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The light and hypoxia induced gene ZmPOrb1 determines tocopherol content in the maize kernel

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 435-448页

作者： Nannan Liu Yuanhao Du Shijuan Yan Wei Chen Min Deng Shutu Xu Hong Wang Wei Zhan Wenjie Huang Yan Yin Xiaohong Yang Qiao Zhao Alisdair r.Fernie Jianbing Yan National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Agro-biological Gene research Center Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityXi'an 710000China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and regulation Hebei Sub-center of National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaCollege of AgronomyHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China College of Life Sciences South-Central Minzu UniversityWuhan 430070China Plant Science Facility of the Institute of botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China National Maize Improvement Center of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100093China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic GenomicsShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany

Tocopherol is an important lipid-soluble antioxidant beneficial for both human health and plant growth. Here, we fine mapped a major QTLqVE1 affecting γ-tocopherol content in maize kernel, positionally cloned and confirmed the underlying gene ZmPOrb1(por1), as a protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. A 13.7 kb insertion reduced the tocopherol and chlorophyll content, and the photosynthetic activity by repressing ZmPOrb1 expression in embryos of NIL-K22, but did not affect the levels of the tocopherol precursors HGA(homogentisic acid)and PMP(phytyl monophosphate). Furthermore, ZmPOrb1 is inducible by low oxygen and light, thereby involved in the hypoxia response in developing embryos. Concurrent with natural hypoxia in embryos, the redox state has been changed with NO increasing and H_(2)O_(2) decreasing, which lowered γ-tocopherol content via scavenging reactive nitrogen species. In conclusion, we proposed that the lower lightharvesting chlorophyll content weakened embryo photosynthesis, leading to fewer oxygen supplies and consequently diverse hypoxic responses including an elevated γ-tocopherol consumption. Our findings shed light on the mechanism for fine-tuning endogenous oxygen concentration in the maize embryo through a novel feedback pathway involving the light and low oxygen regulation of ZmPOrb1 expression and chlorophyll content.

关键词： maize tocopherol hypoxia photosynthesis ZmPOrb1

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Effect of wall temperature modulation on the heat transfer characteristics of droplet-train flow inside a rectangular microchannel

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第3期28卷 685-697页

作者： Vivekanand S.V.b.,raju V.r.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalTelangana 506004India

The numerical studies of water–oil two-phase slug flow inside a two-dimensional vertical microchannel subjected to modulated wall temperature boundary conditions have been discussed in the present *** researchers have contributed their efforts in exploring the characteristics of Taylor flows inside microchannel under constant wall heat flux or isothermal wall ***,there is no study available in the literature which discusses the impact of modulated thermal wall boundary conditions on the heat transfer behavior of slug flows inside ***,to bridge this gap,an effort has been made to understand the heat transfer characteristics of the flow under sinusoidal wall temperature ***,a single phase flow and heat transfer study was performed in microchannels,and the results of the fully developed velocity profile and heat transfer rate were validated with benchmark analytical *** an optimal selection of the combination of sinusoidal thermal wall boundary conditions has been made for the two-phase slug flow ***,the effects of amplitude(0 bεb 0.03)and frequency(0 bωb 750πrad·s-1)of the sinusoidal wall temperature profile on the heat transfer have been studied using the optimal combination of the wall boundary *** results of the numerical study using modulated temperature conditions on channel walls showed a significant improvement in the heat transfer over liquid-only flow by approximately 50%as well as over two-phase flow without wall temperature *** non-dimensional temperature contours obtained for different cases of temperature modulation clearly explain the root cause of such improvement in the heat ***,the results based on the hydrodynamics of the flow have also been reported in terms of variation of droplet shapes and film *** influence of Capillary number on the film thickness as well as heat transfer rates has also been *** addition,the measured fil

关键词： Heat transfer Microchannel Modulation Surface tension Taylor flow

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Large-scale genome-wide SNP analysis reveals the rugged(and ragged)landscape of global ancestry,phylogeny,and demographic history in chicken breeds

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science b(biomedicine & biotechnology) 2024年第4期25卷 324-340页

作者： Natalia V.DEMENTIEVA Yuri S.SHCHErbAKOV Olga I.STANISHEVSKAYA Anatoly b.VAKHrAMEEV Tatiana A.LArKINA Artem P.DYSIN Olga A.NIKOLAEVA Anna E.rYAbOVA Anastasiia I.AZOVTSEVA Olga V.MITrOFANOVA Grigoriy K.PEGLIVANYAN Natalia r.rEINbACH Darren K.GrIFFIN Michael N.rOMANOV russian research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and breeding-branch of the L.K.Ernst Federal research Centre for Animal Husbandry.Pushkin St.Petersburg196601Russia School of biosciences University of KentCanterburyCT27NJUK L.K.Ernst Federal research Center for Animal Husbandry DubrovitsyPodolskMoscow Oblast142132Russia

The worldwide chicken gene pool encompasses a remarkable,but shrinking,number of divergently selected breeds of diverse *** study was a large-scale genome-wide analysis of the landscape of the complex molecular architecture,genetic variability,and detailed structure among 49 *** populations represent a significant sample of the world's chicken breeds from Europe(russia,Czech republic,France,Spain,UK,etc.),Asia(China),North America(USA),and Oceania(Australia).based on the results of breed genotyping using the Illumina 60K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)chip,a bioinformatic analysis was carried *** included the calculation of heterozygosity/homozygosity statistics,inbreeding coefficients,and effective population *** also included assessment of linkage disequilibrium and construction of phylogenetic *** multidimensional scaling,principal component analysis,and ADMIXTUrE-assisted global ancestry analysis,we explored the genetic structure of populations and subpopulations in each *** overall 49-population phylogeny analysis was also performed,and a refined evolutionary model of chicken breed formation was proposed,which included egg,meat,dual-purpose types,and ambiguous *** a large-scale survey of genetic resources in poultry farming using modern genomic methods is of great interest both from the viewpoint of a general understanding of the genetics of the domestic chicken and for the further development of genomic technologies and approaches in poultry *** general,whole genome SNP genotyping of promising chicken breeds from the worldwide gene pool will promote the further development of modern genomic science as applied to poultry.

关键词： Chicken genome diversity Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)analysis Gene pool Global ancestry Phylogeny Demographic history

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Effect of gap size and forest type on mineral nitrogen forms under different soil properties

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Journal of Forestry research 2020年第2期31卷 375-386页

作者： Ales Kucera Ladislav Holik Elena Munoz Cerro Jan petricek Department of Geology and Pedology Mendel University in BrnoZemedelska361300 BrnoCzech Republic Crop research Institute Drnovska507/7316106 Praha 6–RuzyneCzech Republic Institute for research in Sustainable Forest Management University of ValladolidPalenciaCastille and LeonSpain

Gaps play a key role in forest ecosystem development and result from either natural processes or targeted forest management *** aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships of soil properties in each of three forest types and two treatments,and to identify factors that influence levels of soil mineral nitrogen *** relation between mineral nitrogen and factors of soil parameters and stand type(European beech,Norway spruce,mixed stand)categories were *** spruce forest type stored significant nitrogen in both mineral forms of ***,there was a significant linear dependence between N-NO3^-(nitrate anion)concentrations and cation exchange capacity(CEC)parameters such as base cation contents(S-CEC)and potential ureolytic activities(UreasePot),as well as between N-NH4^+(ammonium cation)concentrations and both hydrolytic acidities(Ha-CEC)and ureolytic *** dependence of N-NO3^-concentrations on S-CEC contents and UreasePot was negative,especially in adjacent *** dependence of N-NH4^+concentrations on Ha-CEC and UreasePot was week in the beech and mixed forest types while it was significantly positive in the spruce forest type.

关键词： NH4+ NO3^- Urease Protease European beech Norway spruce

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Electrical properties of rare earth based tungsten bronze vanadates

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Journal of rare Earths 2012年第11期30卷 1134-1137页

作者： b.b.Mohanty P.S.Sahoo r.N.P.Choudhary Department of Physics Betnoti College Betnoti Department of Physics ITEr

barium based tungsten bronze （Tb） oxides having high dielectric constant and low loss, can be effectively used as transducers, actuators, capacitors and also in memory devices. All these characteristics stimulated the researchers to replace toxic and hazardous lead based materials by barium based Tb materials from industry. In the present research work, polycrystalline samples of baaSrrTi3VTO30 （r=Dy, Sm, La） were synthesized by a high temperature solid state reaction technique. Preliminary structural （X-ray diffraction） analyses of these com- pounds showed the formation of single-phase orthorhombic structures at room temperature having average crystallite size of the order of some nanometer for all the compounds. The scanning electron micrographs （SEM） provided information on the quality of the samples and showed more or less homogeneous distribution of grains over the entire surface of the samples. Detailed dielectric study in a wide temperature range （30-500 ℃） showed ferro to para phase transition for Dy and Sm substituted samples whereas no such transition was observed for La substituted samples. both the grain and grain boundary resistances exhibited negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior much like semiconductors. The dc conductivity of all the compounds obeyed Arrhenius relation.

关键词： ceramics X-ray diffraction dielectric properties electrical conductivity rare earths

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Significance of Stefan blowing effect on flow and heat transfer of Casson nanofluid over a moving thin needle

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2021年第9期73卷 51-58页

作者： A M Jyothi r Naveen Kumar r J Punith Gowda b C Prasannakumara bangalore Institute of Technology BangaloreIndia Department of Studies and research in Mathematics Davangere UniversityDavangere-577002KarnatakaIndia

The current mathematical model explains the influence of non-linear thermal radiation on the Casson liquid flow over a moving thin needle by considering buongiorno’s nanofluid *** influences of Stefan blowing,Dufour and Soret effects are also considered in the *** equations which represent the described flow pattern are reduced to ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by using apt similarity transformations and then they are numerically solved with runge–Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourth fifth-order method(rKF-45)with shooting *** impacts of pertinent parameters on thermal,mass and velocity curves are deliberated *** friction,rate of heat and mass transfer are also discussed *** reveal that,the increase in values of brownian motion,thermophoresis,Dufour number,heating and radiative parameters improves the heat *** increasing values of the Schmidt number deteriorates the mass transfer but a converse trend is seen for increasing values of the Soret ***,the escalating values of the radiative parameter decays the rate of heat transfer.

关键词： moving thin needle brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion non-linear thermal radiation Stefan blowing condition

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bite me： blue tails as a ＇risky-decoy＇ defense tactic for lizards

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Current Zoology 2014年第3期60卷 333-337页

作者： r W. bATEMAN r A. FLEMING b. rOLEK Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6845 Australia Archbold biological Station Lake Placid E O Box 2057 Lake Placid FL 33862 USA School of Veterinary and biomedical Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Perth WA 6150 Australia Department of Wildlife biology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA

Many lizard species use caudal autotomy to escape entrapment. Conspicuous coloration may increase the likelihood of being attacked, but if that attack can be directed towards the autotomous tail this may ultimately increase the chances of the lizard surviving a predatory attack. We tested the hypothesis that brightly-colored tails function to divert predatory attention away from the head and body using pairs of blue-tailed and all-brown clay model lizards. Predatory bird attacks on the 24 blue-tailed models occurred sooner （P = 0.001） than attacks on the 24 all-brown models, and over 7 days blue-tailed models were attacked more often than all-brown models （P = 0.007）. blue-tailed models were, however, more frequently attacked on the tail than other parts of the body （P 〈 0.001）, while all-brown models were more frequently attacked on the head and body （P = 0.019） which would be more likely to be fatal for a real lizard. Our results suggest that models with a blue tail were more conspicuous than all-brown models, attracting attacks sooner and more often, but that the attacks were predominantly directed at the tail. It is better for individuals to be attacked unsuccessfully many times, than successfully just once. Having a brightly-colored tail may, therefore, act as a ＇risky decoy＇. Despite increased conspicuousness, a blue tail increases the likelihood that the lizard would be able to effect escape through caudal autotomy rather than being grabbed by the head or body [Current Zoology 60 （3）： 333-337, 2014].

关键词： Autotomy Skink Predation Ontogeny Dichromatism

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Large magnetocaloric effect and magnetic properties of EurhO_(3)

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Journal of rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1724-1729,I0004页

作者： M.Lassri M.Sajieddine A.Elouafi A.El Hachmi S.El Ouahbi r.Moubah Laboratory of Energy and Materials Engineering(LGEM) University of Sultan Moulay SlimaneFaculty of Science and Technology(FST)BP 52323000Béni-MellalMorocco Institute of Applied Physics(IAP)-School of Industrial Management(EMINES) Mohammed Ⅵ Polytechnic UniversityHay Moulay RachidLot 6603150Ben GuerirMorocco National School of Applied Sciences(ENSA) University of Sultan Moulay SlimaneBP 7725000KhouribgaMorocco Laboratory of Mechanics Production and Industrial Engineering(LMPGI)Higher School of Technology of Casablanca(ESTC)University of Hassan Ⅱ CasablancaCasablancaMorocco Laboratory of radiation on Matter and Instrumentation(LrMI) Faculty of Science and Technology(FST)SettatHassan Ⅰ UniversitySettatMorocco Laboatory of Physics of Advanced Materials and Thermic(LPMAT) Faculty of Science Ain Chock(FSAC)University of Hassan Ⅱ CasablancaCasablancaMorocco

We report on the structural,magnetic,and magnetocaloric properties of EurhO_(3) *** oxidation states of Eu and rh ions were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is found that the Eu ions are mainly in the divalent oxidation state while the rh ions have+4 ***_(3) powders are found to be antiferromagnetic with a second order magnetic transition at Neel temperature(T_(N)=2.9 K).Analysis of the magnetic susceptibility versus temperature data in terms of the Curie=Weiss law:(χ=C/(T-θ_(W))) for T>T_(N),yields θ_(W)=-3.1 K and effective magne tic moment μ_(ff)^(exp),which is close to the theoretical value μ_(eff)^(theo).The magnetic entropy change(-Δ_(SM)),was determined by em ploying the thermodynam ic Maxwell's *** μ_0H=5 T and near T_(N),ΔS_(M)^(Max) and relative cooling power(rCP) exhibit large values of 33.7 J/(kg·K) and 238 J/kg,*** large magnitude of-Δ_(SM) and rCP show that the EurhO_(3) compound could be a potential candidate to be used in cryogenic magnetic refrigeration.

关键词： X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Cryogenic magnetic refrigeration Magnetic properties Magnetocaloric effect rare earths

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reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al–Si piston alloys by cerium addition

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第1期24卷 91-101页

作者： r.Ahmad M.b.A.Asmael N.r.Shahizan S.Gandouz Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit Raja86400 Batu PahatJohorMalaysia

The effects of Ce on the secondary dendrite arm spacing（SDAS） and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated. The reduction of SDAS at different Ce concentrations was evaluated in a directional solidification experiment via computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis（CA-CCTA）. The results showed that 0.1wt%-1.0wt% Ce addition resulted in a rapid solidification time, ？ts, and low solidification temperature, ？T_S, whereas 0.1wt% Ce resulted in a fast solidification time, Δ^（ta-Al）, of the α-Al phase. Furthermore, Ce addition refined the SDAS, which was reduced to approximately 36%. The mechanical properties of the alloys with and without Ce were investigated using tensile and hardness tests. The quality index（Q） and ultimate tensile strength of（UTS） Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys significantly improved with the addition of 0.1wt% Ce. Moreover, the base alloy hardness was improved with increasing Ce concentration.

关键词： eutectic alloys aluminum silicon alloys cerium microstructure dendrites spacing mechanical properties

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Study of Temperature Distribution Along an Artificially Polluted Insulator String

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Plasma Science and Technology 2003年第2期5卷 1715-1720页

作者： b Subba reddy G r Nagabhushana Department of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of ScienceDepartment of High Voltage Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India Bangalore 560012 India

Insulator becomes wet partially or completely, and the pollution layer on itbecomes conductive, when collecting pollutants for an extended period during dew, light rain, mist,fog or snow melting. Heavy rain is a complicated factor that it may wash away the pollution layerwithout initiating other stages of breakdown or it may bridge the gaps between sheds to promoteflashover. The insulator with a conducting pollution layer being energized, can cause a surfaceleakage current to flow (also temperature-rise). As the surface conductivity is non-uniform, theconducting pollution layer becomes broken by dry bands (at spots of high current density),interrupting the flow of leakage current. Voltage across insulator gets concentrated across drybands, and causes high electric stress and breakdown (dry band arcing). If the resistance of theinsulator surface is sufficiently low, the dry band arcs can be propagated to bridge the terminalscausing flashover. The present paper concerns the evaluation of the temperature distribution alongthe surface of an energized artificially polluted insulator string.

关键词： temperature distribution artificially polluted insulator string

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