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Tsunami hazard and mitigation analysis for bathing beaches in China based on numerical simulations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第12期41卷 27-37页

作者： Jingming Hou Wei Lu Tingting Fan peitao wang National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

Bathing beaches are usually the first to suffer disasters when tsunamis occur,owing to their proximity to the *** large seismic fault zones are located off the coast of *** impact of each tsunami scenario on Chinese bathing beaches is *** this study,numerical models of the worst tsunami scenarios associated with seismic fault zones were considered to assess the tsunami hazard of bathing beaches in *** results show that tsunami waves from the Pacific Ocean could affect the East China Sea coast through gaps between the Ryukyu *** Zhejiang and Shanghai coasts would be threatened by a tsunami from Ryukyu Trench,and the coasts of Hainan and Guangdong provinces would be threatened by a tsunami from the Manila *** tsunami hazard associated with the Philippine Trench scenario needs particular *** to China’s offshore topography,the sequential order of tsunami arrival times to coastal provinces in several tsunami scenarios is almost the *** to the tsunami hazard analysis results,Yalongwan Beach and eight other bathing beaches are at the highest hazard level.A high-resolution numerical calculation model was established to analyze the tsunami physical characteristics for the high-risk bathing *** explore mitigating effects of a tsunami disaster,this study simulated tsunami propagation with the addition of *** experimental results show that the tsunami prevention seawalls constructed in an appropriate shallow water location have some effect on reducing tsunami *** separated by a certain distance work even *** analysis results can provide a scientific reference for subsequent preventive measures such as facility construction and evacuation.

关键词： tsunami bathing beach hazard mitigation

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主溜井贮矿段静态及动态井壁侧压力分布特征

矿业研究与开发 2024年第5期44卷 59-65页

作者：付吉顺郑树衡马驰王艺郭国龙王培涛陈天奎金诚信矿业管理股份有限公司北京101500 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院北京100083 海南矿业股份有限公司海南昌江市572700

为了解溜井井壁在储矿、卸矿两种状态下的侧压力分布特征及差异,以海南石碌铁矿2^(#)主溜井为研究对象,基于Janssen公式建立了井壁压力与标高的关系,同步建立了溜井动态、静态压力监测平台,模拟溜井贮矿段储料及放矿过程,监测压力变化特... 详细信息

为了解溜井井壁在储矿、卸矿两种状态下的侧压力分布特征及差异,以海南石碌铁矿2^(#)主溜井为研究对象,基于Janssen公式建立了井壁压力与标高的关系,同步建立了溜井动态、静态压力监测平台,模拟溜井贮矿段储料及放矿过程,监测压力变化特征,分析了静态及动态压力分布及差异,讨论了Janssen公式应用的局限性及问题,并结合研究结果提出了关键性建议。结果表明:随着测量高度的增加,井壁静态侧压力逐渐减小,动态压力值大于静态压力,动态井壁侧压力呈先增加后减小的趋势,在测点高度为1.26 m时达到峰值为16.289 kPa,储料面附近最小,为3.073 kPa。“超压现象”造成了动、静压力之间的显著差异性。Janssen公式基本能够描述井壁静态侧压力与测量标高的关系,但存在一定的局限性,源于卸矿冲击夯实作用、上覆矿岩压实作用、底部结构及矿岩压力等,这些因素造成储料内部压力、容重等参数小范围动态变化,造成Janssen公式模型产生计算误差。此外,在使用Janssen公式计算动态压力值时,应注意超压系数是一个与测点高度相关的动态值;提出标高为22~26 m范围使用内套钢板混凝土井壁修复方式、储料高度应在30 m以上、控制矿岩块度、匀速卸矿等工程管理建议,以确保2^(#)主溜井贮矿段长期稳定运行。研究结果对溜井井壁磨损评估具有一定的理论意义,同时有助于保障溜井矿岩运输连续性,提高溜井使用寿命。

关键词：溜井贮矿段井壁侧压力 Janssen公式物理试验

Interaction between in situ stress states and tectonic faults:A comment

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第7期30卷 1227-1243页

作者： Peng Li Meifeng Cai Mostafa Gorjian Fenhua Ren Xun Xi peitao wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines(Ministry of Education of China) University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Geological Engineering Department of EarthOcean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Understanding the in situ stress state is crucial in many engineering problems and earth science *** present article presents new insights into the interaction mechanism between the stress state and *** situ stresses can be influenced by various factors,one of the most important being the existence of faults.A fault could significantly affect the value and direction of the stress *** and magnitude changes in stresses exist adjacent to faults and stress jumps/discontinuities across the *** contrast,the change in the stress state may lead to the transformation of faulting type and potential fault *** fault reactivation assessment using characteristic parameters under the current stress environment provides a method to assess the slip tendency of *** correlation between in situ stresses and fault properties enhances the ability to predict the fault slip tendency via stress measurements,which can be used to further refine the assessment of the fault reactivation *** the future,stress measurements at greater depths and long-term continuous real-time stress monitoring near/on key parts of faults will be *** addition,much attention needs to be paid to distinguishing the genetic mechanisms of abnormal stress states and the type and scale of stress variations and exploring the mechanisms of pre-faulting anomaly and fault reactivation.

关键词： in situ stress state stress variation fault reactivation fault properties interaction mechanism

How did the Tonga volcanic tsunami on January 15,2022,affect Chinese coasts?

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第5期66卷 1038-1046页

作者： Zongchen wang Zhiguo XU Ye YUAN Huaiwei YANG Lining SUN peitao wang Tingting FAN National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources(National Tsunami Warning CenterMinistry of Natural Resources)Beijing100081China Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting National Marine Environmental Forecasting CenterMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing100081China

At 12:15 on January 15,2022(Beijing time),a massive eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano produced violent atmospheric fluctuations,which in turn generated a global tsunami through an abrupt air pressure shock upon the sea *** main components of tsunami waves,phase-locked waves and free gravity waves,were identified by significant differences in propagating speeds across the deep *** phase-locked wave propagated through the ocean basin synchronously with the atmospheric Lamb wave at an average speed of approximately 306 m/s,followed by the free gravity wave at a slower *** locked wave reached the coast of eastern Taiwan Island at about 20:00 on January 15,in coincidence with the Lamb wave ***,on the coast of Chinese mainland,tidal gauges did not record tsunami signals until at least 2 h after the Lamb wave *** analyses and numerical experiments both suggested that as a result of the incoming wave shoaling above the vast continental shelf of Chinese mainland,the locked wave was no longer trapped by the air pressure shock and gradually transformed into freely-propagating shallow water waves by slowing down its *** to the longlasting planetary atmospheric fluctuations circling the earth many times,the sea level oscillations continuously propagated onto the Chinese shelf,which resulted in the tsunami waves excited along the Chinese coasts for at least 36 *** maximum wave amplitude recorded on the coast of eastern Taiwan Island was 44 cm at Wushi,while on the coasts of eastern and southern Chinese mainland,the maximum amplitudes were 22 cm at Shipu and 13 cm at *** and wavelet analyses were performed to identify the major components of the tsunami waves on the Chinese *** results indicated that eastern Taiwan Island was impacted mainly by the waves with periods of approximately 10-40 *** mainland was hit by the evolved shallow water waves and subsequent free waves,with pe

关键词： Volcanic tsunami Atmospheric Lamb wave Phase-locked-wave Free gravity wave Shallow water wave

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河北省海啸灾害风险评估和区划研究

海洋预报 2024年第1期41卷 50-60页

作者：王平左丽明孙立宁席明硕王培涛赵亚娟河北省水文工程地质勘查院河北石家庄050021 国家海洋环境预报中心北京100081

基于康奈尔多电网耦合海啸模型(COMCOT)数值模式建立研究区海啸数值模型,利用模型对6个地震海啸源情景场进行模拟计算,通过对各海啸源下数值模拟结果的综合分析,确定研究区海啸灾害危险性分布;根据土地利用类型数据资料确定研究区承灾... 详细信息

基于康奈尔多电网耦合海啸模型(COMCOT)数值模式建立研究区海啸数值模型,利用模型对6个地震海啸源情景场进行模拟计算,通过对各海啸源下数值模拟结果的综合分析,确定研究区海啸灾害危险性分布;根据土地利用类型数据资料确定研究区承灾体脆弱性分布;通过危险性、脆弱性评估成果,综合确定研究区海啸灾害风险性评估和区划成果。结果表明:河北省遭受海啸灾害风险最高等级为Ⅱ级,主要分布在唐山市和秦皇岛市沿海区域;沧州市沿海区域海啸灾害风险等级较小,为Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级。

关键词： COMCOT数值模式海啸灾害危险性脆弱性风险评估河北省

Development of an improved three-dimensional rough discrete fracture network model:Method and application

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第12期33卷 1469-1485页

作者： peitao wang Chi Ma Bo Zhang Qi Gou Wenhui Tan Meifeng Cai Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining CHN Energy Shendong Coal Group Co.Ltd.Beijing 102201China School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Structure plane is one of the important factors affecting the stability and failure mode of rock mass *** mass structure characterization is the basic work of rock mechanics research and the important content of numerical simulation.A new 3-dimensional rough discrete fracture network(RDFN3D)model and its modeling method based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot(W-M)function were presented in this *** RDFN3D model,which improves and unifies the modelling methods for the complex structural planes,has been *** influence of fractal dimension,amplitude,and surface precision on the modeling parameters of RDFN3D was *** reasonable W-M parameters suitable for the roughness coefficient of JRC were proposed,and the relationship between the mathematical model and the joint characterization was *** RDFN3D together with the smooth 3-dimensional discrete fracture network(DFN3D)models were successfully exported to the drawing exchange format,which will provide a wide application in numerous numerical simulation codes including both the continuous and discontinuous *** numerical models were discussed using the COMSOL Multiphysics code and the 3-dimensional particle flow code,*** reliability of the RDFN3D model was preliminarily discussed and *** roughness and spatial connectivity of the fracture networks have a dominant effect on the fluid flow *** research results can provide a new geological model and analysis model for numerical simulation and engineering analysis of jointed rock mass.

关键词： Jointed rock mass Discrete fracture network Roughness Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function 3D modeling Rock mechanics

基于三维仿真的四季气候变化对矿井通风影响规律研究

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中国矿业 2024年第3期33卷 57-65页

作者：柴青平傅国辉邓皓泽黄铂然黄浩王培涛鞍钢集团矿业有限公司辽宁鞍山114001 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院北京100083

四季气候变化影响着矿井内自然风压的大小和方向,若将自然风压作为动力合理运用,有益于矿井通风系统节能减排。眼前山铁矿井下通风系统在初期设计中对自然风压的利用较少,且风机选型方面未将四季气候变化的因素考虑其中。本文对眼前山... 详细信息

四季气候变化影响着矿井内自然风压的大小和方向,若将自然风压作为动力合理运用,有益于矿井通风系统节能减排。眼前山铁矿井下通风系统在初期设计中对自然风压的利用较少,且风机选型方面未将四季气候变化的因素考虑其中。本文对眼前山地区四季气候变化对矿井通风的影响规律进行研究,并以此规律指导井下基站风机进行优化。通过三维仿真系统建立井下通风系统模型,模拟眼前山地区一年四季气候条件,通过风流模拟计算进风井口处的自然风压大小和方向,结果表明眼前山地区夏季日间,1号主进风井、2号主进风井处会出现与矿井通风方向反向的自然风压,其余季节进风井处自然风压均有利于通风,其中,冬季自然风压可利用价值最大,且冬季风机风压较夏季风机风压显著增大,使得冬季总进风量增加4.46%;建议针对主机站2-3基站、2-4基站的K-8-19型风机和主机站2-15基站、2-16基站的K-8-23型风机进行工况点调节,在冬季时期将主扇叶片安装角由35°调整至30°;根据眼前山地区的四季气候变化规律适时调整主要通风机工况点,对自然风压有效利用,解决了矿井通风系统冬季风量过剩的问题,实现了以更加节能的方式满足矿井通风需要。

关键词：自然风压四季变化三维仿真模拟矿井通风节能风机优化

Hazard analysis of tsunami disaster on the Maritime Silk Road

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第1期39卷 74-82页

作者： Jingming Hou Xiaojuan Li peitao wang Juncheng wang Zhiyuan Ren National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting State Oceanic AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The Maritime Silk Road is not only a passageway for business and trade, but also the road of friendship between eastern and western civilizations. The Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 caused major damage to several coastal countries. Tsunami occurrence regularity and hazard analysis are needed to ensure economic and cultural exchange on the Maritime Silk Road. To explore and identify tsunami hazard on the Maritime Silk Road, the spatial and temporal characteristics of historical tsunami events were given out. Some useful information hidden in historical tsunamis was searched from source parameters, such as seismic magnitude, focal depth and water depth. The tsunami possibility in the case of earthquake occurrence was also studied, exploring the probability of tsunami caused by different magnitudes. The analysis result shows that tsunamis on the Maritime Silk Road mainly occurred in 8 major tectonic faults, each of which has different tsunami occurrence regularity. On the basis of statistical analysis, a numerical model was used to simulate the potential tsunamis and show the tsunami hazard levels along the coast of Maritime Silk Road. The research results of this paper can help the tsunami early warning and ensure the safety of economic and cultural exchanges on the Maritime Silk Road.

关键词： tsunami occurrence regularity hazard Maritime Silk Road

Covalency competition induced selective bond breakage and surface reconstruction in manganese cobaltite towards enhanced electrochemical charge storage

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第5期9卷 909-918页

作者： Peng Gao Pei Tang Ying Mo peitao Xiao wang Zhou Shi Chen Hongliang Dong Ziwei Li Chaohe Xu Jilei Liu College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean EnergyHunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied TechnologyHunan UniversityChangshaHunan410082China Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunan410073China Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacaoAvenida da UniversidadeTaipaMacao999078China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research PudongShanghai201203China College of Aerospace Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044China

Manganese cobaltite(MnCo_(2)_(4))is a promising electrode material because of its attractive redox chemistry and excellent charge storage *** previous work demonstrated that the octahedrally-coordinated Mn are prone to react with the hydroxyl ions in alkaline electrolyte upon electrochemical cycling and separates on the surface of spinel to reconstruct into d-MnO_(2) nanosheets irreversibly,thus results in a change of the reaction mechanism with Kþion ***,the low capacity has greatly limited its practical ***,we found that the tetrahedrally-coordinated Co_(2) þions were leached when MnCo_(2)_(4) was equilibrated in 1 mol L^(-1) HCl solution,leading to the formation of layered CoOOH on MnCo_(2)_(4) surface which is originated from the covalency competition induced selective breakage of the CoT–O bond in CoT–O–CoO and subsequent rearrangement of free Co_(6) *** as-formed CoOOH is stable upon cycling in alkaline electrolyte,exhibits conversion reaction mechanism with facile proton diffusion and is free of massive structural evolution,thus enables utilization of the bulk electrode material and realizes enhanced speciﬁc capacity as well as facilitated charge transfer and ion *** general,our work not only offers a feasible approach to deliberate modiﬁcation of MnCo_(2)_(4)'s surface structure,but also provides an in-depth understanding of its charge storage mechanism,which enables rational design of the spinel oxides with promising charge storage properties.

关键词： Manganese cobaltite Tetrahedrally-coordinated Co^(2+)leaching Selective bond breakage Surface reconstruction Charge storage mechanisms