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Effect of colouring green stage zirconia on the adhesion of veneering ceramics with different thermal expansion coefficients

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第4期5卷 236-241页

作者： Guliz Aktas Erdal Sahin pekka vallittu Mutlu zcan Lippo Lassila Department of Prosthodontics Faculty of DentistryHacettepe University Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre University of Turku Dental Materials Unit Center for Dental and Oral MedicineClinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials ScienceUniversity of Zrich

This study evaluated the adhesion of zirconia core ceramics with their corresponding veneering ceramics, having different thermal expansion coefficients （TECs）, when zirconia ceramics were coloured at green stage. Zirconia blocks （N=240; 6 mm x 7 mm x 7 mm） were manufactured from two materials namely, ICE Zirconia （Group 1） and Prettau Zirconia （Group 2）. In their green stage, they were randomly divided into two groups. Half of the specimens were coloured with colouring liquid （shade A2）, Three different veneering ceramics with different TEC （ICE Ceramic, GC Initial Zr and IPS e.max Ceram） were fired on both coloured and non-coloured zirconia cores. Specimens of high noble alloys （Esteticor Plus） veneered with ceramic （VM 13）（n= 16） acted as the control group. Core-veneer interface of the specimens were subjected to shear force in the Universal Testing Machine （0.5 mm-min-1）. Neither the zirconia core material （P=0.318） nor colouring （P=0.188） significantly affected the results （three-way analysis of variance, Tukey＇s test）. But the results were significantly affected by the veneering ceramic （P=0.000）. Control group exhibited significantly higher mean bond strength values （45.7__.8） MPa than all other tested groups （（27.1__.4.1）-（39.7__.4.7） and （27.4__.5.6）-（35.9___4.7） MPa with and without colouring, respectively）（P^0.001）. While in zirconia-veneer test groups, predominantly mixed type of failures were observed with the veneering ceramic covering ~ 1/3 of the substrate surface, in the metal-ceramic group, veneering ceramic was left adhered 1/3 of the metal surface. Colouring zirconia did not impair adhesion of veneering ceramic, but veneering ceramic had a significant influence on the core-veneer adhesion. Metal-ceramic adhesion was more reliable than all zirconia-veneer ceramics tested.

关键词： adhesion bond strength colouring~ thermal expansion coefficient zirconia

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椅旁纤维强化复合树脂的临时局部固定义齿可替换制作方法

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中国口腔医学继续教育杂志 2012年第4期15卷 215-218页

作者： Ahmed Ballo pekka vallittu 张耀坤(译) 邵龙泉(审) 南方医科大学口腔医学院广州市广州大道北1838号 510515

使用直接或椅旁技术制作纤维强化复合树脂（FRC）的临时局部固定义齿．需要较高的临床技术。修复缺失牙对临床医师来说是一种挑战，尤其是制作卫生桥。本文描述的是一种简便的椅旁制作纤维强化复合树脂（FRC）固定义齿修复方法。以透明... 详细信息

使用直接或椅旁技术制作纤维强化复合树脂（FRC）的临时局部固定义齿．需要较高的临床技术。修复缺失牙对临床医师来说是一种挑战，尤其是制作卫生桥。本文描述的是一种简便的椅旁制作纤维强化复合树脂（FRC）固定义齿修复方法。以透明模型为引导．确保恢复正确的解剖结构和功能。

关键词：局部固定义齿复合树脂纤维强化制作临床技术临床医师解剖结构缺失牙

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Sub-Terahertz Channel Sounder: Review and Future Challenges

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China Communications 2023年第6期20卷 26-48页

作者： Yejian Lyu pekka Kyosti Wei Fan Deparment of Electronic Systems Aalborg UniversityAalborg Ost 9220Denmark Center for Wireless Communication-Radio Technology(CWC-RT) Oulu UniversityOulu 90570Finland Keysight Technologies Finland Oy Oulu 90630Finland

Due to the large amount of unused and unexplored spectrum resources, the so-called subTerahertz(sub-THz) frequency bands from 100 to 300 GHz are seen as promising bands for the next generation of wireless communication systems. Channel modeling at sub-THz bands is essential for the design and deployment of future wireless communication systems. Channel measurement is a widely adopted method to obtain channel characteristics and establish mathematical channel models. Channel measurements depend on the design and construction of channel sounders. Thus, reliable channel sounding techniques and accurate channel measurements are required. In this paper, the requirements of an ideal channel sounder are discussed and the main channel sounding techniques are described for the subTHz frequency bands. The state-of-the-art sub-THz channel sounders reported in the literature and respective channel measurements are presented. Moreover, a vector network analyzer(VNA) based channel sounder, which supports frequency bands from 220 to330 GHz is presented and its performance capability and limitation are evaluated. This paper also discussed the challenge and future outlook of the sub-THz channel sounders and measurements.

关键词： radio propagation beyond 5G communication sub-terahertz channel sounding techniques

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校园城市村落芬兰埃斯波

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世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 104-105页

作者： Juho Grönholm Antti Nousjoki Janne Teräsvirta Samuli Woolston Willem Barendregt Vladimir Ilic Julius Kekoni Auvo Lindroos Aleksi Niemeläinen pekka Sivula pekka Tainio Jussi Vuori Haley Zhou ErikaÖsterlund ALA建筑师事务所

ALA建筑师事务所在阿尔托大学的2015校园国际设计竞赛中提出了“大型联合建筑群——活动孵化器”的理念。他们的目标是连接现有的结构和项目,创建一个新的区域热点,一个充满街道生活气息的城市集中区,促进创造力的展示。

关键词：建筑师事务所国际设计竞赛孵化器创造力生活气息阿尔托大学校园集中区

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阶梯停车场芬兰郝尔辛基

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世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 117-119页

作者： uho Grönholm Antti Nousjoki Samuli Woolston pekka Tainio Tuulikki Tanska Rachel Murray Anssi Luodemäki Harri Humppi Tuomas Uusheimo(摄影) Marc Goodwin(摄影) ALA建筑师事务所不详

新的五角形、五层高的Saukonlaituri停车设施包括六条流线,可停放600辆私家车,中央庭院被布满巨石、苔藓和蕨类植物的景观环绕。其中五个停车场有顶棚,第六个停车场位于屋顶。庭院具有双重功能:它既是一个采光井,阳光可通过庭院照射到... 详细信息

新的五角形、五层高的Saukonlaituri停车设施包括六条流线,可停放600辆私家车,中央庭院被布满巨石、苔藓和蕨类植物的景观环绕。其中五个停车场有顶棚,第六个停车场位于屋顶。庭院具有双重功能:它既是一个采光井,阳光可通过庭院照射到较低的停车场,又是雨水蓄水池和积雪堆积地。建筑的南侧从入口广场后退,将地面公共空间延伸为阶梯式公园,一直延伸到屋顶。这种解决方案使周围公寓楼的居民可以沿着阶梯走到正确的楼层取车,而不是乘坐电梯。阶梯区域也可以用于野餐和日光浴。

关键词：入口广场空间延伸采光井停车设施公寓楼停车场阶梯式电梯

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The Participation Experiences of Chinese Teacher Trainees and Their Finnish Teacher Trainer on an In-Service Teacher Training Program Exported From Finland to China

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ECNU Review of Education 2023年第3期6卷 385-409页

作者：彭素豪 Ritva Kantelinen pekka Räihä University of Eastern Finland Tampere University

Purpose:This paper aims to examine the participation experiences of a sample of Chinese teacher trainees and their Finnish teacher trainer on an in-service teacher training program exported from Finland to Beijing,China.Design/Approach/Methods:Six science teachers from Beijing and their Finnish teacher trainer participated in semi-structured interviews.From the ideological perspective of international education,a total of eight semi-structured interviews were analyzed through qualitative content analysis.Findings:The results show that all interviewees were highly motivated to learn from the Other's education system and culture.Some participants benefited from a broader understanding of the Self's and the Other's education systems,while others did not.The interviewees also described some participation challenges,such as language barriers and practices that adapted learner-centered teaching approaches in Beijing schools.Furthermore,the interviewees mentioned future expectations of more in-depth communication between Finland and China.Originality/Value:Some recommendations for better training outcomes,improving the quality of participation experiences,and reaching more mutual understandings were discussed at the end of this study.

关键词： Education export in-service teacher training internationalization Sino-Finnish teacher education teacher professional development

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拉彭兰塔城市剧院芬兰拉彭兰塔

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世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 114-116页

作者： Juho Grönholm Antti Nousjoki Janne Teräsvirta Samuli Woolston Harri Ahokas Tiina Liisa Juuti Julius Kekoni Auvo Lindroos Niklas Mahlberg Marlène Oberli-Räihä pekka Sivula Tuomas Uusheimo(摄影) ALA建筑师事务所不详

拉彭兰塔城市剧院的概念与众不同:剧院建在一个购物中心的顶层。然而,这个概念很古老,这也是剧院回归本源、回归市场、回归公众的原因。购物中心每年有数百万客流,这些人可以欣赏各种戏剧,然后在餐厅用餐休息或下榻酒店。门厅采用平静... 详细信息

拉彭兰塔城市剧院的概念与众不同:剧院建在一个购物中心的顶层。然而,这个概念很古老,这也是剧院回归本源、回归市场、回归公众的原因。购物中心每年有数百万客流,这些人可以欣赏各种戏剧,然后在餐厅用餐休息或下榻酒店。门厅采用平静的单色氛围,与购物中心繁忙的明亮色彩形成对比。一块几乎透明的波浪形金属丝网帘将门厅与下方的购物中心分隔开来。楼梯从拱廊通向剧院门厅,观众穿过巨大的白色楼梯后抵达剧院。

关键词：购物中心金属丝网波浪形塔城市楼梯剧院回归

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Does boldness explain vulnerability to angling in Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis？

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 109-115页

作者： Anssi VAINIKKA Ilkka TAMMELA pekka HYVARINEN Department of Biology University of Eastern Finland PO Box 111 FI 80101 Joensuu Finland Natural Resource Institute Finland Manamansalontie 90 88300 Paltamo Finland

Consistent individual differences (CIDs) in behavior are of interest to both basic and applied research, because any selection acting on them could induce evolution of animal behavior. It has been suggested that CIDs in the behavior of fish might explain individual differences in vulnerability to fishing. If so, fishing could impose selection on fish behavior. In this study, we assessed boldness-indicating behaviors of Eurasian perchPerca fluviatilisusing individually conducted experiments measuring the time taken to explore a novel arena containing predator (burbot,Lota lota) cues. We studied if individual differences in boldness would explain vulnerability of individually tagged perch to experimental angling in outdoor ponds, or if fishing would impose selection on boldness-indicating behavior. Perch expressed repeatable individual differences in boldness-indicating behavior but the individual boldness-score (the first principal component) obtained using principal component analysis combining all the measured behavioral responses did not explain vulnerability to experimental angling. Instead, large body size appeared as the only statistically significant predictor of capture probability. Our results suggest that angling is selective for large size, but not always selective for high boldness.

关键词：钓鱼河鲈动物行为主成分分析个体差异实验测量基础研究鱼类行为

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库奥皮奥城市剧院芬兰库奥皮奥

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世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 110-113页

作者： Juho Grönholm Antti Nousjoki Janne Teräsvirta Samuli Woolston Heikki Riitahuhta Toni Laurila pekka Sivula Jyri Tartia Auvo Lindroos Harri Ahokas Petra Grisova Vladimir Ilic Lotta Kindberg Santtu Hyvärinen Gerard Gutierrez Tuomas Uusheimo(摄影) ALA建筑师事务所不详

现在的库奥皮奥城市剧院是建筑师赫尔默•斯丹露丝和Risto-Veikko Luukkonen在20世纪60年代的现代主义建筑。扩建包括一个新的200座演播舞台,具有灵活的座位和舞台机械。新的空间还提供装载和物流、服装生产和存储,以及新舞台的支持功能... 详细信息

现在的库奥皮奥城市剧院是建筑师赫尔默•斯丹露丝和Risto-Veikko Luukkonen在20世纪60年代的现代主义建筑。扩建包括一个新的200座演播舞台,具有灵活的座位和舞台机械。新的空间还提供装载和物流、服装生产和存储,以及新舞台的支持功能。从市中心接近剧院时,唯一可见的变化是4米高的剧院塔楼。主舞台的舞台技术将全面更新,因此必须增加当前塔楼的高度。附加组件可形成一个发光的玻璃灯箱,使旧塔的独特形状易于辨认。

关键词：现代主义建筑主舞台舞台机械服装生产塔楼剧院

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Spatial fading channel emulation for over-the-air testing ofmillimeter-wave radios:concepts and experimental validations

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021年第4期22卷 548-559页

作者： Wei FAN Lassi HENTILA pekka KYOTI Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems(APMS)Section Department of Electronic SystemsAalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Keysight Technologies Finland Oy Oulu 90014Finland Centre for Wireless Communications University of OuluOulu 90014Finland

Millimeter-wave(mmWave)communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation(5G)cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth.To make mmWave new radio(NR)a reality,tremendous efforts have been exerted from the industry and academia.Performance evaluation of mmWave NR is a mandatory step and the key to ensuring the success of mmWave 5G deployment.Over-the-air(OTA)radiated method of testing mmWave NR in laboratory conditions is highly attractive,since it facilitates virtual field testing of mmWave devices in realistic propagation conditions.In this paper,we first discuss the need for and challenges in OTA measurement of mmWave 5G NR under fading channel conditions.After that,two promising candidate solutions,i.e.,wireless cable and multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC),are detailed.Their principles,applicability for mmWave NR,and main challenges are discussed.Furthermore,preliminary experimental validation results in a frequency range 2 anechoic chamber are demonstrated for the wireless cable and MPAC methods at 28 GHz.

关键词： Spatial channel model Over-the-air(OTA)testing Wireless cable method Multi-probe anechoic chamber(MPAC)method FR2 validation

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