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Benefit of aerosol reduction to winter wheat during China's clean air action:A case study of Henan Province

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 90-101页

作者： Yang Bai Pengfei Zhao Xueyang Chen Lijun Wang Wenjuan Chang Jianzhong Guo Jiayao Wang College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Henan Industrial Technology Academy of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityZhengzhou 475000China Henan Technology Innovation Center of Spatio-Temporal Big Data Henan UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University) Ministry of EducationKaifeng 475000China

A strongly declining aerosol radiative effect has been observed in China since 2013 after implementing the clean air action,yet its impact on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production remains unclear.We use satellite measures and a biophysical crop model to assess the impact of aerosol-induced radiative perturbations on winter wheat production in the agricultural belt of Henan province from 2013 to 2018.After calibrating parameters with the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST)and the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation(GLUE)method,the DSSAT CERES-Wheat model was able to simulate crop biomass and yield more accurately.We found that the aerosol negatively impacted wheat biomass by 21.87%and yield by 22.48%from 2006 to 2018,and the biomass effects from planting to anthesis were more significant compared to anthesis to maturity.Due to the strict clean air action,under all-sky conditions,the surface solar shortwave radiation(SSR)in 2018 increased by about 7.08%over 2006-2013 during the wheat growing seasons.As a result of the improvement of crop photosynthesis,winter wheat biomass and yield increased by an average of 5.46%and 2.9%,respectively.Our findings show that crop carbon uptake and yield will benefit from the clean air action in China,helping to ensure national food and health security.

关键词： Haze pollution Clean air action Aerosol-induced radiative perturbation Wheat production DSSAT model

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Decision Aid Model for Private-owned Electric Vehicles Participating in Frequency Regulation Ancillary Service Market

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 621-629页

作者： Liwei Wang Yingyun Sun Haotian Wang Pengfei Zhao Muhammad Safwan Jaffar School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

To reduce the difficulty and enhance the enthusiasm of private-owned electric vehicles(EVs)to participate in frequency regulation ancillary service market(FRASM),a decision aid model(DAM)is proposed.This paper presents three options for EV participating in FRASM,i.e.,the base mode(BM),unidirectional charging mode(UCM),and bidirectional charging/discharging mode(BCDM),based on a reasonable simplification of users'participating willingness.In BM,individual EVs will not be involved in FRASM,and DAM will assist users to set the optimal charging schemes based on travel plans under the time-of-use(TOU)price.UCM and BCDM are two modes in which EVs can take part in FRASM.DAM can assist EV users to create their quotation plan,which includes hourly upper and lower reserve capabilities and regulation market mileage prices.In UCM and BCDM,the difference is that only the charging rate can be adjusted in the UCM,and the EVs in BCDM can not only charge but also discharge if necessary.DAM can estimate the expected revenue of all three modes,and EV users can make the final decision based on their preferences.Simulation results indicate that all the three modes of DAM can reduce the cost,while BCDM can get the maximum expected revenue.

关键词： Electric vehicle(EV) frequency regulation decision aid model(DAM) utility maximization battery wear cost

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Metabolic memory:mechanisms and diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1086-1114页

作者： Hao Dong Yuezhang Sun Lulingxiao Nie Aimin Cui Pengfei Zhao Wai Keung Leung Qi Wang State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina Periodontology and Implant Dentistry Division Faculty of DentistryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Metabolic diseases and their complications impose health and economic burdens worldwide.Evidence from past experimental studies and clinical trials suggests our body may have the ability to remember the past metabolic environment,such as hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia,thus leading to chronic inflammatory disorders and other diseases even after the elimination of these metabolic environments.The long-term effects of that aberrant metabolism on the body have been summarized as metabolic memory and are found to assume a crucial role in states of health and disease.Multiple molecular mechanisms collectively participate in metabolic memory management,resulting in different cellular alterations as well as tissue and organ dysfunctions,culminating in disease progression and even affecting offspring.The elucidation and expansion of the concept of metabolic memory provides more comprehensive insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying metabolic diseases and complications and promises to be a new target in disease detection and management.Here,we retrace the history of relevant research on metabolic memory and summarize its salient characteristics.We provide a detailed discussion of the mechanisms by which metabolic memory may be involved in disease development at molecular,cellular,and organ levels,with emphasis on the impact of epigenetic modulations.Finally,we present some of the pivotal findings arguing in favor of targeting metabolic memory to develop therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and provide the latest reflections on the consequences of metabolic memory as well as their implications for human health and diseases.

关键词： diseases metabolism alterations

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Effects of fracture evolution and non-Darcy flow on the thermal performance of enhanced geothermal system in 3D complex fractured rock

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第4期34卷 443-459页

作者： Yachen Xie Jianxing Liao Pengfei Zhao Kaiwen Xia Cunbao Li Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S1A4Canada College of Water Resources and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610225China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsWuhan 430071China College of Civil Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Institute of Geosafety School of Engineering and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

In fractured geothermal reservoirs,the fracture networks and internal fluid flow behaviors can significantly impact the thermal performance.In this study,we proposed a non-Darcy rough discrete fracture network(NR-DFN)model that can simultaneously consider the fracture evolution and non-Darcy flow dynamics in studying the thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)coupling processes for heat extraction in geothermal reservoir.We further employed the model on the Habanero enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)project located in Australia.First,our findings illustrate a clear spatial-temporal variation in the thermal stress and pressure perturbations,as well as uneven spatial distribution of shear failure in 3D fracture networks.Activated shear failure is mainly concentrated in the first fracture cluster.Secondly,channeling flow have also been observed in DFNs during heat extraction and are further intensified by the expansion of fractures driven by thermal stresses.Moreover,the combined effect of non-Darcy flow and fracture evolution triggers a rapid decline in the resulting heat rate and temperature.The NR-DFN model framework and the Habanero EGS's results illustrate the importance of both fracture evolution and non-Darcy flow on the efficiency of EGS production and have the potential to promote the development of more sustainable and efficient EGS operations for stakeholders.

关键词： Coupled THM model Non-Darcy flow Deformable DFN Enhanced geothermal systems

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A social computing method for energy safety

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 64-82页

作者： Pengfei Zhao Shuangqi Li Zhidong Cao Paul Jen-Hwa Hu Daniel Dajun Zeng Da Xie Yichen Shen Jiangfeng Li Tianyi Luo Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100090China Systems Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA David Eccles School of Business the University of UtahUtahUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China China University of Mining and Technology China

Information and communication technologies enable the transformation of traditional energy systems into cyber-physical energy systems(CPESs),but such systems have also become popular targets of cyberattacks.Currently,available methods for evaluating the impacts of cyberattacks suffer from limited resilience,efficacy,and practical value.To mitigate their potentially disastrous consequences,this study suggests a two-stage,discrepancy-based optimization approach that considers both preparatory actions and response measures,integrating concepts from social computing.The proposed Kullback-Leibler divergence-based,distributionally robust optimization(KDR)method has a hierarchical,two-stage objective function that incorporates the operating costs of both system infrastructures(e.g.,energy resources,reserve capacity)and real-time response measures(e.g.,load shedding,demand-side management,electric vehicle charging station management).By incorporating social computing principles,the optimization framework can also capture the social behavior and interactions of energy consumers in response to cyberattacks.The preparatory stage entails day-ahead operational decisions,leveraging insights from social computing to model and predict the behaviors of individuals and communities affected by potential cyberattacks.The mitigation stage generates responses designed to contain the consequences of the attack by directing and optimizing energy use from the demand side,taking into account the social context and preferences of energy consumers,to ensure resilient,economically efficient CPES operations.Our method can determine optimal schemes in both stages,accounting for the social dimensions of the problem.An original disaster mitigation model uses an abstract formulation to develop a risk-neutral model that characterizes cyberattacks through KDR,incorporating social computing techniques to enhance the understanding and response to cyber threats.This approach can mitigate the impacts more effectively than several existing methods,even

关键词： Cyberattacks Cyber-physical energy systems Distributionally robust optimization False data injections Two-stage modeling Social computing

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Multiphase Interfacial Regulation Based on Hierarchical Porous Molybdenum Selenide to Build Anticorrosive and Multiband Tailorable Absorbers

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 85-105页

作者： Tianbao zhao Zirui Jia Jinkun Liu Yan Zhang Guanglei Wu pengfei Yin College of Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa’an 625014People’s Republic of China Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment State Key Laboratory of Bio‑Fibers and Eco‑TextilesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071People’s Republic of China

Electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials have an irreplaceable position in the field of military stealth as well as in the field of electromagnetic pollution control.And in order to cope with the complex electromagnetic environment,the design of multifunctional and multiband high efficiency EMW absorbers remains a tremendous challenge.In this work,we designed a three-dimensional porous structure via the salt melt synthesis strategy to optimize the impedance matching of the absorber.Also,through interfacial engineering,a molybdenum carbide transition layer was introduced between the molybdenum selenide nanoparticles and the three-dimensional porous carbon matrix to improve the absorption behavior of the absorber.The analysis indicates that the number and components of the heterogeneous interfaces have a significant impact on the EMW absorption performance of the absorber due to mechanisms such as interfacial polarization and conduction loss introduced by interfacial engineering.Wherein,the prepared MoSe_(2)/MoC/PNC composites showed excellent EMW absorption performance in C,X,and Ku bands,especially exhibiting a reflection loss of−59.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.96 GHz at 1.9 mm.The coordination between structure and components endows the absorber with strong absorption,broad bandwidth,thin thickness,and multi-frequency absorption characteristics.Remarkably,it can effectively reinforce the marine anticorrosion property of the epoxy resin coating on Q235 steel substrate.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between interfacial engineering and the performance of EMW absorbers,and provides a reference for the design of multifunctional,multiband EMW absorption materials.

关键词： Interfacial engineering Anticorrosion Multiband Electromagnetic wave absorber

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A Unifi ed View of Carbon Neutrality:Solar-Driven Selective Upcycling of Waste Plastics

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第1期30卷 1-26页

作者： Zhiyong zhao Shuai Yue Gaohua Yang pengfei Wang Sihui Zhan MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin 300350China

With the rapid development of plastic production and consumption globally,the amount of post-consumer plastic waste has reached levels that have posed environmental threats.Considering the substantial CO_(2)emissions throughout the plastic lifecycle from material production to its disposal,photocatalysis is considered a promising strategy for eff ective plastic recycling and upcycling.It can upgrade plastics into value-added products under mild conditions using solar energy,realizing zero carbon emissions.In this paper,we explain the basics of photocatalytic plastic reformation and underscores plastic feedstock reformation pathways into high-value-added products,including both degradation into CO_(2)followed by reformation and direct reformation into high-value-added products.Finally,the current applications of transforming plastic waste into fuels,chemicals,and carbon materials and the outlook on upcycling plastic waste by photocatalysis are presented,facilitating the realization of carbon neutrality and zero plastic waste.

关键词： Photocatalysis Photoreforming Plastics upcycling Carbon neutrality Energy storage and conversion

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Design and experimental study of the end-effector for broccoli harvesting

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 137-144页

作者： Xiong zhao Gangji Xu pengfei Zhang Gaohong Yu Yadan Xu Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310018China Hangzhou vocational&Technical College Hangzhou 310018China

The end-effector is an important part of the broccoli harvesting robot.Aiming at the physical characteristics of a large broccoli head and thick stem,a spherical cutting tool broccoli harvesting end-effector was designed in this study.First,the physical characteristics of broccoli were tested,and physical parameters such as the broccoli head diameter and stem diameter of broccoli were measured.The maximum cutting force of broccoli stems under different cutting angles was tested.Second,according to the physical characteristics and harvesting process of broccoli,the end-effector was designed,and the mathematical model of kinematics and dynamics was established.Based on the results of dynamic analysis,the end-effector rod was optimized,and the unilateral width of the slider was 40 mm,the length of the connecting rod was 120 mm,and the length of the crank was 42 mm.The mechanism needed an external driving force of 140.54 N to cut the broccoli stem.Therefore,a 32 mm cylinder with a load rate of 50%was selected as the power source.Finally,the feasibility of the broccoli harvesting end-effector was verified by the harvesting test.Experiments showed that the overall harvesting success rate of the end-effector is 93.3%,and the smoothness rate of the stem section is 83.3%.The harvesting performance of the broccoli end-effector was verified.This lays a foundation for agricultural robots to harvest broccoli.

关键词： harvesting robot broccoli end-effector dynamic analysis mechanism optimization

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Resource Allocation in Multi-User Cellular Networks:A Transformer-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

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China Communications 2024年第5期21卷 77-96页

作者： zhao Di Zheng Zhong Qin pengfei Qin Hao Song Bin State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University710071China China Academy of Space Technology Beijing 100081China

To meet the communication services with diverse requirements,dynamic resource allocation has shown increasing importance.In this paper,we consider the multi-slot and multi-user resource allocation(MSMU-RA)in a downlink cellular scenario with the aim of maximizing system spectral efficiency while guaranteeing user fairness.We first model the MSMURA problem as a dual-sequence decision-making process,and then solve it by a novel Transformerbased deep reinforcement learning(TDRL)approach.Specifically,the proposed TDRL approach can be achieved based on two aspects:1)To adapt to the dynamic wireless environment,the proximal policy optimization(PPO)algorithm is used to optimize the multi-slot RA strategy.2)To avoid co-channel interference,the Transformer-based PPO algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal multi-user RA scheme by exploring the mapping between user sequence and resource sequence.Experimental results show that:i)the proposed approach outperforms both the traditional and DRL methods in spectral efficiency and user fairness,ii)the proposed algorithm is superior to DRL approaches in terms of convergence speed and generalization performance.

关键词： dynamic resource allocation multi-user cellular network spectrum efficiency user fairness

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Anti-psoriasis molecular targets and active components discovery of Optimized Yinxieling Formula via affinity-purified strategy

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2024年第2期22卷 127-136页

作者： WANG Wei LIU Lijuan YANG Zhuo LU Chuanjian TU pengfei zhao Ruizhi ZENG Kewu State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510006China

Psoriasis,a prevalent inherited skin condition,involves an inflammatory response as a key pathogenic mechanism.The Optimized Yinxieling Formula(OYF),rooted in traditional Chinese medicine,is extensively utilized in clinical settings to treat psoriasis.Although previous studies have demonstrated OYF’s significant anti-inflammatory effects in psoriasis,its potential molecular targets and active components remain unexplored.This study aimed to unveil the anti-psoriasis molecular targets and active components of OYF.Our findings indicated that OYF extract markedly reduced the production of several inflammatory mediators,including IL-23,nitric oxide,TNF-α,and IL-1β,in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.We synthesized OYF extract-crosslinked beads to isolate pharmacological targets from RAW264.7 lysates using an affinity purification strategy,known as Target Fishing.The enriched target proteins were subsequently identified via LC-MS/MS,followed by bioinformatics analysis to map the psoriasis-associated pathway-gene network.We identified a total of 76 potential target proteins,which were highly associated with mRNA transcription mechanisms.In particular,pathway-gene network analysis revealed that the IL-23 inflammatory pathway was involved in the anti-psoriasis effect of OYF extract.We further utilized a target protein-based affinity capture strategy,combined with LC-MS and SPR analysis,to globally screen OYF’s active components,focusing on the mRNA transcription regulator,fused in sarcoma(FUS).This process led to the identification of umbelliferone,vanillic acid,protocatechuic acid,gentisic acid,and echinacoside as key compounds targeting FUS to inhibit IL-23 expression.Additionally,we formulated a compound cocktail(CpdC),which significantly reduced psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)scores and the expressions of IL-23 and Ki67 in an imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Collectively,our study elucidates the primary molecular targets and active components of OYF,offering novel insights for psoriasis treatment.

关键词： Psoriasis Optimized Yinxieling Formula(OYF) FUS protein Molecular targets Affinity-purified strategy

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