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Endomysial antibodies predict celiac disease irrespective of the titers or clinical presentation

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第20期18卷 2511-2516页

作者： Kalle Kurppa Tiia Rsnen pekka collin Sari Iltanen Heini Huhtala Merja Ashorn Pivi Saavalainen Katri Haimila Jukka Partanen Markku Mki Katri Kaukinen Pediatric Research Centre University of Tampere and Tampere University HospitalFin-33014Tampere Finland Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery Tampere University Hospital and School of MedicineUniversity of TampereFin-33014 TampereFinland Tampere School of Public Health University of TampereFin-33014TampereFinland Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program for Molecular Medicine University of Helsinki Fin-00014HelsinkiFinland Research and Development Finnish Red Cross Blood ServiceFin-00310HelsinkiFinland

AIM:To investigate the association between serum antibody levels and a subsequent celiac disease diag-nosis in a large series of children and adults. METHODS:Besides subjects with classical gastrointestinal presentation of celiac disease,the study cohort included a substantial number of individuals with extraintestinal symptoms and those found by screening in at-risk *** 405 patients underwent clinical,serological and histological *** collection of data,the antibody values were further graded as low[endomysial(EmA)1:5-200,transglutaminase 2 antibodies(TG2-ab)5.0-30.0 U/L]and high (EmA 1:≥500,TG2-ab≥30.0 U/L),and the serological results were compared with the small intestinal mucosal histology and clinical presentation. RESULTS:In total,79%of the subjects with low and 94%of those with high serum EmA titers showed small-bowel mucosal villous ***, 96%of the 47 EmA positive subjects who had normal mucosal villi and remained on follow-up either subsequently developed mucosal atrophy while on a glutencontaining diet,or responded positively to a glutenfree diet. CONCLUSION:Irrespective of the initial serum titers or clinical presentation,EmA positivity as such is a very strong predictor of a subsequent celiac disease diagnosis.

关键词： Celiac disease Diagnosis Endomysial antibodies Transglutaminase 2 antibodies Clinical presentations

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Conformal Composition for Borderline Fractional Sobolev Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2025年第1期41卷 457-471页

作者： Nijjwal Karak pekka Koskela Debanjan Nandi Swadesh Kumar Sahoo Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technoogy and Science Pilani-Hyderabad CampusHyderabad 500078India Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of JyvèaskylèaP.O.Box 35FI-40014 JyvèaskylèaFinland Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science234 Herzl StreetRehovot 76100Israel Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology IndoreIndore 453552India

We establish a pointwise property for homogeneous fractional Sobolev spaces in domains with non-empty boundary,extending a similar result of Koskela–Yang–*** use this to show that a conformal map from the unit disk onto a simply connected planar domain induces a bounded composition operator from the borderline homogeneous fractional Sobolev space of the domain into the corresponding space of the unit disk.

关键词： Besov Hajlasz–Triebel–Lizorkin hyperbolic conformal

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Mappings of Finite Distortion: Formation of Cusps Ⅲ

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第5期26卷 817-824页

作者： pekka KOSKELA Juhani TAKKINEN Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvskyl

We give sharp integrability conditions on the distortion of a planar homeomorphism that maps a standard cusp onto the unit disk.

关键词： cusp finite distortion planar homeomorphism

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Sprayformed Hot Work Steels for Rapid Tooling

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第z1期19卷 169-172页

作者： Yunfeng Yang Simo-pekka Hannula VTT Industrial Systems P.O.BOX 1703 FIN-02044 VTT Finland VTT Industrial Systems P.O.BOX 1703 FIN-02044 VTT Finland

The present work compares microstructures of hot work steels made by different processes, that is, by sprayforming,by casting, and a commercially supplied H13 steel. Material benefits are recognized by sprayforming hot working tools such as die inserts for hot forging. The sprayformed hot work steels present a fine and homogeneous microstructure,which implies that, at a similar toughness level, the sprayformed steel can be higher alloyed, so that the thermal fatigue and wear resistance at elevated temperatures can be improved. A series of steels with higher vanadium content than commercial hot work steels are developed. There are no segregation and carbide network problems usually encountered in conventional ingot/forging processed high-vanadium steels. Microstructure and hardness of the new sprayformed steels are studied under different heat treatment conditions. It is justified that these sprayformed steels can be directly used for tooling without high temperature hardening. Sprayforming the tool steels onto a precision ceramic mould is demonstrated to extend the technoeconomical benefits, so that a net shape production tool can be rapidly *** of the rapid tooling process are also discussed.

关键词： Rapid tooling, Sprayforming, Hot working steel, Die insert

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Lebesgue points via the Poincar inequality

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Science China Mathematics 2015年第8期58卷 1697-1706页

作者： KARAK Nijjwal KOSKELA pekka Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvskyl

We show that in a Q-doubling space （X, d, μ）, Q 〉 1, which satisfies a chain condition, if we have a Q-Poincare inequality for a pair of functions （u, g） where g ∈ LQ（X）, then u has Lebesgue points 7-th-a.e. for h（t） = log1-Q-c（1/t）. We also discuss how the existence of Lebesgue points follows for u ∈ W1,Q（x） where （X, d, μ） is a complete Q-doubling space supporting a Q-Poincar; inequality for Q 〉 1.

关键词： Lebesgue point Poincar6 inequality Q-doubling space

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Sub-Terahertz Channel Sounder: Review and Future Challenges

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China Communications 2023年第6期20卷 26-48页

作者： Yejian Lyu pekka Kyosti Wei Fan Deparment of Electronic Systems Aalborg UniversityAalborg Ost 9220Denmark Center for Wireless Communication-Radio Technology(CWC-RT) Oulu UniversityOulu 90570Finland Keysight Technologies Finland Oy Oulu 90630Finland

Due to the large amount of unused and unexplored spectrum resources, the so-called subTerahertz(sub-THz) frequency bands from 100 to 300 GHz are seen as promising bands for the next generation of wireless communication systems. Channel modeling at sub-THz bands is essential for the design and deployment of future wireless communication systems. Channel measurement is a widely adopted method to obtain channel characteristics and establish mathematical channel models. Channel measurements depend on the design and construction of channel sounders. Thus, reliable channel sounding techniques and accurate channel measurements are required. In this paper, the requirements of an ideal channel sounder are discussed and the main channel sounding techniques are described for the subTHz frequency bands. The state-of-the-art sub-THz channel sounders reported in the literature and respective channel measurements are presented. Moreover, a vector network analyzer(VNA) based channel sounder, which supports frequency bands from 220 to330 GHz is presented and its performance capability and limitation are evaluated. This paper also discussed the challenge and future outlook of the sub-THz channel sounders and measurements.

关键词： radio propagation beyond 5G communication sub-terahertz channel sounding techniques

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Traces of weighted function spaces: Dyadic norms and Whitney extensions

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Science China Mathematics 2017年第11期60卷 1981-2010页

作者： KOSKELA pekka SOTO Tomas WANG Zhuang Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvskyl

The trace spaces of Sobolev spaces and related fractional smoothness spaces have been an active area of research since the work of Nikolskii, Aronszajn, Slobodetskii, Babich and Gagliardo among others in the 1950's. In this paper, we review the literature concerning such results for a variety of weighted smoothness spaces. For this purpose, we present a characterization of the trace spaces(of fractional order of smoothness),based on integral averages on dyadic cubes, which is well-adapted to extending functions using the Whitney extension operator.

关键词： trace theorems weighted Sobolev spaces Besov spaces Triebel-Lizorkin spaces

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The challenge of combining variable retention and prescribed burning in Finland

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 46-57页

作者： Henrik Lindberg pekka Punttila Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa Häme University of Applied Sciences Visamäentie 35 A Box 230FI-13101 HämeenlinnaFinland Finnish Environment Institute Latokartanonkaari 11FI-00790 HelsinkiFinland Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 9FI-00790 HelsinkiFinland

Historically,wildfires have played an important role in forest dynamics in *** Finland,the annually burned area has diminished in recent *** has led to a decline of fire-adapted habitat types and species,many of which have become *** Fennoscandia,there is a long tradition of silvicultural burnings to enhance tree ***,prescribed burnings have been modified for biodiversity goals following the recommendations that have emerged from ecological *** biodiversity gains can be obtained by combining sufficient retention levels with ***,burning and retention have been recommended by recent national red-list assessments,strategies,and forest-management guidelines,and they have been adopted in forest-certification standards in *** to these recommendations,the opposite development has taken place:(1)the ecological efficiency of the criterion concerning prescribed burning in the PEFC forestcertification standard has been impaired,(2)state funding to encourage private forest owners to apply prescribed burning was reduced significantly,and(3)prescribed burnings have been abandoned altogether in commercial state-owned *** burnings with variable retention have also been partially replaced with burning of small retention-tree *** new method is less risky and cheaper,but its ecological benefits are questionable because small-sized fires produce much smaller areas of burned forest soil with less fire-affected wood than traditional silvicultural ***,the widely accepted goal to increase burnings with retention appears difficult to achieve and would require stronger political will and economic support from the *** identified several actions that could improve the weakened situation of fire-dependent biodiversity and recommend the following:(1)setting a clear goal and ensuring sufficient funding for the burnings—including restoration burnings in co

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation areas Fire-dependent species Forest certification Red-listed species Restoration burnings

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Electricity demand forecasting at distribution and household levels using explainable causal graph neural network

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 385-395页

作者： Amir Miraki pekka Parviainen Reza Arghandeh Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical SciencesWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesBergenNorway Department of Informatics University of BergenBergenNorway

Forecasting electricity demand is an essential part of the smart grid to ensure a stable and reliable power grid. With the increasing integration of renewable energy resources into the grid, forecasting the demand for electricity is critical at all levels, from the distribution to the household. Most existing forecasting methods, however, can be considered black-box models as a result of deep digitalization enablers, such as deep neural networks, which remain difficult to interpret by humans. Moreover, capture of the inter-dependencies among variables presents a significant challenge for multivariate time series forecasting. In this paper we propose eXplainable Causal Graph Neural Network (X-CGNN) for multivariate electricity demand forecasting that overcomes these limitations. As part of this method, we have intrinsic and global explanations based on causal inferences as well as local explanations based on post-hoc analyses. We have performed extensive validation on two real-world electricity demand datasets from both the household and distribution levels to demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance.

关键词： Causal inference Electricity demand forecasting Explainable artificial intelligence(XAI) Graph neural network

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Indicators and tools for assessing sustainability impacts of the forest bioeconomy

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 103-122页

作者： Jaakko Karvonen Pradipta Halder Jyrki Kangas pekka Leskinen Finnish Environment Institute Yliopistokatu 780100 JoensuuFinland Full list of author information is available at the end of the article University of Eastern Finland Faculty of Science and ForestrySchool of Forest SciencesP.O.Box 11180101 JoensuuFinland

The sustainable use of renewable resources has become an important issue worldwide in the move towards a less fossil-fuel-intensive *** method for fulfilling this aim is to increase the share of renewable energy and materials to substitute fossil fuels and to become fully independent from fossil fuels over the ***, the environmental sustainability of this endeavor has been *** addition,economic and social sustainability issues are also much debated topics in this particular *** resources are often thought to contribute partially to achieving a so-called ＂carbon-neutral society＂.In this review, we discuss sustainability issues of using forest *** present several sustainability indicators for ecological,economic and social dimensions and discuss the issues in applying them in sustainability impact assessments（SIAs）.We also present a number of tools and methods previously used in conducting *** approach our study from the perspective of the Finnish forestry; in addition, various aspects regarding the application of SIAs in a broader context are also *** of the key conclusions of the study is that although sufficient data are available to measure many indicators accurately, the impacts may be very difficult to assess（*** of greenhouse gases on biodiversity） for conducting a holistic ***, some indicators, such as ＂biodiversity＂, are difficult to quantify in the first ***, a mix of different methods, such as Multi-criteria Assessment, Life-cycle Assessment or Cost-Benefit Analysis, as well as different approaches（*** and strong/weak sustainability） are needed in aggregating the results of the *** are important in supporting and improving the acceptability of decision-making, but a certain degree of uncertainty will always have to be tolerated.

关键词： Forest bioeconomy Sustainability Indicators Impact assessment Decision support

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