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国外医学（皮肤性病学分册） 1994年第5期20卷 297-298页

作者： perfect jr 李安生

作者综合了十多年来在艾滋病患者中发生真菌感染的病例,重点列出了已造成24例以上真菌感染的少见真菌。这对于在艾滋病患者及免疫功能受损者中发生条件致病真菌感染的诊断、治疗都有一定的参考价值。

关键词：艾滋病真菌病病原体

隐球菌病处理临床实践指南：2010年美国感染病学会更新

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中国感染与化疗杂志 2010年第3期10卷 161-166页

作者：周颖杰李光辉 perfect jr Dismukes WE Dromer F 复旦大学附属华山医院抗生素研究所上海200040

为了帮助临床医师在治疗念珠菌病时正确选用抗真菌药,制订合理的给药方案。美国感染病学会(IDSA)组织相关学科的专家对2000年隐球菌病处理指南进行了修订。该指南发表在Clinical Infectious Disease,2010,50:291-322。由于该指南的更新... 详细信息

为了帮助临床医师在治疗念珠菌病时正确选用抗真菌药,制订合理的给药方案。美国感染病学会(IDSA)组织相关学科的专家对2000年隐球菌病处理指南进行了修订。该指南发表在Clinical Infectious Disease,2010,50:291-322。由于该指南的更新仍是基于大量的临床证据,因此对指导临床正确合理治疗隐球菌病具有重要参考价值,现将其主要内容编译供参考。

关键词：隐球菌病处理指南

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抗真菌药物的耐药机制及其临床意义

中国感染与化疗杂志 2010年第4期10卷 320-320页

作者：秦晓华王明贵 Kanafani ZA perfect jr

抗真菌治疗,药敏结果与临床疗效常遵循“90-60”原则——敏感真菌感染,90%用相应的抗真菌药物治疗有效;而耐药真菌,治疗有效率为60%。临床耐药性即指临床用抗真菌药治疗敏感菌感染失败的情况。常见侵袭性真菌感染的病原菌为念珠菌属,对... 详细信息

抗真菌治疗,药敏结果与临床疗效常遵循“90-60”原则——敏感真菌感染,90%用相应的抗真菌药物治疗有效;而耐药真菌,治疗有效率为60%。临床耐药性即指临床用抗真菌药治疗敏感菌感染失败的情况。常见侵袭性真菌感染的病原菌为念珠菌属,对吡咯类的主要耐药机制为:①外排机制,两大转运子基因家族CDR和MDR编码细胞膜外排泵,药物浓度降低。②靶位改变,作用靶位甾醇14α去甲基酶的编码基因ERG11发生突变,阻断吡咯类与该酶结合。③上调靶酶,靶酶基因拷贝数增加、转录水平上升和降解减少,靶酶表达增加。[第一段]

关键词：耐药机制抗真菌药物耐药性抗真菌治疗念珠菌属吡咯类麦角固醇外排泵作用靶位真菌感染

Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in occupant exposure to an indoor airborne contaminant with an uncertain source location

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 889-913页

作者： John E.Castellini jr Cary A.Faulkner Wangda Zuo Michael D.Sohn Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderUCB 427BoulderCO80309USA Department Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA National Renewable Energy National Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA

Well-mixed zone models are often employed to compute indoor air quality and occupant *** effective,a potential downside to assuming instantaneous,perfect mixing is underpredicting exposures to high intermittent concentrations within a *** such cases are of concern,more spatially resolved models,like computational-fluid dynamics methods,are used for some or all of the ***,these models have higher computational costs and require more input information.A preferred compromise would be to continue with a multi-zone modeling approach for all rooms,but with a better assessment of the spatial variability within a *** do so,we present a quantitative method for estimating a room’s spatiotemporal variability,based on influential room *** proposed method disaggregates variability into the variability in a room’s average concentration,and the spatial variability within the room relative to that *** enables a detailed assessment of how variability in particular room parameters impacts the uncertain occupant *** demonstrate the utility of this method,we simulate contaminant dispersion for a variety of possible source *** compute breathing-zone exposure during the releasing(source is active)and decaying(source is removed)*** CFD methods,we found after a 30 minutes release the average standard deviation in the spatial distribution of exposure was approximately 28%of the source average exposure,whereas variability in the different average exposures was lower,only 10%of the total *** also find that although uncertainty in the source location leads to variability in the average magnitude of transient exposure,it does not have a particularly large influence on the spatial distribution during the decaying period,or on the average contaminant removal *** systematically characterizing a room’s average concentration,its variability,and the spatial variability within the room important insights can be gain

关键词： uncertainty variability airborne contaminant spatiotemporal variability well-mixed heterogeneity

A Solution of a Problem of I. P. Natanson Concerning the Decomposition of an Interval into Disjoint perfect Sets

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2014年第5期4卷 189-193页

作者： Edgar A. Cohen jr. Formerly of the Information Sciences Branch Naval Surface Warfare Center White Oak Silver Spring MD USA

In a previous paper published in this journal, it was demonstrated that any bounded, closed interval of the real line can, except for a set of Lebesgue measure 0, be expressed as a union of c pairwise disjoint perfect sets, where c is the cardinality of the continuum. It turns out that the methodology presented there cannot be used to show that such an interval is actually decomposable into c nonoverlapping perfect sets without the exception of a set of Lebesgue measure 0. We shall show, utilizing a Hilbert-type space-filling curve, that such a decomposition is possible. Furthermore, we prove that, in fact, any interval, bounded or not, can be so expressed.

关键词： Space-Filling Curve perfect Sets Inverse Image of a perfect Set Vertical Line Segments

巨猿、化石人和智人牙齿的波动不对称:人类进化中压力源变化的意义(英文)

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心理学报 2007年第3期39卷 489-494页

作者： Michael J. Frederick Gordon G. Gallup jr University at Albany

波动不对称(FA)是压力的随机性引发双侧完美对称偏离的现象,这是个体无力免受发展中不利因素(如早期营养不良)侵害的一个标志。比较个体口腔两侧牙齿的大小是一种测量 FA 的方法。本研究汇集了 10 个物种共 296 名个体的牙齿测量结果,... 详细信息

波动不对称(FA)是压力的随机性引发双侧完美对称偏离的现象,这是个体无力免受发展中不利因素(如早期营养不良)侵害的一个标志。比较个体口腔两侧牙齿的大小是一种测量 FA 的方法。本研究汇集了 10 个物种共 296 名个体的牙齿测量结果,测量对象包括黑猩猩(学名 Pan troglodytes)、猩猩(学名Pongo pygmaeus)、大猩猩(学名 Gorilla gorilla)、智人(学名 Homo sapiens),以及许多化石人。分析发现,猩猩样本牙齿的 FA 水平要显著低于大猩猩、黑猩猩、直立人、尼安德特人和智人样本的 FA 水平。而与之相反的是,智人与尼安德特人样本的牙齿 FA 水平要显著高于其它任何一种巨猿样本的 FA 水平。该文提出了有关缓和的选择压力的解释。

关键词：波动对称选择压力化石人