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在重金属污染环境下散栖欧(鼠平)的肾中毒效应

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人类环境杂志 1996年第6期25卷 416-419页

作者： per E.leffler N.Erik I.Nyholm 罗天祥大学环境医学系及环境卫生系大学环境卫生系

散栖欧(鼠平)(Clethrionomys glareolus,亦称山鼠)的试验标本取自瑞典一硫化矿冶炼厂的污染区及对照区。试验山鼠放在代谢笼内,24小时收集其尿液。对其血浆及整个肾脏分别进行了血浆肌酸酐和金属含量分析。对尿液的体积、总蛋白质、肌... 详细信息

散栖欧(鼠平)(Clethrionomys glareolus,亦称山鼠)的试验标本取自瑞典一硫化矿冶炼厂的污染区及对照区。试验山鼠放在代谢笼内,24小时收集其尿液。对其血浆及整个肾脏分别进行了血浆肌酸酐和金属含量分析。对尿液的体积、总蛋白质、肌酸酐和金属含量进行了分析。取自污染区的山鼠,其肾的镉含量增加了30～40倍,出现多尿症和蛋白尿症。与镉元素不同,肾的其它金属含量在取自两个实验区的山鼠中是相似的,因为这些金属元素含量与肾小球的功能有关。当整个肾的镉含量达到4mg Cd/kg时,蛋白尿症和多尿症的出现表明了肾管遭受损害,这是长期处于镉污染环境下出现的典型的肾中毒症状。

关键词：重金属污染环境污染肾中毒山鼠实验动物

借鉴美国环保署三联体方法采用灵活的工作策略和筛选方法改进棕色地块的土壤调查

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第6期36卷 476-485页

作者： Christian Maurice Bjrn Gustavsson Daniel Ragnvaldsson Bjrn Rydvall Rune Berglind Peter Haglund Torbjrn Johnson per leffler Karin Luthbom Patrik von Heijne 陶书田瑞典Ramboll公司吕勒奥理工大学瑞典国防研究署 Pelagia顾问公司于默奥瑞典国防研究署于默奥大学瑞典Rambll公司

对于被污染的棕色地块(brownfield sites)及其样品的分析研究要花很多的财力,而所得的结果却常常没有很好的说服力。因此在此类研究中就需要改进研究方法来降低成本,同时提高结果的可信度。美国环境保护局所开发的三联体方法是一种能同... 详细信息

对于被污染的棕色地块(brownfield sites)及其样品的分析研究要花很多的财力,而所得的结果却常常没有很好的说服力。因此在此类研究中就需要改进研究方法来降低成本,同时提高结果的可信度。美国环境保护局所开发的三联体方法是一种能同时满足这两方面要求的方法,其核心特征是对不确定性的管理。在本文介绍的调查中,我们采用现场研究来确定一种可能的方法,运用这种方法可以在实践中管理控制不确定性。考虑的一个实例包括在特定的项目目标前提下,调整样本大小来最优化不确定性,以及在分析工作上所作的努力。此外,评价了几种毒性分析方法在筛选污染位点中的潜在效用。报道这些分析结果的同时,我们在这篇文稿中讨论了一些途径,就是怎样借鉴三联体原理将灵活的工作策略和筛选方法引入到瑞典修复棕色地块的方法中。分层次的途径充分利用了现场的和筛选的方法,其被引入到对棕色地块的评估中,集中分析了任务所要求的响应和可接受的不确定性。

关键词：筛选方法三联体美国环保署地块棕色土壤调查借鉴美国环境保护局

受铜、铬和砷污染土壤处理后的稳定及其评估技术

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第6期36卷 412-417页

作者： Christian Maurice Sofia Lidelw BjrnGustavsson Anders Lttstrm Daniel Ragnvaldsson per leffler Lars Lvgren Solomon Tesfalidet Jurate Kumpiene 王丽平瑞典北方土壤修复中心吕勒奥科技大学瑞典于默奥大学瑞典国防研究署默奥市瑞典国防研究署瑞典于默奥大学无机化学专业瑞典于默奥大学化学系吕勒奥科技大学废物科学与技术部

土壤修复主要通过将受污染土壤进行挖掘和填埋,这种方法在进行大量位点修复时不太切合实际,因此要选择其它棕地(brownfield)修复方法。本研究介绍了评估受铜铬砷(CCA)污染土壤采用含铁(Fe)爆破砂(BS)或嵌氧颗粒(OSG)处理后的化学稳定过... 详细信息

土壤修复主要通过将受污染土壤进行挖掘和填埋,这种方法在进行大量位点修复时不太切合实际,因此要选择其它棕地(brownfield)修复方法。本研究介绍了评估受铜铬砷(CCA)污染土壤采用含铁(Fe)爆破砂(BS)或嵌氧颗粒(OSG)处理后的化学稳定过程。就工业尺度下混合改良物的可行性和在不同氧化还原条件下的稳定效率对这种稳定技术进行了评估。在野外自然条件下,采用1m^3测渗计调查了这种稳定性并在实验室(10L)对氧化还原条件的效应进行了评估。结果表明改良物的添加率最低时(0.1%和1%)化学计量中还有足够的铁,但是不管在野外还是实验室都是采用高添加率的改良物(8%和17%)效果较好。铁和混合物的颗粒大小会影响稳定效率。厌氧条件的发展(模拟自水饱和度)会提高砷(As^(3+))的份额,因此增强了砷的迁移能力。在有氧条件下,采用高浓度OSG提高了孔隙水中镍(Ni)和铜(Cu)的浓度,但是在厌氧条件下,与未作处理的土壤相比,砷的淋溶率降低了,而镍和铜的淋溶并不是关键的。所处理土壤的最终目的决定了改良方案,也就是说,对于在厌氧条件下填埋的土壤,OSG浓度为10%较合适。也可以在有氧条件下将1%的BS与土壤混合,置于填埋区上层或者棕色地块(brownfield site)原处。另外从长期来看,采用BS处理似乎比用OSG处理效果要好。

关键词：土壤处理稳定过程砷污染铜铬评估技术氧化还原条件受污染土壤

A comparative genomic framework for the fish-tetrapod transition

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第4期64卷 664-666页

作者： per Erik Ahlberg Department of Organismal Biology Uppsala University75236 UppsalaSweden

The evolution of tetrapods(land vertebrates)from lobe-finned fishes,nearly 400 million years ago,was a hugely important *** one thing,if these ancient fishes had not found a way to adapt to life out of the water,we humans would not *** investigate this event we can look at the fossil record,but that only tells us about changes in the skeleton.

关键词： skeleton record fish

Comparative analysis of planted and unplanted controls for assessment of rhizosphere priming effect

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 884-892页

作者： Jian LI per BENGTSON Department of Biology Microbial Ecology GroupLund UniversitySölvegatan 37Lund 22362(Sweden) Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences1799 Jimei RoadXiamen 361021(China)

The rhizosphere priming effect(RPE)is increasingly being considered to be an important regulator of soil organic matter(SOM)decomposition and nutrient turnover,with potential importance for the global CO_(2) *** a result,studies on the RPE have rapidly increased in number over the last few *** of these experiments have been performed using unplanted soil as the control,which could potentially lead to incorrect assessment of the ***,we performed a greenhouse experiment to investigate how the choice of control(i.e.,unplanted control and planted control)influenced the quantification of RPE on SOM decomposition and gross nitrogen(N)mineralization,and to link this to differences in microbial and abiotic soil properties between the two *** the planted control,planted seedlings were cut at soil surface 5 d before measurement of the *** RPE on SOM decomposition was positive in pine soil and almost 2-fold higher when calculated from the planted control than from the unplanted *** spruce soil,a negative RPE on SOM decomposition was found when calculated from the planted control,while the RPE was positive when calculated from the unplanted *** RPE on gross N mineralization was found when calculated from the planted control,while a positive RPE of more than 100%was found when calculated from the unplanted *** microbial biomass and growth rate were lower,while the inorganic N content was higher in the unplanted control than in the planted *** microbial community composition and potential enzyme activity in the planted treatment and planted control were similar,but they differed significantly from those in the unplanted *** results showed that the RPE varied widely depending on the choice of control;thus,we suggest that a planted control,in which the aboveground plant parts are removed only a few days before the measurement of RPE,should be used as the control when elucidating the RPE on belowground C and N

关键词： enzyme activity gross nitrogen mineralization microbial community composition nitrogen availability soil organic matter decomposition

Liver fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-diagnostic challenge with prognostic significance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第39期21卷 11077-11087页

作者： per Stal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Karolinska InstitutetDepartment of Digestive DiseasesHuddinge K63Karolinska University Hospital

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the mostcommon liver disease in the Western world, with a prevalence of 20%. In a subgroup of patients, inflammation, ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes and a varying degree of fibrosis may develop, a condition named non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Advanced liver fibrosis(stage F3) and cirrhosis(stage F4) are histologic features that most accurately predict increased mortality in both liver-related and cardiovascular diseases. Patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis are at risk for complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal varices and should therefore be included in surveillance programs. However, liver disease and fibrosis are often unrecognized in patients with NAFLD, possibly leading to a delayed diagnosis of complications. The early diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD is therefore crucial, and it can be accomplished using serum biomarkers(e.g., the NAFLD Fibrosis Score, Fib-4 Index or BARD) or non-invasive imaging techniques(transient elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse imaging). The screening of risk groups, such as patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus, for NAFLD development with these non-invasive methods may detect advanced fibrosis at an early stage. Additionally, patients with a low risk for advanced fibrosis can be identified, and the need for liver biopsies can be minimized. This review focuses on the diagnostic challenge and prognostic impact of advanced liver fibrosis in NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Mortality Biomarkers Elastography

Spinal and supraspinal control of motor function during maximal eccentric muscle contraction:Effects of resistance training

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 282-293页

作者： per Aagaard Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern Denmark

Neuromuscular activity is suppressed during maximal eccentric(ECC)muscle contraction in untrained subjects owing to attenuated levels of central activation and reduced spinal motor neuron(MN)excitability indicated by reduced electromyography signal amplitude,diminished evoked H-reflex responses,increased autogenic MN inhibition,and decreased excitability in descending corticospinal motor *** ECC muscle force recorded during maximal voluntary contraction can be increased by superimposed electrical muscle stimulation only in untrained individuals and not in trained strength athletes,indicating that the suppression in MN activation is modifiable by resistance *** support of this notion,maximum ECC muscle strength can be increased by use of heavy-load resistance training owing to a removed or diminished suppression in neuromuscular ***(weeks to months)of heavy-load resistance training results in increased H-reflex and V-wave responses during maximal ECC muscle actions along with marked gains in maximal ECC muscle strength,indicating increased excitability of spinal MNs,decreased presynaptic and/or postsynaptic MN inhibition,and elevated descending motor ***,the use of supramaximal ECC resistance training can lead to selectively elevated V-wave responses during maximal ECC contraction,demonstrating that adaptive changes in spinal circuitry function and/or gains in descending motor drive can be achieved during maximal ECC contraction in response to heavy-load resistance training.

关键词： Corticospinal excitability Eccentric muscle contraction H-reflex Neuromuscular plasticity Resistance training V-wave

Factors shaping community structure of endophytic fungi–evidence from the Pinus-Viscum-system

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 55-69页

作者： Derek peršoh Systematische Botanik und Mykologie Ludwigs-Maximilians Universität MünchenMenzinger Straße 6780638 MünchenGermany Abteilung Mykologie Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 30–NW I95440 BayreuthGermany

Endophytic fungal communities have been shown to be highly diverse in almost every host plant species analyzed so ***,the factors shaping their compositions are largely *** elucidate the impact of various factors,10 independent replicates of DNA extracts from each of 17 surface-sterilized leaf and stem samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing of fungal ITS1 rRNA gene ***,154 fungal OTUs(operational taxonomic units),represented by 953,385 sequences,were found in at least 2 samples from Viscum album *** and/or its host Pinus *** from earlier,cultivation-based assessments,the communities were dominated by OTUs related to the genus Mortierella and OTUs not assignable to a certain fungal ***,Ascomycota were still the most diverse group in terms of OTU richness and already hypothesized organ and host preferences of certain endophytic Xylariaceae isolated from the Pinus-Viscum-system could be *** species and organ type were also the major factors shaping the detected fungal *** two plant species clearly differed according to the endophytic fungal communities,but only stems and needles of Pinus were inhabited by significantly different fungal ***,only the 1 and 3 year old stem sections differed according to the endophytic fungal community,while differently aged leaves of both plants were indistinguishable in this *** of the organs had no impact on fungal communities in Pinus,but shorter internodes and smaller leaves showed at least a tendency to differ from the corresponding larger organs in *** communities also differed slightly between the two sampling sites,lying 200 km apart,and between the three sampling *** the samples were drawn within 15 days,this finding indicates that seasonal shifts clearly outweigh aging effects in host plant with perennial *** results therefore provide strong evidence against a linear developm

关键词： Endophytic fungi Pyrosequencing Host preference Stems Leaves Organ age Pinus sylvestris Viscum album Genetic abundance Name assignment

Plant-associated fungal communities in the light of meta’omics

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第6期75卷 1-25页

作者： Derek peršoh Ruhr-Universität Bochum AG GeobotanikGebäude ND 03/170Universitätsstraße 15044780 BochumGermany

Approaches for the cultivation-independent analysis of microbial communities are summarized as meta’omics,which predominantly includes metagenomic,-transcriptomic,-proteomic and-metabolomic *** have shown that endophytic,root-associated and soil fungal communities are strongly shaped by associated plant *** impact of plant identity on the composition of its litterssociated fungal community remains to be disentangled from the impact of litter *** composition of the plant community also shapes the fungal *** strikingly,adjacent plant species may share mycorrhizal symbionts even if the plants usually have different types of mycorrhizal fungi associated with them(ectomycorrhizal,ericoid and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi).Environmental parameters weakly explain fungal community composition globally,and their effect is inconsistent at local and regional *** in similarity among communities with increasing distance(*** decay)has been reported from local to global *** pattern is only exceptionally caused by spatial dispersal limitation of fungal propagules,but mostly due to the inability of the fungi to establish at the particular locality(*** filtering or competitive exclusion).Fungal communities usually undergo pronounced seasonal changes and also differ between consecutive *** indicates that development of the communities is usually not solely ***’omic studies challenge the classical view of plant litter *** show that mycorrhizal and(previously)endophytic fungi may be involved in plant litter decomposition and only partly support the idea of a succession from an Ascomycota to a Basidiomycota-dominated ***,vertical separation of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal species in soil and sequential degradation from easily accessible to‘recalcitrant’plant compounds,such as lignin,can probably not be *** current models of litter decomposition may

关键词： Meta’omics Metaomics Fungal community Metagenomics Metaproteomics Metatranscriptomics Metametabolomics Phyllosphere fungi Endophytic fungi Litter decomposition Decomposer fungi Root-associated fungi Arbuscular mycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza Ericoid mycorrhiza Soil fungi Functional diversity Environmental processes Distance decay Environmental filtering Saisonality Temporal shift Fungal traits