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Glycolysis and glucose metabolism as a target for bioenergetic and neuronal protection in glaucoma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1637-1638页

作者： pete A.Williams Robert J.Casson Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Ophthalmic Research Laboratories Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia

Vision is arguably our most valued sense,yet approximately 340 million people globally suffer blindness or moderate visual impairment,highlighting the need to further develop and advance treatments for ophthalmic diseases.Glaucoma refers to a group of ocular disorders united by a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy with associated retinal ganglion cell loss.

关键词： metabolism glaucoma globally

Pyrroloquinoline quinone:a potential neuroprotective compound for neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 41-53页

作者： Alessio Canovai pete A.Williams Department of Biology University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Eye and VisionSt.Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a quinone described as a cofactor for many bacterial dehydrogenases and is reported to exert an effect on metabolism in mammalian cells/tissues.Pyrroloquinoline quinone is present in the diet being available in foodstuffs,conferring the potential of this compound to be supplemented by dietary administration.Pyrroloquinoline quinone’s nutritional role in mammalian health is supported by the extensive deficits in reproduction,growth,and immunity resulting from the dietary absence of pyrroloquinoline quinone,and as such,pyrroloquinoline quinone has been considered as a“new vitamin.”Although the classification of pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vitamin needs to be properly established,the wide range of benefits for health provided has been reported in many studies.In this respect,pyrroloquinoline quinone seems to be particularly involved in regulating cell signaling pathways that promote metabolic and mitochondrial processes in many experimental contexts,thus dictating the rationale to consider pyrroloquinoline quinone as a vital compound for mammalian life.Through the regulation of different metabolic mechanisms,pyrroloquinoline quinone may improve clinical deficits where dysfunctional metabolism and mitochondrial activity contribute to induce cell damage and death.Pyrroloquinoline quinone has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective properties in different experimental models of neurodegeneration,although the link between pyrroloquinoline quinone-promoted metabolism and improved neuronal viability in some of such contexts is still to be fully elucidated.Here,we review the general properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone and its capacity to modulate metabolic and mitochondrial mechanisms in physiological contexts.In addition,we analyze the neuroprotective properties of pyrroloquinoline quinone in different neurodegenerative conditions and consider future perspectives for pyrroloquinoline quinone’s potential in health and disease.

关键词： metabolism mitochondria neurodegenerative disease neuroprotection pyrroloquinoline quinone retinal diseases

Scavenging and release of REE and HFSE by Na-metasomatism in magmatic-hydrothermal systems

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 315-323页

作者： Wu-Bin Yang He-Cai Niu Ning-Bo Li pete Hollings Shannon Zurevinski Roger H.Mitchell Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China Department of Geology Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada

Exploitable or potentially exploitable deposits of critical metals,such as rare-earth(REE)and high-field-strength elements(HFSE),are commonly associated with alkaline or peralkaline igneous rocks.However,the origin,transport and concentration of these metals in peralkaline systems remains poorly understood.This study presents the results of a mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Na-metasomatism of alkali amphiboles and clinopyroxenes from a barren peralkaline granite pluton in NE China,to assess the remobilization and redistribution of REE and HFSE during magmatic-hydrothermal evolution.Alkali amphiboles and aegirine-augites from the peralkaline granites show evolutionary trends from sodic-calcic to sodic compositions,with increasing REE and HFSE concentrations as a function of increasing Na-index[Na^(#),defined as molar Na/(Na+Ca)ratios].The Na-amphiboles(i.e.,arfvedsonite)and aegirine-augites can be subsequently altered,or breakdown,to form hydrothermal aegirine during late-or post-magmatic alteration.Representative compositions analyzed by insitu LA-ICPMS show that the primary aegirine-augites have high and variable REE(2194-3627 ppm)and HFSE(4194-16,862 ppm)contents,suggesting that these critical metals can be scavenged by alkali amphiboles and aegirine-augites.Compared to the primary aegirine-augites,the presentative early replacement aegirine(Aeg-I,Na^(#)=0.91-0.94)has notably lower REE(1484-1972)and HFSE(4351-5621)contents.In contrast,the late hydrothermal aegirine(Aeg-II,Na^(#)=0.92-0.96)has significantly lower REE(317-456 ppm)and HFSE(6.44-72.2 ppm)contents.Given that the increasing Na^(#)from aegirine-augites to hydrothermal aegirines likely resulted from Na-metasomatism,a scavenging-release model can explain the remobilization of REE and HFSE in peralkaline granitic systems.The scavenging and release of REE and HFSE by Na-metasomatism provides key insights into the genesis of globally significant REE and HFSE deposits.The high Na-index of the hydrothermal aegirine might be useful as a geo

关键词： Critical metals Alkali amphiboles Na-metasomatism REE and HFSE Na-index(Na^(#))

Cropping leads to loss of soil organic matter: How can we prevent it?

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 8-10页

作者： Vincent CHAPLOT pete SMITH Institut de Recherche pour le Développement(IRD) Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du ClimatExpérimentations et Approches NumériquesUMR 7159IRD-CNRS-UPMC-MNHNCedex 05Paris 75252France Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK

Soil organic matter(SOM),which associates carbon(C)to key plant nutrients,has been stored in soil for thousands of years.Scientists have long recognised its positive impact on key environmental functions such as food production and climate regulation.As soon as a virgin land(forest or grassland)is cultivated,there is a tendency for the soil to lose its SOM,and we still largely misunderstand the underlying mechanisms,leading to inappropriate decisions being taken to fight soil,climate,and overall ecosystem degradation.

关键词： soil grassland forest

Soil inorganic carbon sequestration through alkalinity regeneration using biologically induced weathering of rock powder and biochar

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第4期4卷 293-306页

作者： Muhammad Azeem Sajjad Raza Gang Li pete Smith Yong-Guan Zhu Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Ningbo Observation and Research Station Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Zhejiang Key Lab of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in BeilunNingbo 315830China Institute of Soil and Environmental Science Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPunjab 46300Pakistan School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 21000China Institute of Biological&Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23 St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UUUK

Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)accounts for about half of the C reserves worldwide and is considered more stable than soil organic carbon(SOC).However,soil acidification,driven mainly by nitrogen(N)fertilization can accelerate SIC losses,possibly leading to complete loss under continuous and intensive N fertilization.Carbonate-free soils are less fertile,productive,and more prone to erosion.Therefore,minimizing carbonate losses is essential for soil health and climate change mitigation.Rock/mineral residues or powder have been suggested as a cheaper source of amendments to increase soil alkalinity.However,slow mineral dissolution limits its efficient utilization.Soil microorganisms play a vital role in the weathering of rocks and their inoculation with mineral residues can enhance dissolution rates.Biochar is an alternative material for soil amendments,in particular,bone biochar(BBC)contains higher Ca and Mg that can induce even higher alkalinity.This review covers i)the contribution and mechanism of rock residues in alkalinity generation,ii)the role of biochar or BBC to soil alkalinity,and iii)the role of microbial inoculation for accelerating alkalinity generation through enhanced mineral dissolution.We conclude that using rock residues/BBC combined with microbial agents could mitigate soil acidification and SIC losses and also improve agricultural circularity.

关键词： Soil acidity Climate change Valorizing of waste Biological weathering

Analysis of temporal changes in land cover and landscape metrics of a managed forest in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey: 1970–2010

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 139-150页

作者： Hayati Zengin Ahmet Salih Degermenci pete Bettinger Department of Forest Management and Planning Faculty of Forestry Duzce University Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia

Forest structure changes continuously by natural and anthropogenic effects. Because the level of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are related to this structure, some attributes have to be controlled while they are being managed. In this paper we describe the long-term temporal changes in land area and landscape metrics related to different land uses of a managed forest in Turkey. The study was carried out for the Daday Forest Planning Unit located in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The total area is 16,813 ha and besides wood production, it is managed for erosion control, public health, aesthetics, and recreation. Stand type maps that were constructed in 1970,1989, 1999, and 2010 were used in this analysis. Transition matrixes that illustrate area changes among cover types and temporal changes on some landscape metrics were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. Stands were separated into small patches, and thus the number of patches increased nearly two-fold between 1970 and 2010. The total forest edge increased and through the associated fragmentation, the amount of core forest area decreased at the landscape scale. Landscape metrics were applied to digitized versions of historical maps to assess how forest area changed. Human use of the land has changed, forest management practices have evolved, and these along with natural forest growth have contributed to interesting changes in landscape character.

关键词： Landscape metrics Land cover change Temporal change Turkey

Mixed-effects modeling for tree height prediction models of Oriental beech in the Hyrcanian forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第5期29卷 1195-1204页

作者： Siavash Kalbi Asghar Fallah pete Bettinger Shaban Shataee Rassoul Yousefpour Sari Agriculture and Natural Resource University SariMazandaran Iran Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Gorgan Agriculture and Natural Resource University Gorgan Golestan Iran Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany

Height–diameter relationships are essential elements of forest assessment and modeling efforts.In this work,two linear and eighteen nonlinear height–diameter equations were evaluated to find a local model for Oriental beech（Fagus orientalis Lipsky） in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran.The predictive performance of these models was first assessed by different evaluation criteria： adjusted R^2（R^2_（adj））,root mean square error（RMSE）,relative RMSE（%RMSE）,bias,and relative bias（%bias） criteria.The best model was selected for use as the base mixed-effects model.Random parameters for test plots were estimated with different tree selection options.Results show that the Chapman–Richards model had better predictive ability in terms of adj R^2（0.81）,RMSE（3.7 m）,%RMSE（12.9）,bias（0.8）,%Bias（2.79） than the other models.Furthermore,the calibration response,based on a selection of four trees from the sample plots,resulted in a reduction percentage for bias and RMSE of about 1.6–2.7%.Our results indicate that the calibrated model produced the most accurate results.

关键词： Random effects Tree height Calibration Sangdeh forest Chapman–Richards model Oriental beech

What can the Glasgow Declaration on Forests bring to global emission reduction?

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The Innovation 2022年第6期3卷 7-8页

作者： Yakun Zhu Daju Wang pete Smith Philippe Ciais Shilong Piao Wenping Yuan Zhangcai Qin School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesSun Yat-Sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519000China Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UUUK Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA CNRS UVSQGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The Glasgow Declaration on Forests signed at the recent UN Climate Change Conference(COP 26)committed to halting forest loss by 2030.141 countries and regions,collectively covering over 90%of global forest,endorsed this declaration.Avoiding forest loss can generally contribute to climate change mitigation;however,the impacts of the declaration on global carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission reduction are still unclear.Here we show that the Glasgow Declaration,if implemented fully and in a timely fashion,could reduce 123 Gt CO_(2) of emission from 2021 to 2050.This study also highlights that any delays in implementing the declaration would decrease the avoided emission.Although the Glasgow Declaration is a milestone for mitigating climate change,the more ambitious afforestation plan is urgently needed to keep the global temperature rise to below 1.5C relative to pre-industrial levels.

关键词： Glasgow collective forest

Operational continental-scale land cover mapping of Australia using the Open Data Cube

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 1715-1737页

作者： Christopher J.Owers Richard M.Lucas Daniel Clewley Belle Tissott Sean M.T.Chua Gabrielle Hunt Norman Mueller Carole Planque Suvarna M.Punalekar pete Bunting peter Tan Graciela Metternicht School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and WaterCanberraAustralia Centre for Geospatial Applications Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK Geoscience Australia SymonstonAustralia Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityRichmondAustralia

To comprehensively support national and international initiatives for sustainable development,land cover products need to be reliably and routinely generated within operational frameworks.Coupled with consistent semantics and taxonomies,ensuring confidence in mapping land cover for multiple time periods,facilitates informed decision-making at scales appropriate to multiple policy domains.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO)Land Cover Classification System(LCCS)provides a taxonomy that comparable at different scales,level of detail and geographic location.The Open Data Cube(ODC)initiative offers a framework for operational continental-scale land cover mapping using analysis-ready Earth Observation data.This study utilised the FAO LCCS framework and the Landsat sensor data through Digital Earth Australia(DEA;Australia’s ODC instance)to generate consistent and continent-wide land cover mapping(DEA Land Cover)of the Australian continent.DEA Land Cover provides annual maps from 1988 to 2020 at 25 m resolution.Output maps were validated with∼12,000 independent validation points,giving an overall map accuracy of 80%.DEA Land Cover provides Australia with a nationally consistent picture of land cover,with an open-source software package using readily available global coverage data and demonstrates a pathway of adoption for national implementations across the world.

关键词： DEA land cover digital earth Australia FAO LCCS landsat sustainable development goals