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Simulating rise and fall cycles of Vietnam empires

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Fundamental Research 2023年第3期3卷 442-458页

作者： Peng Lu Dianhan Chen Bo Li Department of Sociology Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Department of Artificial Intelligence Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China PKU-Wuhan Institute for Artificial Intelligence Wuhan 100080China School of Economics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute for Artificial Intelligence Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The life cycle pattern of empires is pervasive worldwide,and this is caused by multiple factors.In the history of Vietnam,there are totally about ten empires or dynasties,which have aggregately lasted for more than one thousand years.Here,we apply the life cycle model and agent-based modeling to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the life cycle pattern for Vietnam empires.Macroscopically,the man-land relationship greatly shapes the life cycle pattern of traditional agricultural empires.The balancing process between land and population is critical for the empires.The relationship between incomes and costs has determined the actions or strategies of the social members or individuals.It suggests that our optimal solutions and simulations have perfectly matched the real history of Vietnam.Under three optimal solutions,the distributions of simulated and real empire durations in history can be well-matched,in terms of both discrete(histogram)and continuous forms(kernel density).It indicates that the history of human society is a dynamic process,which is determined by certain evolutionary rules and regulations.Therefore,we are able to back-calculate,simulate,and even predict the future of empires or countries.

关键词： Life cycle model Rise and fall Vietnam Empires Agent-based model

An artificial-neural-network-based surrogate modeling workflow for reactive transport modeling

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Petroleum Research 2022年第1期7卷 13-20页

作者： Yupeng Li Peng Lu Guoyin Zhang Beijing Research Center of EXPEC Advanced Research Center Aramco AsiaBeijingChina EXPEC Advanced Research Center Saudi AramcoDhahranSaudi Arabia China University of Petroleum QingdaoChina

Process-based reactive transport modeling(RTM)integrates thermodynamic and kinetically controlled fluid-rock interactions with fluid flow through porous media in the subsurface and surface environment.RTM is usually conducted through numerical programs based on the first principle of physical processes.However,the calculation for complex chemical reactions in most available programs is an iterative process,where each iteration is in general computationally intensive.A workflow of neural networkbased surrogate model as a proxy for process-based reactive transport simulation is established in this study.The workflow includes(1)base case RTM design,(2)development of training experiments,(3)surrogate model construction based on machine learning,(4)surrogate model validation,and(5)prediction with the calibrated model.The training experiments for surrogate modeling are generated and run prior to the predictions using RTM.The results show that the predictions from the surrogate model agree well with those from processes-based RTM but with a significantly reduced computational time.The well-trained surrogate model is especially useful when a large number of realizations are required,such as the sensitivity analysis or model calibration,which can significantly reduce the computational time compared to that required by RTM.The benefits are(1)it automatizes the experimental design during the sensitivity analysis to get sufficient numbers and coverage of the training cases;(2)it parallelizes the calculations of RTM training cases during the sensitivity analysis to reduce the simulation time;(3)it uses the neural network algorithm to rank the sensitivity of the parameters and to search the optimal solution for model calibration.

关键词： Reactive transport modeling Surrogate model Machine learning Dolomitization Carbonate reservoir

Geochemical modeling to aid experimental design for multiple isotope tracer studies of coupled dissolution and precipitation reaction kinetics

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 1-15页

作者： Mingkun Chen Peng Lu Yongchen Song Chen Zhu Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA School of Energy and Power Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China EXPEC Advanced Research Center Saudi Aramco31311 DhahranSaudi Arabia

It is a challenge to make thorough but efficient experimental designs for the coupled mineral dissolution and precipitation studies in a multi-mineral system, because it is difficult to speculate the best experimental duration, optimal sampling schedule, effects of different experimental conditions, and how to maximize the experimental outputs prior to the actual experiments. Geochemical modeling is an efficient and effective tool to assist the experimental design by virtually running all scenarios of interest for the studied system and predicting the experimental outcomes. Here we demonstrated an example of geochemical modeling assisted experimental design of coupled labradorite dissolution and calcite and clayey mineral precipitation using multiple isotope tracers. In this study, labradorite(plagioclase) was chosen as the reactant because it is both a major component and one of the most reactive minerals in basalt. Following our isotope doping studies of single minerals in the last ten years, initial solutions in the simulations were doped withmultiple isotopes(e.g., Ca and Si). Geochemical modeling results show that the use of isotope tracers gives us orders of magnitude more sensitivity than the conventional method based on concentrations and allows us to decouple dissolution and precipitation reactions at near-equilibrium condition. The simulations suggest that the precise unidirectional dissolution rates can inform us which rate laws plagioclase dissolution has followed. Calcite precipitation occurred at near-equilibrium and the multiple isotope tracer experiments would provide near-equilibrium precipitation rates, which was a challenge for the conventional concentration-based experiments. In addition, whether the precipitation of clayey phases is the rate-limiting step in some multi-mineral systems will be revealed. Overall, the modeling results of multimineral reaction kinetics will improve the understanding of the coupled dissolution–precipitation in the multi-mineral systems and the quality of geochemic

关键词： Kinetics Feldspar Isotope doping Near-equilibrium CO_(2)sequestration Basalt

Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Coughing Reflex

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第12期39卷 1823-1839页

作者： Haicheng lu peng Cao National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing102206China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing102206China

Breathing is an intrinsic natural behavior and physiological process that maintains life.The rhythmic exchange of gases regulates the delicate balance of chemical constituents within an organism throughout its lifespan.However,chronic airway diseases,including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,affect millions of people worldwide.Pathological airway conditions can disrupt respiration,causing asphyxia,cardiac arrest,and potential death.The innervation of the respiratory tract and the action of the immune system confer robust airway surveillance and protection against environmental irritants and pathogens.However,aberrant activation of the immune system or sensitization of the nervous system can contribute to the development of autoimmune airway disorders.Transient receptor potential ion channels and voltage-gated Na+channels play critical roles in sensing noxious stimuli within the respiratory tract and interacting with the immune system to generate neurogenic inflammation and airway hypersensitivity.Although recent studies have revealed the involvement of nociceptor neurons in airway diseases,the further neural circuitry underlying airway protection remains elusive.Unraveling the mechanism underpinning neural circuit regulation in the airway may provide precise therapeutic strategies and valuable insights into the management of airway diseases.

关键词： Cough Neural circuit Airway disease Transient receptor potential Na+channel Treatment

Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Clinical Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期35卷 381-392页

作者： ZHANG lu lu ZHANG Chi peng Jun Ping NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100176China Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100176China

Infectious diseases are an enormous public health burden and a growing threat to human health worldwide.Emerging or classic recurrent pathogens,or pathogens with resistant traits,challenge our ability to diagnose and control infectious diseases.Nanopore sequencing technology has the potential to enhance our ability to diagnose,interrogate,and track infectious diseases due to the unrestricted read length and system portability.This review focuses on the application of nanopore sequencing technology in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases and includes the following:(i)a brief introduction to nanopore sequencing technology and Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)sequencing platforms;(ii)strategies for nanopore-based sequencing technologies;and(iii)applications of nanopore sequencing technology in monitoring emerging pathogenic microorganisms,molecular detection of clinically relevant drug-resistance genes,and characterization of disease-related microbial communities.Finally,we discuss the current challenges,potential opportunities,and future outlook for applying nanopore sequencing technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

关键词： Nanopore sequencing Infectious diseases Pathogen Oxford Nanopore Technologies

Salvianolic acid B dry powder inhaler for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022年第3期17卷 447-461页

作者： Peng Lu Jiawei Li Chuanxin Liu Jian Yang Hui peng Zhifeng Xue Zhidong Liu State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique Ministry of EducationTianjin 301617China Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617China College of Chinese Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin 301617China Department of Pharmacy Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineSuzhouJiangsu 215009China Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Center The First Affiliated Hospitaland College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyMedical Key Laboratory of Hereditary Rare Diseases of HenanLuoyang Sub-center of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesLuoyangHenan 471003China.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a serious and fatal pulmonary inflammatory disease with an increasing incidenceworldwide.The drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone,are listed as conditionally recommended drugs in the“Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis”.However,these two drugs have many adverse reactions in clinical application.Salvianolic acid B(Sal B),a water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza,could alleviate bleomycin-induced peroxidative stress damage,and prevent or delay the onset of IPF by regulating inflammatory factors and fibrotic cytokines during the disease’s progression.However,Sal B is poorly absorbed orally,and patient compliance is poor when administered intravenously.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find a new non-injection route of drug delivery.In this study,Sal B was used as model drug and l-leucine(LL)as excipient to prepare Sal B dry powder inhaler(Sal B-DPI)by spray drying method.Modern preparation evaluation methods were used to assess the quality of Sal B-DPI.Sal B-DPI is promising for the treatment of IPF,according to studies on pulmonary irritation evaluation,in vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamics,metabolomics,pharmacokinetics,and lung tissue distribution.

关键词： Salvianolic acid B Dry powder inhaler Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Pulmonary administration

An automatic isotropic/anisotropic hybrid grid generation technique for viscous flow simulations based on an artificial neural network

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第4期35卷 102-117页

作者： Peng Lu Nianhua WANG Xinghua CHANG Laiping ZHANG Yadong WU School of Information Engineering Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010China School of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Chongqing University of Arts and ScienceChongqing 402160China Stake Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang 621000China Unmanned Systems Research Center National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijing 100071China School of Computer Science and Technology Sichuan University of Science&EngineeringYibin 644005China

Based on the author’s previous research, a novel hybrid grid generation technique is developed by introducing an Artificial Neural Network(ANN) approach for realistic viscous flow simulations. An initial hybrid grid over a typical geometry with anisotropic quadrilaterals in the boundary layer and isotropic triangles in the off-body region is generated by the classical mesh generation method to train two ANNs on how to predict the advancing direction of the new point and to control the grid size. After inputting the initial discretized fronts, the ANN-based Advancing Layer Method(ALM) is adopted to generate the anisotropic quadrilaterals in boundary layers. When the high aspect ratio of the anisotropic grid reaches a specified value, the ANN-based Advancing Front Method(AFM) is adopted to generate isotropic triangles in the off-body computational domain.The initial isotropic triangles are smoothed to further improve the grid quality. Three typical cases are tested and compared with experimental data to validate the effectiveness of grids generated by the ANN-based hybrid grid generation method. The experimental results show that the two ANNs can predict the advancing direction and the grid size very well, and improve the adaptability of the isotropic/anisotropic hybrid grid generation for viscous flow simulations.

关键词： Advancing front method Advancing layer method Anisotropic quadrilateral grid generation Artificial neural network Isotropic triangular grid generation Machine learning

Coverage control for mobile sensor networks with unknown terrain roughness and nonuniform time-varying communication delays

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 80-93页

作者： peng WANG Cheng SONG lu LIU Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology City University of Hong Kong Chengdu Research Institute

This paper investigates the coverage control problem on a circle with unknown terrain roughness and nonuniform time-varying communication delays. Adaptive coverage control laws are proposed for mobile sensors to collaboratively estimate the unknown roughness function using the basis function approximation approach. Moreover, contrary to existing studies, nonuniform time-varying communication delays are considered in this paper. Under the proposed adaptive coverage control laws, the sensor network can be driven to its optimal configuration minimizing the coverage cost function in the presence of nonuniform communication delays, and each sensor can learn the true roughness function. Finally, a simulation example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.

关键词： multi-agent systems cooperative control adaptive control cost function time-varying communication delays

Sedimentary record of a late Holocene storm event in Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,China

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第3期41卷 909-920页

作者： Zhenqiao LIU Liang ZHOU Shu GAO Longjiang MAO Peng Lu State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200046China Marine Geological Institute of Hainan Province Haikou 570100China School of Geography Geomaticsand PlanningJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Sciences&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geography Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450052China

The Bohai Sea is influenced by numerous extreme oceanic wave events in history.However,it is often difficult to determine the types of these events due to the lack of detailed historical records,causing uncertainty in the reconstruction of historical coastal disasters.We investigated an anomalous sand layer in the Xiliyu Village by the coast of Laizhou Bay,Shandong,from which an extreme event deposit was identified using a multi-proxy approach including grain size distribution,geochemistry,and magnetic susceptibility.This event was dated 2700–3100 a bp,and caused inundation of a large coastal area of Laizhou Bay.By comparing historical records with instrumental data,we believe that the event deposit was generated by a severe storm surge with wind speed of>34.9 m/s.

关键词： event layer storm surge deposit multiple proxy analysis winter storms Laizhou Bay