which can accommodate massive sliding deformation,in direct contrast to the strain localization and delamination at 273 K.Meanwhile,the temperature-dependent cryogenic deformation mechanisms(stacking fault networks and phase transformation)also provide additional strengthening and toughening of the subsurface material.These features make the cocrNi alloy particularly wear resistant at cryogenic conditions and an excellent candidate for safety–critical applications.

关键词： Multi-principal element alloy cryogenic temperature Wear cocrNi

Full-spectrum Bi@SrTiO_(3) for bi-directional promotion effects on photocatalytic redox reaction:Insight into intermediates and mechanism

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 917-929,I0004页

作者： Bin Liu Nanhao Zhou Jun Liu Xinglei Wang peter K.J.Robertson Xiaoyuan chen chao chen Jianmin Luo chuanyi Wang School of chemistry and civil Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan512005China chengdu customs Technology center Chengdu610041China Key Laboratory of Pollutant chemistry and Environmental Treatment College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceYili Normal UniversityYining835000China School of chemistry and chemical Engineering Queen's University BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfastBT95AGUnited Kingdom Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence(GIII) Guangzhou511400China

The development of full-spectrum photocatalysts active in the near-infrared(NIR)region has gained increasing attention for deleterious pollutant removal.The integration of plasmonic metals with semico nductors is an effective way to widen the light re sponse range of photocatalysts due to the strong light absorption and fast plasmonic energy transfer of the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR).In this work,the full-spectrum responsive Bi@SrTiO_(3) was prepared via facile solvothermal chemical reduction.The optimal Bi@SrTiO_(3) achieves exceptional photocatalytic cr(VI)reduction efficiency and tetracycline degradation,realizing bi-directional promotion effects on redox reaction.According to density functional theory(DFT)simulations,the extraordinary photocatalytic performance is attributed to the tunable builtin electric field(IEF)of the Ohmic contact.The favorable adaptability in real water and high stability of BSTO-25 were proved by experime ntal results.And the po ssible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on theoretical calculation and experimental results.Furthermore,the non-toxicity of the BSTO-25 was evaluated by E.coli cultivation,which further proves the feasibility of treating wastewater with BSTO-25.This work provides a new perspective on constructing full-spectrum-driven photocatalysts for applications dealing with environmental remediation.

关键词： Full-spectrum photocatalysts Localized surface plasmon resonance Ohmic contact cr(Ⅵ)reduction Antibiotic degradation Rare earths

Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism with cerebellar Ataxia in a Twenty-Six-Year-Old Female: A case Report

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 83-90页

作者： Bibiana I. Oti Geoffrey Okorie peter chime Ethel chime Birinus Ezeala-Adikaibe casmir Orjioke Fintan Ekochin Michael c. Abonyi Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Gordon Holmes Syndrome is a rare inherited disease characterized by both neurological and reproductive signs and symptoms. Most patients develop neurologic challenges in early adulthood and cerebellar ataxia occurs as the disease progresses. In the majority of patients, hypogonadism is hypogonadotropic but rarely hypergonadotropic. We report a case of a 26-year-old female in Nigeria, with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and cerebellar atrophy from a non-consanguineous marriage and no family history.

关键词： Gordon Holmes Syndrome Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism cerebellar Ataxia Neuroendocrine Disorder