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Benchmarking ESSQ Management Systems

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2011年第1期7卷 59-66页

作者： pekka Tervonen Joonas Alapiha Harri Haapasalo Rautaruukki Plc. Finland Gemalto Plc. Finland University of Oulu Finland

This study addresses current status of ESSQ management and integration in steel production organisation. The idea is to benchmark maturity levels with the leading Finnish international companies. The examination has been done in compliance with applied maturity model developed by the target corporation. When examining the benchmarked companies through the ESSQ framework, we found that a similar framework cannot be found in any other company as such; instead, operations are distributed under different organisations. Although many sources criticise system-based development, the results of this study indicate that it is nevertheless an efficient way to develop operations.

关键词： ESSQ management systems enterprise development maturity models

Instantaneous foveated preview for progressive Monte Carlo rendering

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第3期4卷 267-276页

作者： Matias K. Koskela Kalle V. Immonen Timo T. Viitanen pekka O. Jaaskelainen Joonas I. Multanen Jarmo H. Takala Tampere University of Technology Tampere 33720Finland.

Progressive rendering, for example Monte Carlo rendering of 360° content for virtual reality headsets, is a time-consuming task. If the 3D artist notices an error while previewing the rendering, they must return to editing mode, make the required changes, and restart rendering. We propose the use of eye-tracking-based optimization to significantly speed up previewing of the artist＇s points of interest. The speed of the preview is further improved by sampling with a distribution that closely follows the experimentally measured visual acuity of the human eye, unlike the piecewise linear models used in previous work. In a comprehensive user study, the perceived eonvergence of our proposed method was 10 times faster than that of a conventional preview, and often appeared to be instantaneous. In addition, the participants rated the method to have only marginally more artifacts in areas where it had to start rendering from scratch, compared to conventional rendering methods that had already generated image content in those areas.

关键词： foveated rendering progressive renderingMonte Carlo rendering preview 360°content

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Quaternary of Norden

Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 73-81页

作者： Barbara Wohlfarth Svante Bjoerck Svend Funder Michael Houmark-Nielsen Olafurlngolfsson Juha-pekka Lunkka Jan Mangerud Matti Saarnisto Tore Vorren Department of Geology and Geochemistry Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden. GeoBiosphere Science Centre Quaternary Sciences Soelvegatan 12 SE-223 62 Lund Sweden. Geological Museum University of Copenhagen Фster Voldgade 5-7 DK-1350 Copenhagen K Denmark. Institute of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Фstervoldgade 10 Dk-1350 KФbenhavn K Denmark. Department of Geology University of Iceland Askja ls-101 Reykjavfk Iceland. Institute of Geosciences P.O. Box 3000 FI-90014 University of Oulu Finland. Department of Earth Science and the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research University of Bergen Allegatan 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway. Finnish Academy of Science and Letters Mariankatu 5 FI-00170 Helsinki Finland. Department of Geology University of TromsФ Dramsveien 201 N-9037 TromsФ Norway.

The Nordic countries have experienced multiple glaciations and intervening interglacials during the last ca. 2.5-3 million years. Although evidence from Greenland and Iceland shows that ice sheets started to expand some time before 3 Ma, little is known about the glaciations and intervening interglacials older than the last Glacial Maximum due to repeated phases of glacial erosion and reworking. The extensive Saalian glaciation （c. 140 ka BP） contributed to high sea levels in Greenland and in the Baltic area during the early part of the last interglacial （Eemian）. Temperatures were about 5 ℃ higher during the Eemian than they are today and the Greenland ice sheet was reduced to about half of its present size, causing globally higher sea levels than we have today. Ice extent in Fennoscandia was restricted during early Weichselian stadials, but middle Weichselian ice advances in Scandinavia reached as far as Denmark. During the Last Glacial Maximum, large ice sheets were present in all Nordic countries and coalesced with neighboring ice sheets. Deglaciation commenced around 17-15 ka BP in most areas and was promoted by rapidly rising global sea level and glacial isostasy. The Younger Dryas cold event（c. 12.6-11.5 ka BP） is seen as a short-term re-advance, still-stand or fluctuation of land-based ice sheet margins. Around 7-9 ka BP ice sheets had disappeared or had attained their present size. While uplift is still going on in some regions, others are subject to submergence. The different stages of development of the Baltic Sea are an example of how the intricare interplay between glacial eustasy and isostasy influences sedimentation, basin size and drainage patterns.

关键词：冰川时代北欧地区第四纪间冰期

Development of a Bikeability Index to Assess the Bicycle-Friendliness of Urban Environments

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2015年第4期5卷 451-459页

作者： Patricia Jasmin Krenn pekka Oja Sylvia Titze Institute of Sport Science University of Graz Graz Austria UKK Institute Tampere Finland

Background: Cycling as a means of transport contributes to public health in terms of increasing the physical activity behaviour and reducing air pollution. In comparison to walking, cycling-spe cific environmental characteristics have been less investigated. The aim of this study was to develop, based on geographic information systems (GIS) data, a bikeability index for a mid-sized European city, to examine the predictive validity of the index and to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of the city by creating a bikeability map. Methods: Using GIS data, we assessed the environmental characteristics of 278 bicycle trips in the city of Graz, Austria. Characteristics which differed significantly between the actually taken and shortest possible routes were used to form an additive bikeability index and the bikeability map for 100 m × 100 m cells. The relationship between the cycling behaviour and the bikeability index around the home environment was examined to assess the predictive validity of the index. Results: Three environmental components (cycling infrastructure, bicycle pathways and green areas) were positively related, and two components (main roads, and topography) were negatively related to the actually used route. These components formed the bikeability index, which was positively correlated with cycling behaviour (OR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.17). The final outcome is a high-resolution coloured map indicating the degree of bicycle-friendliness in the city of Graz. Conclusion: Mapping based on the bikeability index helps to visualize the bicycle-friendliness of an urban area. Therefore, it should be a useful tool for the planning as well as for the evaluation of the transport environments in cities.

关键词： Bicycling Environment Map GIS Active Mobility

A Novel Device for Real-Time Monitoring of High Frequency Phenomena in CENELEC PLC Band

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2012年第2期3卷 152-157页

作者： Bashir Ahmed Siddiqui Pertti Pakonen pekka Verho Department of Electrical Energy Engineering Tampere University of Technology Tampere Finland.

This paper proposes the design and development of a novel, portable and low-cost intelligent electronic device (IED) for real-time monitoring of high frequency phenomena in CENELEC PLC band. A high speed floating-point digital signal processor (DSP) along with 4 MSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to develop the intelligent electronic device. An optimized algorithm to process the analog signal in real-time and to extract the meaningful result using signal processing techniques has been implemented on the device. A laboratory environment has setup with all the necessary equipment including the development of the load model to evaluate the performance of the IED. Smart meter and concentrator is also connected to the low voltage (LV) network to monitor the PLC communication using the IED. The device has been tested in the laboratory and it has produced very promising results for time domain as well as frequency domain analysis. Those results imply that the IED is fully capable of monitoring high frequency disturbances in CENELEC PLC band.

关键词： Power Line Communication (PLC) Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) High Frequency (HF) Interference

Sustainable public-private partnerships： Balancing the multi-actor ecosystem and societal requirements

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Frontiers of Engineering Management 2018年第3期5卷 347-356页

作者： pekka Leviakangas Yanbing YE Oluwole Alfred OLATUNJI Technological Research Centre of Finland Ltd. Finland School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Construction Management Discipline Curtin University Australia

The funding gap of public infrastructure networks(roads, railways, ports, electricity, and energy lines)can be solved partly by introducing private capital for investments, i.e., public-private partnerships(PPP). This paper introduces an integrated model of a PPP project and investigates its implications on PPP policies and strategies regarding appropriate project appraisal and selection. The model has different resolution levels, namely, project level,business ecosystem level, and market and societal *** integrated model suggests that investing in merely financially viable projects is insufficient to realize economically and socially sustainable and acceptable projects.

关键词： public-private partnerships (PPP) projectappraisal and selection integrated model socially sustain-able

Endomysial antibodies predict celiac disease irrespective of the titers or clinical presentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第20期18卷 2511-2516页

作者： Kalle Kurppa Tiia Rsnen pekka Collin Sari Iltanen Heini Huhtala Merja Ashorn Pivi Saavalainen Katri Haimila Jukka Partanen Markku Mki Katri Kaukinen Pediatric Research Centre University of Tampere and Tampere University HospitalFin-33014Tampere Finland Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery Tampere University Hospital and School of MedicineUniversity of TampereFin-33014 TampereFinland Tampere School of Public Health University of TampereFin-33014TampereFinland Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program for Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Fin-00014HelsinkiFinland Research and Development Finnish Red Cross Blood ServiceFin-00310HelsinkiFinland

AIM:To investigate the association between serum antibody levels and a subsequent celiac disease diag-nosis in a large series of children and adults. METHODS:Besides subjects with classical gastrointestinal presentation of celiac disease,the study cohort included a substantial number of individuals with extraintestinal symptoms and those found by screening in at-risk *** 405 patients underwent clinical,serological and histological *** collection of data,the antibody values were further graded as low[endomysial(EmA)1:5-200,transglutaminase 2 antibodies(TG2-ab)5.0-30.0 U/L]and high (EmA 1:≥500,TG2-ab≥30.0 U/L),and the serological results were compared with the small intestinal mucosal histology and clinical presentation. RESULTS:In total,79%of the subjects with low and 94%of those with high serum EmA titers showed small-bowel mucosal villous ***, 96%of the 47 EmA positive subjects who had normal mucosal villi and remained on follow-up either subsequently developed mucosal atrophy while on a glutencontaining diet,or responded positively to a glutenfree diet. CONCLUSION:Irrespective of the initial serum titers or clinical presentation,EmA positivity as such is a very strong predictor of a subsequent celiac disease diagnosis.

关键词： Celiac disease Diagnosis Endomysial antibodies Transglutaminase 2 antibodies Clinical presentations

Quality of Life of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Epirubicin and Docetaxel

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 346-351页

作者： Jaana Korpela pekka Mali Anne Kaljonen Eeva Salminen 不详

This phase II study assessed the clinical response and short-term quality of life of patients receiving first-line chemotherapy with epirubicin-docetaxel combination for metastatic breast cancer. Thirty-one breast cancer patients were treated with epirubicin (75 mg/m2 for 15 minutes) followed one hour later by a one-hour infusion of docetaxel (75 mg/m2) q3w. EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-BR23 forms were filled in at baseline, and at the second and eighth cycle of chemotherapy. The combination of epirubicin and docetaxel provided a high degree of clinical benefit. Clinical response was observed in 17 patients (55%), including five (16%) complete responses and 12 (39%) partial responses. Of responding and stable patients 23 (74%) maintained the same status for at least six months (clinical benefit). The mean survival time was 40.8 months. During the treatment the emotional functioning improved and the concerns about the future were relieved. Some aspects of quality of life were impaired, with slightly decreased physical and cognitive functioning, distress related to body image and hair loss, and adverse effects of chemotherapy. Overall, the global quality of life was maintained.

关键词： Metastatic Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Epirubicin Docetaxel Quality of Life

Developing a Framework of the Sourcing Process A Case Study of Finnish Companies With Chinese Suppliers

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Chinese Business Review 2012年第6期11卷 549-563页

作者： Lingyun Wang Matti Muhos Maaria Pennanen pekka Kess University of Oulu Oulu Finland Vacon Plc. Vaasa Finland

The paper analyzes five Finnish case companies to study the sourcing process from China. A framework of a six-stage sourcing process is developed that includes finding and choosing suppliers, making contracts and orders, performing production and quality control, planning logistics, inspecting purchases, and developing supply chain management. Each stage describes the activities from the channels of seeking suppliers to cooperative areas for further development. The case study illustrates the practices of sourcing from China are actually quite similar to the sourcing process in other countries. The study highlights that quality control is the core issue in sourcing from China. Moreover, the difference in understanding sustainable quality affects supplier screening and quality control. Close cooperation on quality control is the key to managing the supply chain to increase competitive advantage through sourcing from China.

关键词： sourcing process Chinese supplier case study