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Intake of tobacco nitrosamines of smokers in various provinces of China and their cancer risk:A meta-analysis

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 249-260页

作者： Xiao Li Zhiwei Ye Jun Wang pengfei lin Xiaojin Zhang Shuguang Xie Chao Chen Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhouJiangsu 215163China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogens which have been detected widely in food,water,some pharmaceuticals as well as tobacco.The objectives of this paper include reviewing the basic information on tobacco consumption and nitrosamine contents,and assessing the health risks of tobacco nitrosamines exposure to Chinese smokers.We searched the publications in English from“Web of Science”and those in Chinese from the“China National Knowledge Infrastructure”in 2022 and collected 151 literatures with valid information.The content of main nitrosamines in tobacco,including 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK),N-nitrosonornicotine(NNN),N-nitrosoanatabine(NAT),N-nitrosoanabasine(NAB),total tobacco-specific nitrosamines(TSNA),and N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)were summarized.The information of daily tobacco consumption of smokers in 30 provinces of China was also collected.Then,the intakes of NNN,NNK,NAT,NAB,TSNAs,and NDMA via tobacco smoke were estimated as 1534ng/day,591 ng/day,685 ng/day,81 ng/day,2543 ng/day,and 484 ng/day by adult smokers in30 provinces,respectively.The cancer risk(CR)values for NNN and NNK inhalation intake were further calculated as 1.44×10^(-5)and 1.95×10^(-4).The CR value for NDMA intake via tobacco smoke(inhalation:1.66×10^(-4))indicates that NDMA is similarly dangerous in tobacco smoke when compared with the TSNAs.In China,the CR values caused by average nitrosamines intake via various exposures and their order can be estimated as the following:smoke(3.75×10^(-4))>food(1.74×10^(-4))>drinking water(1.38×10^(-5)).Smokers in China averagely suffer 200%of extra cancer risk caused by nitrosamines in tobacco when compared with non-smokers.

关键词： N-nitrosamine Tobacco Cancer risk Tobacco specific nitrosamines(TSNAs) N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)

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Correcting Climate Model Sea Surface Temperature Simulations with Generative Adversarial Networks:Climatology,Interannual Variability,and Extremes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1299-1312页

作者： Ya WANG Gang HUANG Baoxiang PAN pengfei lin Niklas BOERS Weichen TAO Yutong CHEN BO LIU Haijie LI State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of MunichOttobrunn 85521Germany Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam 14412Germany Department of Mathematics and Global Systems Institute University of ExeterExeter EX44QEUK CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre(CEMC) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Climate models are vital for understanding and projecting global climate change and its associated impacts.However,these models suffer from biases that limit their accuracy in historical simulations and the trustworthiness of future projections.Addressing these challenges requires addressing internal variability,hindering the direct alignment between model simulations and observations,and thwarting conventional supervised learning methods.Here,we employ an unsupervised Cycle-consistent Generative Adversarial Network(CycleGAN),to correct daily Sea Surface Temperature(SST)simulations from the Community Earth System Model 2(CESM2).Our results reveal that the CycleGAN not only corrects climatological biases but also improves the simulation of major dynamic modes including the El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Ocean Dipole mode,as well as SST extremes.Notably,it substantially corrects climatological SST biases,decreasing the globally averaged Root-Mean-Square Error(RMSE)by 58%.Intriguingly,the CycleGAN effectively addresses the well-known excessive westward bias in ENSO SST anomalies,a common issue in climate models that traditional methods,like quantile mapping,struggle to rectify.Additionally,it substantially improves the simulation of SST extremes,raising the pattern correlation coefficient(PCC)from 0.56 to 0.88 and lowering the RMSE from 0.5 to 0.32.This enhancement is attributed to better representations of interannual,intraseasonal,and synoptic scales variabilities.Our study offers a novel approach to correct global SST simulations and underscores its effectiveness across different time scales and primary dynamical modes.

关键词： generative adversarial networks model bias deep learning El Niño-Southern Oscillation marine heatwaves

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Evaluating CMIP6 models in simulating the North Pacific decadal variability in sea surface salinity

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2661-2680页

作者： Jian CHEN Hailong LIU pengfei lin Wenrong BAI Chengzu BAI Lu WANG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering Beijing Municipal Climate Center Beijing Meteorological Bureau Space System Department Equipment Department

The North Pacific sea surface salinity(SSS) decadal variability(NPSDV) and its potential forcing were evaluated from 25 coupled models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) considering the prospects for decadal climate predictions. The results indicated that the CMIP6 models generally reproduced the spatial patterns of NPSDV. The large standard deviation of the SSS anomaly over the strong current regions, such as the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension(KOE), North Pacific Current(NPC), California Current System(CCS), and Alaskan Coastal Current(ACC), is reflected in the two leading modes of NPSDV: a dipole with out-of-phase loadings in the KOE-NPC versus CCS-ACC and a monopole with positive loading over the KOE-NPC. The order of modes is sensitive to individual models that exhibit discrepancies, especially in temporal phases and power spectra. An autoregressive model of order-1 was used to reconstruct the NPSDV with several forcing terms.The generally weaker influence of forcings in an autoregressive model of order-1 is partly related to the overestimated response time of NPSDV relative to forcings. Most NPSDV variances originate from the persistence of SSS anomalies, but the dominant forcing factors are diverse among models. The model diversity for the NPSDV simulation mainly arises from the influence of the tropical El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation through teleconnection on the North Pacific Oscillation or Aleutian Low with timescale dependence. Conversely, models that can reproduce the NPSDV well are not dependent on those with larger impacts from the North Pacific oceanic processes.

关键词： North Pacific Sea surface salinity Decadal variability CMIP6 Leading mode

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MALDI coupled with laser-postionization and trapped ion mobility spectrometry contribute to the enhanced detection of lipids in cancer cell spheroids

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 464-468页

作者： Jing Chen Peisi Xie pengfei Wu Yu He Zian lin Zongwei Cai Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food SafetyCollege of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350116China Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological AnalysisHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210018China

Cancer cell spheroids(CCS) are a valuable three-dimensional cell model in cancer studies because they could replicate numerous characteristics of solid tumors. Increasing researches have used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) to investigate the spatial distribution of endogenous compounds(e.g., lipids) in CCS. However, only limited lipid species can be detected owing to a low ion yield by using MALDI. Besides, it is still challenging to fully characterize the structural diversity of lipids due to the existence of isomeric/isobaric species. Here, we carried out the initial application of MALDI coupled with laser-postionization(MALDI-2) and trapped ion mobility spectrometry(TIMS) imaging in HCT116 colon CCS to address these challenges. We demonstrated that MALDI-2 is capable of detecting more number and classes of lipids in HCT116 colon CCS with higher signal intensities than MALDI. TIMS could successfully separate numerous isobaric/isomeric species of lipids in CCS. Interestingly, we found that some isomeric/isobaric species have totally different spatial distributions in colon CCS. Further MS/MS imaging analysis was employed to determine the compositions of fatty acid chains for isomeric species by examining disparities in signal intensities and spatial distributions of product ions. This work stresses the robust ability of TIMS and MALDI-2 imaging in analyzing endogenous lipids in CCS, which could potentially become powerful tools for future cancer studies.

关键词： Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI) Mass spectrometry imaging MALDI coupled with laser-postionization Trapped ion mobility spectrometry Cancer cell spheroids

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Machine learning solution for regional landslide susceptibility based on fault zone division strategy

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第5期21卷 1745-1760页

作者： WANG Yunhao WANG Luqi LIU Songlin SUN Weixin LIU pengfei ZHU lin YANG Wenyu GUO Tong School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Chongqing UniversityMinistry of EducationChongqing 400045China National Joint Engineering Research Center of Geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring Chongqing 401147China Chongqing 205 Geological Team Chongqing 401121China

Landslide susceptibility assessment is an essential tool for disaster prevention and management. In areas with multiple fault zones, the impact of fault zone on slope stability cannot be disregarded. This study performed qualitative analysis of fault zones and proposed a zoning method to assess the landslide susceptibility in Chengkou County, Chongqing Municipality, China. The region within a distance of 1 km from the faults was designated as sub-zone A, while the remaining area was labeled as sub-zone B. To accomplish the assessment, a dataset comprising 388 historical landslides and 388 non-landslide points was used to train the random forest model. 10-fold cross-validation was utilized to select the training and testing datasets for the model. The results of the models were analyzed and discussed, with a focus on model performance and prediction uncertainty. By implementing the proposed division strategy based on fault zone, the accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, and AUC of both two sub-zones surpassed those of the whole region. In comparison to the results obtained for the whole region, sub-zone B exhibited an increase in AUC by 6.15%, while sub-zone A demonstrated a corresponding increase of 1.66%. Moreover, the results of 100 random realizations indicated that the division strategy has little effect on the prediction uncertainty. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the prediction accuracy of the landslide susceptibility mapping model in areas with multiple fault zones.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility mapping Fault division strategy Random forest GIS

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Simultaneous acceleration of sulfur reduction and oxidation on bifunctional electrocatalytic electrodes for quasi-solid-state Zn–S batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1531-1538页

作者： Mingli Wang Hong Zhang Tianhang Ding Fangjun Wu lin Fu Bin Song pengfei Cao Ke Lu Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of EducationAnhui UniversityHefei 230601China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China Institute of Functional Nano&Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The incomplete sulfur reduction and high ZnS re-oxidation energy barrier along with severe side reactions during the battery cycling compromise the practical application of Zn–S electrochemistry. Herein, a bifunctional electrocatalytic sulfur matrix that simultaneously accelerates the sulfur reduction and ZnS oxidation is proposed to realize a highly-efficient Zn–S cell. It is revealed that the N-heteroatom hotspots are more favorable for facilitating the conversion of S to ZnS while the CoO nanocrystal substantially lowers the ZnS activation energy barrier thereby suppressing the formation of disproportionation species(e.g.,SO_(4)^(2-)) and accumulation of inactive ZnS. Accordingly, the Co O anchored on the N-doped carbon-supported sulfur cathode delivers a high Zn^(2+)storage capacity of 1,172 m Ahg^(-1)and outstanding cycling stability with a capacity retention of 71.6% after500 cycles with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 97.8%. Simultaneously, the stable cycling of solid-state Zn–S pouch cells with an energy density of 585 Whkg^(-1)sulfuris also demonstrated. Moreover, the postmortem analysis reveals that the degradation of Zn–S cells is mainly attributed to the limited reversibility of Zn anodes rather than the ZnS decomposition and/or accumulation. The approach to the bidirectional catalysis manipulated the sulfur redox provides a new perspective to realize the theoretical potentials of Zn–S cells.

关键词： Zn–S battery bifunctional catalysts solid-state battery sulfur redox degradation mechanism

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Paleoclimatic application of spectral parameters to the eolian red clay of the Jianzha Basin,northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1952-1966页

作者： Chaofeng FU Ju’e TIAN Xinwen XU Yougui SONG Jun ZUO Feng WANG lin CHEN pengfei LI Xiaoke QIANG The School of Earth Science and Resources Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth and EnvironmentCASXi’an 710061China College of Urban and Environmental Science Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China

Reflectance spectroscopy is rapid,inexpensive,and non-destructive and can provide important information about the mineralogy of rocks and sediments.We measured the reflectance spectroscopy of Miocene red clay deposits on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,with the aim of developing a rapid methodology for detecting paleoclimatic changes.We obtained visible/near-infrared(VNIR)and short-wave infrared(SWIR)spectroscopy data from the red clay in the Jianzha Basin,and analyzed their relationship with independent paleoclimatic records,including mineral contents and environmental magnetic parameters.The results show that the VNIR parameters,including D500,D900,R500,and R900(where D and R represent the depth and reflectance of the absorption peaks around 500 and 900 nm,respectively)are temperature-sensitive and correlated with the magnetic susceptibility,frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility,and the marine δ^(18)O record.The results of frequency-domain analysis of the VNIR parameters show that they reflect climate change on orbital timescales.SWIR parameters,such as AS1400,D1400/D1900 and D1900(where AS represents the asymmetry of the absorption peaks around1400 nm),are correlated with the illite and montmorillonite content,and they are sensitive to the weathering intensity.The spectral parameters of the eolian red clay in the Jianzha Basin reflect regional climatic changes caused by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau at~8.5 Ma and global climatic cooling at~7.2 Ma,and thus they are applicable as both regional and global paleoenvironmental indicators.

关键词： Visible/near-infrared spectroscopy Short-wave infrared spectroscopy Paleoclimatic indicators Red clay Tibetan Plateau

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Genomic alterations in oral multiple primary cancers

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 145-153页

作者： Wen Wang Qian Wang Shiying Sun pengfei Zhang Yuyu Li Weimin lin Qiwen Li Xiao Zhang Zhe Ma Haiyan Lu Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina Department of Orthodontics School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Center for Stomatology&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Preventive Dentistry School and Hospital of StomatologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebeiChina

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer, while some patients may develop oral multiple primary cancers (MPCs) with unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and genomic alterations of oral MPCs. Clinicopathological data from patients with oral single primary carcinoma (SPC, n=202) and oral MPCs (n=34) were collected and compared. Copy number alteration (CNA) analysis was conducted to identify chromosomal-instability differences among oral MPCs, recurrent OSCC cases, and OSCC patients with lymph node metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing was employed to identify potential unique gene mutations in oral MPCs patients. Additionally, CNA and phylogenetic tree analyses were used to gain preliminary insights into the molecular characteristics of different primary tumors within individual patients. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to oral SPC, females predominated the oral MPCs (70.59%), while smoking and alcohol use were not frequent in MPCs.Moreover, long-term survival outcomes were poorer in oral MPCs. From a CNA perspective, no significant differences were observed between oral MPCs patients and those with recurrence and lymph node metastasis. In addition to commonly mutated genes such as CASP8, TP53 and MUC16, in oral MPCs we also detected relatively rare mutations, such as HS3ST6 and RFPL4A. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that most MPCs patients exhibited similarities in certain genomic regions within individuals, and distinct differences of the similarity degree were observed between synchronous and metachronous oral MPCs.

关键词： alterations metastasis oral

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Cu nanowire array with designed interphases enabling high performance Si anode toward flexible lithium-ion battery

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1516-1524页

作者： pengfei Su Ziqi Zhang linshan Luo Zhiyong Zhang Chaofei Lan Yahui Li Shaowen Xu Shanpeng Pei Guangyang lin Cheng Li Xiang Han Wei Huang Songyan Chen Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient DevicesDepartment of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Science and Technology on Analog Integrated Circuit Laboratory Chongqing 400060China Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co. Ltd.Jinan 250013China

To meet the growing demand for wearable smart electronic devices,the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is essential.Silicon is an ideal candidate for the anode material of flexible lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low working potential,and earth abundance.The largest challenge in developing a flexible silicon anode is how to maintain structural integrity and ensure stable electrochemical reactions during external deformation.In this work,we propose a novel design for fabricating core–shell electrodes based on a copper nanowire(CuNW)array core and magnetron sputtered Si/C shell.The nanowire array structure has characteristics of bending under longitudinal stress and twisting under transverse stress,which helps to maintain the mechanical stability of the structure during electrode bending and cycling.The low-temperature annealing generates a small amount of Cu3Si alloy,which enhances the connection strength between Si and the conductive network and solves the poor conductivity problem of Si,which is known as a semiconductor material.This unique configuration design of CuNW@Si@C-400℃ leads to stable long cycle performance of 1109 mAh∙g^(-1) after 1000 cycles and excellent rate performance of 500 mAh∙g^(-1) at a current density of 10 A∙g^(-1).Furthermore,the CuNW@Si@C-400℃||LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full battery demonstrates excellent flexibility,with a capacity retention of more than 96%after 100 bends.This study provides a promising strategy for the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： flexible lithium-ion battery silicon anode magnetron sputtering core–shell electrode Cu nanowire array

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Review on corrosion and corrosion scale formation upon unlined cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 173-189页

作者： Haiya Zhang Dibo Liu Lvtong Zhao Jun Wang Shuguang Xie Shuming Liu pengfei lin Xiaojian Zhang Chao Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou) TsinghuaSuzhou 215163China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The qualified finished water from water treatment plants(WTPs) may become discolored and deteriorated during transportation in drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs), which affected tap water quality seriously. This water stability problem often occurs due to pipe corrosion and the destabilization of corrosion scales. This paper provides a comprehensive review of pipe corrosion in DWDSs, including corrosion process, corrosion scale formation, influencing factors and monitoring technologies utilized in DWDSs. In terms of corrosion process, corrosion occurrence, development mechanisms, currently applied assays, and indices used to determine the corrosion possibility are summarized, as well as the chemical and bacterial influences. In terms of scale formation, explanations for the nature of corrosion and scale formation mechanisms are discussed and its typical multilayered structure is illustrated. Furthermore, the influences of water quality and microbial activity on scale transformation are comprehensively discussed. Corrosion-related bacteria at the genus level and their associated corrosion mechanism are also summarized. This review helps deepen the current understanding of pipe corrosion and scale formation in DWDSs, providing guidance for water supply utilities to ensure effective measures to maintain water quality stability and guarantee drinking water safety.

关键词： Corrosion Scale formation Water quality stability Drinking water distribution system Iron pipe Water supply safety

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