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Nonstationarities and At-site Probabilistic Forecasts of Seasonal Precipitation in the East River Basin, China

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第1期9卷 100-115页

作者： peng Sun qiang zhang Xihui Gu Peijun Shi Vijay P.Singh Changqing Song Xiuyu zhang College of Territorial Resources and Tourism Anhui Normal University Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal University School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University South China Institute of Environmental Sciences

Seasonal precipitation changes under the influence of large-scale climate oscillations in the East River basin were studied using daily precipitation data at 29 rain stations during 1959–2010. Seasonal and global models were developed and evaluated for probabilistic precipitation forecasting. Generalized additive model for location,scale, and shape was used for at-site precipitation forecasting. The results indicate that:(1) winter and spring precipitation processes at most stations are nonstationary,while summer and autumn precipitation processes at few of the stations are stationary. In this sense, nonstationary precipitation processes are dominant across the studyregion;(2) the magnitude of precipitation is influenced mainly by the Arctic Oscillation, the North Pacific Oscillation, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO). The El Nin? o/Southern Oscillation(ENSO) also has a considerable effect on the variability of precipitation regimes across the East River basin;(3) taking the seasonal precipitation changes of the entire study period as a whole, the climate oscillations influence precipitation magnitude, and this is particularly clear for the PDO and the ENSO. The latter also impacts the dispersion of precipitation changes; and(4) the seasonal model is appropriate for modeling spring precipitation, but the global model performs better for summer, autumn, and winter precipitation.

关键词： China ENSO regimes GAMLSS model Nonstationarity Probabilistic precipitation forecasting

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Clinical significance of detection of antibodies to fetal and adult acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第5期28卷 469-474页

作者： qi-Guang Shi Zhi-Hong Wang Xiao-Wei Ma Da-qi zhang Chun-Sheng Yang Fu-Dong Shi Li Yang Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Tianjin 300052 China Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological Institute St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center Phoenix Arizona 85013 USA

Objective To evaluate the frequency, distribution and clinical significance of the antibodies to the fetal and/or adult acetylcholine receptor （AChR） in patients with myasthenia gravis （MG）. Methods AChR antibodies were detected by cell-based assay in the serum of ocular MG （OMG）（n = 90） and generalized MG （GMG） patients （n = 110）. The fetal-type （2α： β： γ： δ） and adult-type （2α： β： ε： δ） AChR were used as antigens, and their relevance to disease presentation was assessed. Results The overall frequencies of anti-adult and anti-fetal AChR antibodies were similar in all 200 patients examined, with 14 having serum specific to the AChR-γ subunit, and 22 to the AChR-ε subunit. The overall sensitivity when using the fetal and adult AChR antibodies was higher than that when using the fetal AChR antibody only （P = 0.015）. Compared with OMG patients, the mean age at disease onset and the positive ratio of antibodies to both isoforms of the AChR were significantly higher in patients who subsequently progressed to GMG. Older patients and patients with both anti-fetal and anti-adult AChR antibodies had a greater risk for developing generalized disease [odds ratio （OR）, 1.03; 95% confidence interval （CI）, 1.01–1.06 and OR, 5.09; 95% CI, 2.23–11.62]. Conclusion Using both fetal-and adult-type AChRs as the antigens may be more sensitive than using either subtype. Patients with serum specific to both isoforms are at a greater risk of progressing to GMG. Patients with disease onset at an advanced age appear to have a higher frequency of GMG conversion.

关键词： myasthenia gravis acetylcholine receptor antibodies acetylcholine receptor subunit cell-based assay adult fetal

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Detection of dopamine at graphene-ZIF-8 nanocomposite modified electrode

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2017年第7期28卷 1473-1478页

作者： Yan-Yan Zheng Chang-Xia Li Xiao-Teng Ding qi Yang Ya-Min qi Hui-Min zhang Liang-Ti Qu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

A hybrid graphene-ZIF-8（G-ZIF-8） nanocomposite modified electrode was prepared in our work. SEM characterization shows that nanocrystals of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks（ZIF-8） were homogeneously well-intergrown on the surface of graphene and thus the graphene sheets were refrained from restacking, which implies the high accessible surface area. The BET results further testifies that G-ZIF-8composites had a larger surface area than 3D graphene. G-ZIF-8 modified electrode exhibited excellent electroanalytical performance for dopamine. The linear concentration range was from 3.0 mmol/L to1.0 mmol/L with the detection sensitivity of 0.34 m A/mmol/L and the detection limit of 1.0 mmol/L was obtained. The interference study, electrode stability and reproducibility were carried out. In addition, the prepared sensor was applied to the detection of DA in serum sample with recoveries from 96.8% to100.7%. It is believable that the structure characteristic of G-ZIF-8 nanocomposite is favorable for using MOFs to fabricate highly sensitive electrochemical sensor

关键词： ZIF-8 Graphene Nanocomposite Modified electrode Dopamine

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Technical and environmental efficiency of hog production in China—A stochastic frontier production function analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1069-1080页

作者： ZHOU Ying-heng zhang Xiao-heng TIAN Xu GENG Xian-hui zhang peng YAN Bin-jian College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural University China Center for Food Security Studies Nanjing Agricultural University

This article analyses the technical and environmental efficiency of hog production in China using data from the China Agricultural Product Cost-Benefit Compilation（NDRC 2005–2013） and the First National Census of Pollution： Manual of Discharge Coefficient of Livestock and Poultry Industry（IEDA and NIES 2009）. The empirical results show a great variation in environmental efficiency, ranging from 0.344 to 0.973 with a mean value of 0.672 that declines over time. Southwest China is found to be the most environmentally efficient region, while the Northeast and the Northwest are the least efficient. Another finding is that technical and environmental efficiencies are highly correlated in hog production; the most environmentally efficient regions are usually found to have high technical efficiency, and vice versa. In addition, we computed the output elasticities with respect to each factor input. The results show that feed is the most efficient input, with an output elasticity of approximately 0.551, which is much higher than the elasticity of the nitrogen surplus, other capital or labour. The output elasticity with respect to the nitrogen surplus is 0.287 on average. Finally, the scale elasticity in hog production is slightly higher than 1.

关键词： frontier surplus elasticity Northeast stochastic Census Northwest finding technological producer

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Transient response of carbon nanotube integrated circuits

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 1005-1016页

作者： Panpan zhang Yingjun Yang Tian Pei Chenguang qiu Li Ding Shibo Liang Zhiyong zhang Lianmao peng ing 100871 China

The speed of frequency response of all published carbon nanotube （CNT） integrated circuits （ICs） is far from that predicted. The transient response of CNT ICs is explored systematically through the combination of experimental and simulation methods. Complementary field-effect-transistor （FET） based inverters were fabricated on a single semiconducting CNT, and the dynamic response measurement indicates that it can only work at an unexpectedly low speed, i.e. with a large propagation delay of 30 }_ts. Owing to the larger output resistance of CNT FETs, the existence of parasitic capacitances should induce much larger resistive-capacitive （RC） delay than that in Si ICs. Through detailed analysis combining simulation and experimental measurements, several kinds of parasitic capacitances dragging down the actual speed of CNT FET ICs are identified one by one, and each of them limits the speed at different levels through RC delay. It is found that the parasitic capacitance from the measurement system is the dominant one, and the large RC delay lowers the speed of CNT FETs logic circuits to only several kHz which is similar to the experimental results. Various optimized schemes are suggested and demonstrated to minimize the effect of parasitic capacitances, and thus improve the speed of CNT ICs.

关键词： type keywordscarbon nanotube field-effect-transistors (CNTFETs) transient response parasitic capacitance propagation delay digital circuits

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Weak lensing magnification reconstruction with the modified internal linear combination method

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第10期21卷 51-60页

作者： Shu-Tong Hou Yu Yu peng-Jie zhang Department of Astronomy School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai 200240China

Measuring weak lensing cosmic magnification signal is very challenging due to the overwhelming intrinsic clustering in the observed galaxy *** this paper,we modify the Internal Linear Combination(ILC)method to reconstruct the lensing signal with an extra constraint to suppress the intrinsic *** quantify the performance,we construct a realistic galaxy catalogue for the LSST-like photometric survey,covering 20000 deg^(2) with mean source redshift at z_(s)~*** find that the reconstruction performance depends on the width of the photo-z bin we *** to the correlation between the lensing signal and the source galaxy distribution,the derived signal has smaller systematic bias but larger statistical uncertainty for a narrower photo-z *** conclude that the lensing signal reconstruction with the Modified ILC method is unbiased with a statistical uncertainty <5% for bin width Δz^(P)=0.2.

关键词： cosmology:observations large-scale structure of universe weak lensing

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Eurasian otters prefer to prey on religious released nonnative fish on the qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 472-479页

作者： qiaoyun Wang Xuesong Han Zichen Wang Kaidan Zheng Zhengyi Dong peng zhang pengfei Fan Lu zhang School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shan Shui Conservation Center Beijing100871China School of Ecology Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518107China

Religious wildlife release is prevalent worldwide,especially in Asia *** is one of the anthropogenic pathways to cause biological *** fish release is common on the qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,yet few studies have assessed the influences of religious fish release on local ***,a city on the qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,we interviewedlocal people,conducted fish trap surveys in local rivers,and exam-ined the diet of Eurasian otters Lutra lutra using a fecal DNA metabarcoding *** found that fish release started at least in 1980-1990s in *** residents released fish in large amounts and released fish were usually exotic commercial fish purchased from *** such long-term and intensive fish release activities,released fish were few in local *** the other hand,Eurasian otters mainly prey on fish and released fish accounted for~20%of relative read abundance of prey DNA in otters'diet,indicating their high preference on released *** study suggested that religious fish release may provide additional food resources for otters,whereas otters,as a top predator in local rivers,may deplete non-native fish once they were released and,therefore,reduce the probability of colonization of released fish,although further studies are required to assess otters'*** study revealed otters'diet in Yushu,providing basic information for local otter management and ***,it represents a case showing that native predators prey on religious released animals,implying a probable direction forcontrolling invasive species through nativepredator conservation.

关键词： biological invasion Buddhism Eurasian otter prey composition religious wildlife release scat DNA.

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Tip-induced directional charge separation on one-dimensional BiVO4 nanocones for asymmetric light absorption

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第9期31卷 326-332,I0009页

作者： Nengcong Yang Ruotian Chen Chenwei Ni Dongfeng Li qi Sun Lifang Liu Yu qi Shengye Jin Xiuli Wang Fengtao Fan Can Li Fuxiang zhang State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsDalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

One dimensional(1D)semiconductor is a class of extensively attractive materials for many emerging solar energy conversion ***,it is still of shortage to assess the impact of 1D structural symmetry on spatial charge separation and understand its underlying *** we take controllably-synthesized 1D BiVO_(4)nanocones and nanorods as prototypes to study the influence of 1D symmetry on charge *** is found that the asymmetric BiVO_(4)nanocones enable more effective charge separation compared with the symmetric *** unexpected spatial charge separation on the nanocones is mainly ascribed to uneven light absorption induced diffusion-controllable charge separation due to symmetry breaking of 1D nanostructure,as evidenced by spatial and temporal resolved ***,the promotion effect of charge separation on the nanocones was quantitatively evaluated to be over 20 times higher than that in BiVO_(4)*** work gives the first demonstration of the influence of 1D structural symmetry on the charge separation behavior,providing new insights to design and fabricate semiconductor materials for efficient solar energy conversion.

关键词： Charge separation Tip-enhanced light absorption Surface photovoltage BiVO4 Photocatalysis

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Synthesis of well-defined functional crystals by high temperature gas-phase reactions

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第18期59卷 2135-2143页

作者： Hai-Bo Jiang Lin-Feng Pan peng-Fei Liu Wen-qi Fang Hua-Gui Yang Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Centre for Clean Environment and Energy Griffith UniversityGold Coast CampusBrisbaneQLD 4222Australia

Over the past decades,there have been many synthesis methods on producing well-defined crystals,due to their enormous application potentials in industrial *** them,high temperature gas-phase reactions(HTGR)approach may be one of the most promising processes for fabrication of well-defined crystals with controllable structure,size,shape,and *** review is focused on the recent progresses in synthesizing well-defined crystalline TiO2dominated with,respectively,{001}facets and{105}facets,one-dimensional ZnO and SnO2nanorods/nanowires,MoS2nanosheets as well as GaP,InP,and GaAs nanowires via HTGR *** these research works were currently carried out on experimental scale,it is worth to note that the industrial importance of this HTGR approach for design and fabrication of well-defined crystals in the future owing to its advantages of continuous and scalable production with controlled dimensions and low cost.

关键词：高温气冷堆气相反应多晶体定义反应合成 SnO2纳米棒纳米二硫化钼工业领域

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Methane hydrate formation comparisons in media with and without a water source supply

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第4期6卷 293-301页

作者： peng zhang qingBai Wu State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Water is a necessary element during gas hydrate formations. Therefore, by analyzing water depletion changes in media, the reaction characteristics of methane hydrate in media can be studied. In this study, two water sources supplying some liquid water which may be consumed by the methane hydrate formation reactions were designed and assembled. Using them, the full formation processes of methane hydrate was studied. Experimental results show the following： If heat released from nucleation reaction of methane hydrate is diffused rapidly, the nucleation ratios will be enhanced discernibly. While the hydrate is formed, a force is generated that sucks fresh water from the source into the vicinity of the hydrate, slowing down the cementation process and causing some hydrate grain dissociation. As a result of cementation differences, the hydrate reaction processes with different water sources present linear or quadratic equation characteristics. After a few repeated dissociation and formation processes of some hydrate grains caused by the fresh water, the gas amounts contained in hydrate will be significantly enhanced.

关键词： water source water transfer methane hydrate formation process

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