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Yield potential and nitrogen use efficiency of China's super rice

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第5期16卷 1000-1008页

作者： WANG Fei peng shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

In 1996, a mega project that aimed to develop rice varieties with super-high yield potential （super rice） was launched by the Ministry of Agriculture （MOA） in China using a combination of the ideotype approach and intersubspecific heterosis. Significant progress has been made in the last two decades, with a large number of super rice varieties being approved by the MOA and the national average grain yield being increased from 6.21 t ha^-1 in 1996 to 6.89 t ha^-1 in 2015. The increase in yield potential of super rice was mainly due to the larger sink size which resulted from larger panicles. Moreover, higher photosynthetic capacity and improved root physiological traits before heading contributed to the increase in sink size. However, the poor grain filling of the later-flowering inferior spikelets and the quickly decreased root activity of super rice during grain filling period restrict the achievement of high yield potential of super rice. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that the high yield potential of super rice requires a large amount of N fertilizer input, which has resulted in an increase in N consumption and a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency （NUE）, although it remains unclear whether super rice per se is responsible for the latter. In the present paper, we review the history and success of China＇s Super Rice Breeding Pro- gram, summarize the advances in agronomic and physiological mechanisms underlying the high yield potential of super rice, and examine NUE differences between super rice and ordinary rice varieties. We also provide a brief introduction to the Green Super Rice Project, which aims to diversify breeding targets beyond yield improvement alone to address global concerns around resource use and environmental change. It is hoped that this review will facilitate further improvement of rice production into the future.

关键词： super rice yield potential nitrogen use efficiency Green Super Rice

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Comparisons of Yield and Growth Behaviors of Hybrid Rice Under Different Nitrogen Management Methods in Tropical and Subtropical Environments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 621-629页

作者： Ibrahim Md peng shao-bing TANG Qi-yuan HUANG Min JIANG peng ZOU Ying-bin College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University Crop Physiology and Production Center (CPPC) Huazhong Agricultural University

To compare the grain yield and growth behaviors of hybrid rice, field experiments were conducted in a subtropical environment in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, and in two tropical environments in Gazipur and Habiganj in Bangladesh during 2009 to 2011. Three hybrid rice cultivars were grown under three nitrogen （N） management treatments in each experiment. The results showed that grain yield was significantly affected by locations, N treatments and their interaction but not by cultivars. Changsha produced 8-58% higher grain yields than Bangladesh locations. Sink size （spikelet number per unit land area） was responsible for these yield differences. Larger panicle size （spikelet number per panicle） contributed to greater sink size in Changsha. Aboveground total biomass was greater in Changsha than in Bangladesh locations, whereas harvest index was higher in Bangladesh locations than in Changsha. Crop growth rate （CGR） was greater at Changsha than Bangladesh locations during vegetative phase, while the difference was relatively small and not consistent during the later growth phases. Higher leaf area index and leaf area duration were partly responsible for the greater CGR in Changsha. Real-time N management （RTNM） produced lower grain yields than fixed-time N management in more than half of the experiments. Our study suggested that further improvement in rice yield in the tropical environments similar to those of Bangladesh will depend mainly on the ability to increase panicle size as well as CGR during vegetative phase, and the chlorophyll meter threshold value used in RTNM needs to be modified according to environmental conditions and cultivar characteristics to achieve a desirable grain yield.

关键词： crop growth rate biomass production hybrid rice leaf area duration leaf area index real-time nitrogenmanagement

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Impacts of the north migration of China＇s rice production on its ecosystem service value during the last three decades (1980-2014)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第1期16卷 76-84页

作者： FANG Fu-ping FENG Jin-fei LI Feng-bo peng shao-bing Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R. China China National Rice Research Institute Hangzhou 310006 P.R. China

The ecosystem services value （ESV） of rice system has received increasing attention in agricultural policy decision. Over the last three decades, China＇s rice production presented an obviously trend that moving towards north locations. However, the impacts of this migration on the ESV of rice production have not been well documented. In this paper, we analyzed the change of the ESV of rice production in China under ＂north migration＂ and ＂no migration＂ scenarios during 1980-2014 based on long-term historical data. The results showed that both the positive and negative ESVs of rice production were lower under ＂north migration＂ than under ＂no migration＂ scenarios. The total ESV during 1980-2014 was reduced by 15.8%. ＂North migration＂ significantly reduced the area-scaled ESV since the early 1990s; while its impact on yield-scaled ESV was not significant. The effects of＂north migration＂ on ESV showed great spatial variation. The greatest reduction in total and area-scaled ESV was observed in south locations. While the yield-scaled ESVs of most south locations were enhanced under ＂north migration＂ scenario. These results indicated that ＂north migration＂ has generated adverse effects on the ESV of rice production. An adjustment in the spatial distribution is essential to protecting the non-production benefits of rice ecosystem.

关键词： ecosystem service value north migration rice ecosystem spatial variation historical change

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Effects of nitrogen management on the ratoon crop yield and head rice yield in South USA

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第6期20卷 1457-1464页

作者： WANG Yue-chao LI Xiu-fen Lee TARPLEY peng shao-bing DOU Fu-gen Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center 1509 Aggie DriveBeaumontTX 77713USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Ratoon rice cropping is an important component of the rice cropping system in Texas and south Louisiana,USA,and expanded to Asian countries in *** field studies were conducted with widely planted rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivars at Eagle Lake,Texas,USA to determine the effects of nitrogen(N)management in main(first)crop(MC)and ratoon(second)crop(RC)on RC *** 2012 and 2013,one cultivar(Presidio)was adopted to determine the effects of RC N management on ratoon yield and head rice *** 2016 and 2017,CL153,CL163 and CL272 in addition to Presidio were adopted to examine the effect of MC N management on ratoon yield and head rice yield.N applied at preflood after MC harvest considerably improved RC *** of 99 kg N ha^(–1)at preflood after MC harvest was practically adequate for RC regrowth,development and approaching the yield potential for *** could produce quite high average grain yields of 5.90 to 6.53 t ha–1 in 2012 and 2013,*** crop N rate only significantly affected MC yield;however,given N applied of 99 kg ha^(–1)at preflood after MC harvest,ratoon yield was not significantly affected by MC N *** the main nor ratoon crop N management had a significant effect on RC head rice *** RC head rice yields(55–65%)were observed in all of the four cultivars and 4 years except for CL272 in *** results indicat that without very high N fertilizer application,rice ratoon crop could produce a considerable grain yield and an expectative head rice *** ratooning could be a practical way to increase rice yields with the minimal input in south Texas and regions with a similar climate.

关键词： rice nitrogen management main crop ratoon crop grain yield head rice yield

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Infection Behaviour of Melampsora larici-populina on the Leaf Surface of Populus purdomii

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第10期10卷 1562-1569页

作者： YU Zhong-dong peng shao-bing REN Zheng-zheng WANG Dong-mei CAO Zhi-min Forestry College Northwest A＆F University Yangling 712100 P.R.China Science College. Northwest A＆F University Yangling 712100 P.R. China

Behaviours of urediospore germtube in Melampsora larici-populina on the leaf surface of Populus purdomii were studied by light microscope, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, and fluorescence microscope. Crab-like fusion cells on leaf surface, intercellular hyphal cells in leaf tissues, as well as nucleus states, were observed and counted up in this study. Under unsaturated humidity, 32% of germinated tubes fused into a distinguishable swollen crab-shaped cell at the merging site, and 10.5% of observed crab-like cells had more than three nuclei. Wedge-shaped mycelia developed and then penetrated the leaf surface directly, or indirectly through stomata. Tips of germtube passed through the intercellular cells of poplar leaves directly were found in TEM. Aniline blue dyeing also showed that the infecting hyphae could invade into the cuticle and epidemic cell wall directly. For the case of infection through stomata, there were two different situations. Short branches and wedge hyphae usually penetrated the leaf surface via opened stomata, whereas, some germtube branches and wedge hyphae penetrated leaves through the guard cell walls or stoma lips. In the latter case, the stomata were always closed. The samples from wild forestlands had the same fused cells and wedge hyphae, but the occurrence rate was much higher than that in the chamber. Even under the saturated air humidity, germtubes could roll back and formed fusion structure, or merged together with their tips. The fusion cells might centralize the plasma of merged germtubes and have a strong survival capacity to protect germtubes from dying under arid circumstances, and provide a chance of genetic variation as well.

关键词： Melampsora larici-populina germtube infection behaviour fusion cell nuclear

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Grain yield and lodging-related traits of ultrashort-duration varieties for direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 2888-2899页

作者： WANG Xin-yu XU Le LI Xiao-xiao YANG Guo-dong WANG Fei peng shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Lodging is the most common constraint on grain yield of direct-seeded *** is limited information about lodging resistance and its related plant traits in direct-seeded and double-season rice(DDR)in Central *** study aims to identify the plant traits that achieve high lodging resistance in ultrashort-duration varieties(about 95 days)of *** experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Wuxue County,Hubei Province,China,with four ultrashort-duration varieties grown under two nitrogen(N)***-related traits were measured on the 15 th day after heading,and yield and yield attributes were measured at *** grain yield of the four varieties ranged from 4.59 to 7.61 t ha^(-1)across the two N rates,with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 *** differences in lodging index were mainly explained by the bending moment,which was closely related to plant *** resistance did not affect the lodging index *** plant height from 95.4 to 80.5 cm decreased the lodging index by 22.4%but did not reduce grain *** results suggested that reducing plant height was effective in improving the lodging resistance of ultrashort-duration varieties of *** resistance should be enhanced by improving breaking resistance rather than reducing plant height to increase DDR grain yield further.

关键词： direct seeding double-season rice lodging plant height ultrashort growth duration

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Grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under different nitrogen and seeding rates in direct-seeded and double-season rice in Central China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第4期22卷 1009-1020页

作者： WANG Xin-yu YANG Guo-dong XU Le XIANG Hong-shun YANG Chen WANG Fei peng shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Nitrogen(N) and seeding rates are important factors affecting grain yield and N use efficiency(NUE) in directseeded rice. However, these factors have not been adequately investigated on direct-seeded and double-season rice(DDR) in Central China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various N and seeding rates on the grain yield and NUE of an ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 in Wuxue County and 2019 in Qichun County, Hubei Province, China with four N rates and three seeding *** results showed that the grain yield of the ultrashort-duration variety ranged from 6.32 to 8.23 t ha–1with a total growth duration of 85 to 97 days across all treatments with N application. Grain yield was increased significantly by N application in most cases, but seeding rate had an inconsistent effect on grain yield. Furthermore, the response of grain yield to the N rates was much higher than the response to seeding rates. The moderate N rates of 100–150 and 70–120 kg N ha–1in the early and late seasons, respectively, could fully express the yield potential of the ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR. Remarkably higher N responses and agronomic NUE levels were achieved in the early-season rice compared with the late-season rice due to the difference in indigenous soil N supply capacity(INS) between the two seasons. Seasonal differences in INS and N response should be considered when crop management practices are optimized for achieving high grain yield and NUE in ultrashort-duration variety grown under DDR.

关键词： direct-seeded and double-season rice grain yield nitrogen rate nitrogen use efficiency seeding rate

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Differential Responses of Water Uptake Pathways and Expression of Two Aquaporin Genes to Water-Deficit in Rice Seedlings of Two Genotypes

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Rice science 2017年第4期24卷 187-197页

作者： XUAi-hua CUIKe-hui WANGWen-cheng WANGZhen-mei HUANG Jian-liang NIE Li-xiao LI Yong peng shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry Jingzhou 434023China

Water-deficit （WD） is a major abiotic stress constraining crop productivity worldwide. Zhenshan 97 is a drought-susceptible rice genotype, while IRAT109 is a drought-resistant one. However, the physiological basis of the difference remains unclear. These two genotypes had similar total water uptake rates under both WD and well-watered （WW） conditions, and their water uptake rates under WD were significantly decreased compared with those under WW. However, the water uptake rate via the cell-to-cell pathway was significantly increased in Zhenshan 97 but decreased in IRAT109 under WD, whereas the opposite trends were observed through the apoplastic pathway. These results indicated that the stress responses and relative contributions of these two water uptake pathways were associated with rice genotype under WD. The expression levels of OsPIP2;4 and OsPIP2;5 genes were significantly higher in roots of Zhenshan 97 than in IRAT109 under the two conditions. OsPIP2;4 expression in roots was significantly up-regulated under WD, while OsPIP2;5 expression showed no significant change. These results suggest that the expression levels of OsPIP2;4 and OsPIP2;5 in rice are dependent on genotype and water availability. Compared with Zhenshan 97, IRAT109 had a higher root dry weight, water uptake rate and xylem sap flow rate, and lower leaf water potential and root porosity under WD, which might be responsible for the drought resistance in IRAT109.

关键词： aquaporin expression OsPIP2 4 OsPIP2 5 rice root porosity water-deficit water uptake pathway

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Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in the rice ratooning system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 80-91页

作者： ZHENG Chang WANG Yue-chao XU Wen-ba YANG De-sheng YANG Guo-dong YANG Chen HUANG Jian-liang peng shao-bing National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/MARA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many ***,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon *** conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County,Hubei Province,Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops,and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon *** BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost,second outermost,and third outermost rows in each plot of both *** determine the contribution of BE between the two crops,portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon ***,the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon *** the main crop,the BE on grain yield was 98.3%in the outermost row,which was explained by the BE on panicles m^(–2),spikelets/panicle,spikelets m^(–2),and total dry *** the ratoon crop,the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6%with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop,***,55.1%of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main *** stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon *** results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.

关键词： border effect grain yield non-structural carbohydrate ratoon rice

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Effect of Exogenous Ammonium on GlutamineSynthetase, Glutamate Synthase, and Glutamate Dehydrogenase in the Root of Rice Seedling

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 1999年第3期4卷 358-362页

作者： Li Ze-song Zhang Chu-fu Lin Qing-hua peng Jin Li Chang-jian He Guang-cun peng shao-bing John Bennett College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China International Rice Research Institute Makati City Philippines

Root biomass of rice seedlings was increased at lower concentration of exogenous NH 4 + , but it was decreased at higher concentration of exogenous NH 4 + . The level of free NH 4 + in the roots was accumulated gradually with the increase of NH 4 + concentration in the nutrient solution. The content of the soluble proteins was essentially constant at higher NH 4 + . The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) were risen with exogenous NH 4 + concentration at the lower NH 4 + concentration range. But the activities of GS and NADH-GOGAT were declined, and the level of NADH-GDH activity was kept constant under higher NH 4 + concentration. The GS/GDH ratio suggested that NH 4 + was assimilated by GS-GOGAT cycle under lower NH 4 + concentration, but NADH-GDH was more important for NH 4 + assimilation and detoxifying NH 4 + to the tissue cells at the higher NH 4 + level. According to the growth and the activity changes of these ammonium-assimilating enzymes of rice seedling roots, 10. 0 μg/mL NH 4 + -N in nutrient solution was more suitable to the rice growth.

关键词： ammonium glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase glutamate dehydrogenase rice root

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