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Gap characteristics and their effects on regeneration,dominance and early growth of woody species

Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第1期2卷 21-29页

作者： Indra Prasad Sapkota per christer oden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreTropical Silviculture and Seed Science GroupPO Box 49SE-23053 AlnarpSweden

Aims We aim to examine the canopy gap characteristics and evaluate their influence on regeneration,dominance and the early growth of woody species in seasonally dry Shorea robusta forests(Sal forests).Methods Sixty canopy gaps were surveyed in six randomly located transects belts in seasonally dry subtropical Sal forests of central Nepal.Each transect belt was followed until 10 gap sites were encountered.The equation for the area of an ellipse was used to calculate the size of canopy gap,measuring the longest axis and its perpendicular shorter axis.Number,sizes,ages and causes of tree falls creating canopy gaps along with number and sizes of border trees were identified and recorded.Detailed gap inventories were carried out using square 25-m2 quadrats placed in the middle of each gap.All individuals>2 m in height within the quadrat were identified at the species level and their diameter at breast height was measured.We assigned a nested 4-m2 quadrat to the corner of each 25-m2 quadrat,within which all woody individuals>10 cm tall were identified at the species level,and counted them and their regeneration mechanisms were identified.The height and collar diameter of the tallest individuals were measured.Descriptive statistics was calculated for the variables of interests and Pearson correlation,linear regression,independent-sample t-test and chi-square test were used to relate them and to test for their associations.Important Findings The study found mean gap size of 283 m2 and;50%gaps of 10–15 years old.Gaps created by natural single-tree falls were significantly more numerous,and their mean size was significantly smaller than those resulting from artificial causes or multiple-tree falls.Gap size correlated with the basal area of felled trees,but it did not correlate with the number of tree falls.While tree fall basal area was significantly positively correlated to the seed-originated seedling to resprout ratio,it was negatively correlated,along with gap area and the basal size of retained trees,to seedling growt

关键词： canopy gap seedling density seedling growth basal area Sal forests Nepal

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Participatory forest management in Burkina Faso: Members' perception of performance

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 637-646页

作者： Pascaline Coulibaly-Lingani Mulualem Tigabu Patrice Savadogo per-christer oden Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Departement Produc-tions Forestieres 03 BP 7047 0uagadougou 03 Burkina Faso World Agroforestry Centre & International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRAF-ICRISAT West and Central Africa Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Scienc-es Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre P.0.Box 49 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden

This study examines variations in the performance of partic-ipatory forest management programs among four forest management groups (FMGs) in southern Burkina Faso, and assesses the factors that influence their members’ perceptions of performance through a house-hold survey of 216 members. Variations in performance scores among the FMGs were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance while multinomial regression analysis was used to identify factors that influ-ence their perception of the performance. The results reveal significant differences in performance scores among FMGs. Members of some FMGs perceived that the participatory forest management program ena-bled them to get benefits from the sale of fuelwood while performance scores in the forest conservation and decision-making processes is gener-ally poor. The score for economic performance of FMGs in turn was related to better access to roads and markets. Group size tended to en-hance economic performance via its strong influence on annual fuelwood harvest, while the resource base appeared to be inconsequential. Mem-bers of the forest management groups perceived that large group size and group heterogeneity, particularly in terms of ethnicity, as well as knowledge and awareness of problems related to the forest environment have no influence on the performance of their respective groups. For rural communities to have a favorable disposition toward sustainable forest management, differences in member understanding of collective actions and their impact before and during the implementation of partic-ipatory forest management programs should be considered.

关键词： Common-pool resources Collective action Sustainableforest management West Africa

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Natural regeneration dynamics of three dry deciduous forest species in Chacocente Wildlife Reserve, Nicaragua

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第1期20卷 1-6页

作者： Guillermo Castro Marin Mulualem Tigabu Benigno Gonzalez Rivas per christer oden Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente Universidad Nacional Agraria Apartado posta 453 Managua Nicaragua Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Tropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory SE-901 83 Umea Sweden

研究被进行检验三干燥森林种， Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq ) ， Tabebuia ochracea (可汗) 和 Lonchocarpus minimiflorus 的自然新生(Donn。Sm ) 在尼加拉瓜在一个三年的时期上并且到在到在 Chacocente 野生动物的光的地志的斜坡和... 详细信息

研究被进行检验三干燥森林种， Lysiloma divaricatum (Jacq ) ， Tabebuia ochracea (可汗) 和 Lonchocarpus minimiflorus 的自然新生(Donn。Sm ) 在尼加拉瓜在一个三年的时期上并且到在到在 Chacocente 野生动物的光的地志的斜坡和发生的关系中的新生的分析异质保留。永久样品阴谋在 2001 被建立，并且有象 10 厘米和象 10 厘米一样大的直径一样低的高度的所有个人从 2001 ～ 2003 被记录三连续的年。结果证明自然地改革的个人的密度在种类之中显著地变化了，以及随着时间的过去。L。minimiflorus 和 T。ochracea 与 L 相比有更高的密度。divaricatum，和在种群密度的网变化为 T 是稍微积极的。ochracea 仅仅。新生更充满在到日光的王冠的部分暴露下面的轻轻、陡峭的斜坡，因此导致分发的聚集的模式，特别为 L。minimiflorus 和 T。ochracea。我们断定那个自然新生独自不是足够的维持这些的股票的需要的数字种类，和一项立即的恢复措施应该被拿帮助自然新生过程。

关键词：尼加拉瓜野生动物保护区森林种群密度

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Coppicing ability of dry miombo woodland species harvested for traditional charcoal production in Zambia:a win–win strategy for sustaining rural livelihoods and recovering a woodland ecosystem

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第3期28卷 549-556页

作者： Stephen Syampungani Mulualem Tigabu Nalukui Matakala Ferdinand Handavu per christer oden School of Natural Resources Copperbelt UniversityBox 21692KitweZambia Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 49230 53 AlnarpSweden Zambia Forestry College P/Bag MwekeraKitweZambia

The miombo woodland is one of the most extensive woodlands in Africa, supporting livelihoods based on biomass fuel for millions of rural people. However, there are growing concerns about the sustainability of harvesting for biomass fuel （mainly charcoal）. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether regeneration by coppice is a viable option for sustainably managing miombo woodlands for biomass fuel production. We tested the hypotheses that （1） species, stump diameter, stump height and time since cutting significantly affect the number of sprouts per cut stump （coppice density） and mean sprout height （shoot vigour） and （2） higher coppice density reduces shoot vigour due to competition among coppice shoots in a given stump. In an inventory in areas that were harvested for charcoal production by the local people, 369 stumps of 11 species were recorded with mean coppice stumps ranged from 6 to 84. The mean coppice density ranged from 5 to 8 shoots per stump while the mean height of coppice shoots ranged from 46 to 118 cm with marked interspecific variations. Stump size was signifi- cantly and positively correlated with coppice density for some of the species, but not with shoot vigour for the majority of the species. However, shoot vigour was significantly positively correlated to time since cutting of trees for nearly half of the species. Coppice density had a significant negative correlation with shoot vigour for two species, and a positive correlation for one species. In conclusion, the results provide evidence about the importance of coppice management as a win-win strategy for sustaining charcoal-based rural livelihoods and recovering the miombo woodland ecosystem.

关键词： African woodlands Charcoal production Forest management Regeneration Resprouting ability

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Progresses in restoration of post-mining landscape in Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 381-396页

作者： Emma Sandell Festin Mulualem Tigabu Mutale N.Chileshe Stephen Syampungani per christer oden Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Science School of Natural Resources Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copperbelt University

Mining alters the natural landscape and discharges large volumes of wastes that pose serious pollution hazards to the environment, to human health and to agriculture. As a result, the recent 2 decades have witnessed a global surge in research on post-mining landscape restoration, yielding a suite of techniques including physical, chemical, biological(also known as phytoremediation) and combinations. Despite the long history of mining in Africa, no systematic review has summarized advances in restoration research and practices after mining disturbance. Thus, the aim of this review was to document the state-of-knowledge and identify gaps in restoration of postmining landscape in Africa through literature review. We found that:(1) there has been substantial progress in identifying species suitable for phytoremediation;(2) few studies evaluated the feasibility of organic amendments to promote autochthonous colonization of mine wastelands or growth of planted species; and(3) restoration of limestone quarries in Kenya, sand mining tailings in South Africa,and gold mine wasteland in Ghana are successful cases of large-scale post-mining restoration practices in Africa.However, the pace of post-mining landscape restoration research and practice in Africa is sluggish compared to other parts of the global south. We recommend:(1)mainstreaming the restoration of mine wastelands in national research strategies and increased development planning to make the mining sector ‘‘Green'';(2) inventory of the number, area, and current status of abandoned mine lands;(3) expanding the pool of candidate species for phytostabilization;(4) further evaluating the phytostabilization potential of organic amendments, e.g., biochar;(5)assessing the impacts of mining on regional biodiversity.

关键词： Phytoremediation Phytostabilization Reclamation Remediation Tailing dams

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Pre-sowing treatment for breaking dormancy in Acer velutinum Boiss. seed lots

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 273-278页

作者： Mostafa Farhadi Mulualem Tigabu Alireza Ghasemi Arian Mehdi Sharifani Abolfazl Daneshvar per christer oden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Education Center of Jihad-Agriculture Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Horticulture Department

Acer velutinum Boiss is a valuable tree species native to Iran, and its seeds possess physiological dormancy that hampers seedling production in the nursery for large-scale reforestation efforts. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dormancy breaking treatments for A. velutinum seeds. We conducted a factorial experiment involving six seed lots collected along an elevation gradient from 300 to 1800 m at 300 m interval and four cold-moist stratification periods （0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks） at 4℃ and 70% relative humidity. The result shows that the germination of cold-moist stratified seeds was significantly （p 〈 0.0001） higher than the control for all seed lots. The highest germination capacity was recorded after 16 weeks of cold-moist stratification for all seed lots （68% 88% depending on the seed lot） except those collected from mid altitude sites （600 and 900 m） that germinated equally well （≥ 75%） after 4and 8-week of clod-moist stratification compared to the other seed lots. The mean germination time was significantly shorter （12 to 19 days, depending on the seed lot） for seeds stratified for 16 weeks than for untreated seeds. It can be concluded that：（1） cold-moist stratification for 16 weeks is the best pre-sowing treatment for breaking dormancy in A. velutinum seeds; and （2） seeds should be collected from mid altitude sites （600 and 900 m） to get more than 80% germination within 15 days, and these seed lots even required shorter cold-moist stratification period（eight weeks） than other seed lots.

关键词： cold-stratification altitude physiological dormancy velvet maple seed germination

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A chronosequence analysis of forest recovery on abandoned agricultural fields in Nicaragua

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第3期20卷 213-222页

作者： Guillermo Castro Matin Mulualem Tigabu Benigno Gonzalez-Rivas per christer oden Facultad de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente Universidad Nacional Agraria Apartado posta 453 Managua Nicaragua. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Sciences Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Tropical Silviculture and SeedLaboratory PO Box 101 SE-230 53 Alnarp Sweden.

Species composition, diversity and population structure of woody species recovered on three abandoned agricultural fields after 4, 9 and 14 years were characterized. Seedlings, saplings/poles and mature trees were identified and counted in 70 plots of 100 m^2 in each abandoned site. A total of 13, 29 and 22 families represented by 17, 48 and 44 species were registered in 4-, 9- and 14-year-old stands, respectively. There was a shift in dominant species across successional stages. Lonchocarpus acuminatus had the highest importance value in the 4-year old stand, whereas, Myrospermun frutescens, Guazurna ulmifolia and Cordia alliodora had the highest importance value in the 9-year-old-stand and Caesaeria corymbosa, Muntingia calabura, Gliricidia sepium and Tabebuia rosea in the 14-year-old stand. The total stem density increased from 5011 to 9631 individuals per hectare as the age of abandonment increased from 4 to 14 years. The total basal area of individuals _〉 I cm d.b.h, also increased with the age of abandonment. Overall, small individuals （〈 10 cm dbh） contributed to more than half of the total basal area. Species diversity was the highest in the 9-year old stand followed by 14- and 4-year-old stands. We concluded that floristic composition of secondary forests recovers rapidly to the mature forest level compared to structural attributes, which is consistent with the general successional trajectories of tropical dry forest.

关键词： Central America dry forest Neotropics restoration secondary succession abandoned agricultural field forest recovery

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Physiological responses of needles of Pinus massoniana elite families to phosphorus stress in acid soil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第2期24卷 325-332页

作者： HE You-lan LIU Ai-qin Mulualem Tigabu WU Pengfei MA Xiang-qing WANG Chen per christer oden Forestry College Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Science Southern Swedish forest Research Centre

Pinus massoniana Lamb. is a major timber species widely planted in the South China, where the soil is acidic and deficient in phosphorus （P） due to fixation by aluminum and iron. Understanding the physiological responses to rhizospheric insoluble P is essential for enhancing plantation productivity. Thus, a sand culture experiment was conducted with four levels of P treatment （0, 5, 20 g insoluble P and 10 g soluble P）, and 11 P. massoniana elite families. Physiological responses were measured after two months of stress. Compared to the normal soluble P treatment, the insoluble P treatment significantly reduced the proline content and the APase activity in the needles, while it significantly increased the catalase activity by 1.3-fold and malondialdehyde content by 1.2-fold. Soluble protein content was unaffected by the treatments, but chlorophyll content was significantly lower in P-deprived treatment compared with soluble and insoluble P treatments. These physiological responses also exhibited highly significant variation among families （p 〈 0.01）. The findings suggest that increased catalase activities in the presence of insoluble P might be involved in the activation of an anti-oxidation defense mechanism that scavenges the reactive oxygen species elicited by the stress. And this response has a strong genetic control that can be exploited to identify desirable genotypes.

关键词： Masson pine phosphorus stress anti-oxidative system lipid peroxidation

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Comparative growth, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate of seven species of Eucalypt in response to phosphorus supply

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 377-383页

作者： Peng-fei Wu Xiang-qing Ma Mulualem Tigabu Yong Huang Li-li Zhou Liping Cai Xiao-long Hou per christer oden Forestry College Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest ScienceSouthern Swedish forest Research Centre Ningde Forestry Bureau

Plantations of eucalypts as short-rotation tree crops are rapidly expanding in tropical and sub-tropical regions, including southern China, where the soils are acidic and available phosphorus （P） is limited. We investigated seedling growth, dry matter accumulation, and the dynamics of photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of seven Eucalyptus spe- cies/hybrids （E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. grandis x E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla x E. tereticornis, E. grandis x E. tereticornis, E. urophylla x E. grandis） in response to different levels of P supply （0, 6, 12 and 18 mg-kg-l KH2PO4）. The photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content significantly declined as the P supply declined in almost a linear fashion for all species as the P stress period extended. In the absence of P supply, height growth of seedlings of all species was significantly impaired, while root collar diameter growth and whole plant dry matter accumulation was not affected by the level of P supply in most of the species. Significant inter-species variations in growth, dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic rate in response to P supply were detected. Eucalyptus dunnii had the lowest growth perform- ance across all levels of P supply while E. urophylla x E. tereticornis showed superior growth performance. From a practical point of view, E. urophylla x E. tereticornis is suggested as a candidate hybrid for planting on slightly P-deficient sites in southern China while E. dunnii, being a slow-growing species, is not suitable for short-rotation plantation. On plantation sites where severe P deficiency exists, P fertilization needs to be considered to boost rapid growth of seedlings so as to meet the man- agement objectives of short-rotation plantation.

关键词： biomass Eucalyptus phosphorus stress pulp short-rotation forestry

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西非Sudanian稀树草原森林在旱季火烧温度、持续时间及对种子萌发的影响(英文)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2010年第4期21卷 445-450,522,523页

作者： Sidzabda Djibril Dayamba Patrice Savadogo Didier Zida Louis Sawadogo Daniel Tiveau per christer oden Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest SciencesSouthern Swedish Forest Research CentreTropical Silviculture and Seed Laboratory PO Box 49 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières BP 10 Koudougou Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Regional Office for West Africa 06

在西非Sudanian稀树草原森林,计划火烧是一种森林管理措施。开展试验评价火烧季节和不同垂直探测点对最大火温度以及60℃以上火温持续时间的影响,这样的温度对植物组织来说是致命的。设定的火烧季节包括:季初火烧-旱季初期(12月初)、季... 详细信息

在西非Sudanian稀树草原森林,计划火烧是一种森林管理措施。开展试验评价火烧季节和不同垂直探测点对最大火温度以及60℃以上火温持续时间的影响,这样的温度对植物组织来说是致命的。设定的火烧季节包括:季初火烧-旱季初期(12月初)、季中火烧-旱季最干旱的时候(1月中旬)、季末火烧-旱季末期(3月末)。调查了不同季节火烧对3种具有社会-经济价值的树种过火后种子萌发的影响。结果表明,最大燃烧温度和火烧持续时间在旱季不同的时期火烧和垂直探测位置均存在显著差异(p<0.001)。火烧初期地面20cm的火温最高、持续时间最长,火烧中期和末期地表温度最高、持续时间最长。这种差异影响不同土壤深度的种子的萌发过程。讨论了当前林业管理措施中的一些心得。

关键词：布基纳法索(非洲国家) 火烧季节再生稀树草原森林热带生态系统

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