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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 765-777页

作者： Jiawei Lu Yongfu Li Yanjiang Cai peikun jiang Bing Yu State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China School of Environment and Resources Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

The unsatisfactory nutrient slow-release and water-retention performance of traditional biochar-based compound fertilizers(BCF)severely limit their practical ***,a new type of slow-release fertilizer with high water retention was fabricated via the incorporation of hydrotalcite and starch into BCF,named as *** waterretention and nutrient releasing performance of the prepared HS-BCF and related nutrient slow-release mechanism were *** results showed that the incorporation of hydrotalcite and starch into BCF could increase the soil water-retention ratio by 5-10%*** accumulated N,P,and K leaching amounts of HS-BCF in soil within 30 days were 49.4%,13.3%,and 87.4%of BCF at most,*** analysis indicated that the release of nutrients from HS-BCF was attributed to the coupling of the diffusion-controlled and relaxation-controlled ***,hydrotalcite could bind with P in HS-BCF,contributing to the enhanced durability of P in ***,pot experiments showed that the N-P-K utilization efficiencies of HS-BCF were all higher than those of BCF due to a better synchronization between the nutrient release of HS-BCF and the uptake of tomato ***,the study may provide a promising strategy for simultaneously improving the water-retention and slow-release performance of traditional biochar-based fertilizers.

关键词： Starch Hydrotalcite Slow-release fertilizer Release kinetics Water retention

Nonradical-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation through bimetallic Fe/Mn-loaded hydroxyl-rich biochar for efficient degradation of tetracycline

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 155-165页

作者： Yihui Li Deying Lin Yongfu Li peikun jiang Xiaobo Fang Bing Yu State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China School of Environment and Resources Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhou 311300China

Biochar-based transition metal catalysts have been identified as excellent peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activators for producing radicals used to degrade organic ***,the radical-dominated pathways for PMS activation severely limit their practical applications in the degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater due to side reactions between radicals and the coexisting ***,bimetallic Fe/Mn-loaded hydroxyl-rich biochar(FeMn-OH-BC)is synthesized to activate PMS through nonradical-dominated *** as-prepared FeMn-OH-BC exhibits excellent catalytic activity for degrading tetracycline at broad pH conditions ranging from 5 to 9,and about 85.0%of tetracycline is removed in 40 *** on studying the influences of various anions(HCO_(3)^(−),NO_(3)^(−),and H_(2)PO_(4)^(−))show that the inhibiting effect is negligible,suggesting that the FeMn-OHBC based PMS activation is dominated by nonradical *** paramagnetic resonance measurements and quenching tests provide direct evidence to confirm that 1O2 is the major reactive oxygen species generated from FeMn-OH-BC based PMS *** calculations further reveal that the FeMn-OH sites in FeMn-OH-BC are dominant active sites for PMS activation,which have higher adsorption energy and stronger oxidative activity towards PMS than OH-BC *** work provides a new route for driving PMS activation by biochar-based transition metal catalysts through nonradical pathways.

关键词： biochar peroxymonosulfate activation tetracycline degradation advanced oxidation nonradical pathways

Biogeochemical sequestration of carbon within phytoliths of wetland plants: A case study of Xixi wetland, China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第17期58卷 2480-2487页

作者： LI ZiMin SONG ZhaoLiang jiang peikun School of Environment and Resources Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University Laboratories for Earth Surface Processes Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University

As an important long-term terrestrial carbon sequestration mechanism, biogeochemical sequestration of carbon within phytoliths may play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and climate change. The aim of this study is to explore the potential of carbon bio-sequestration within phytoliths produced by wetland plants. The results show that the occluded carbon content of phytoliths in wetland plants ranges from 0.49% to 3.97%, with a CV (coefficient of variation) value of 810%. The data also indicate that the phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) content of biomass for wetland plants depends not only on the phytolith content of biomass, but also the efficiency of carbon occlusion within phytoliths during plant growth in herb-dominated fens. The fluxes of carbon bio-sequestration within phytoliths of herb-dominated fen plants range from 0.003 to 0.077 t CO2 equivalents t-e-CO2ha-1a-1 . In China, 0.04×106 to 1.05×106t CO2 equivalents per year may be sequestrated in phytoliths of herbaceous-dominated fen plants. Globally, taking a fen area of 1.48×108 ha and the largest phytolith carbon biosequestration flux (0.077 t-e-CO 2 ha-1a-1 ) for herb-dominated fen plants, about 1.14×10 7 t CO 2 equivalents per year would have been sequestrated in phytoliths of fen plants. If other wetland plants have similar PhytOC production flux with herb-dominated fen plants (0.077 t-e-CO2ha-1a-1 ), about 4.39×10 7 t-e-CO2a-1 may be sequestrated in the phytoliths of world wetland plants. The data indicate that the management of wetland ecosystems (e.g. selection of plant species) to maximize the production of PhytOC have the potential to bio-sequestrate considerable quantities of atmospheric CO2 .

关键词：生物地球化学植物硅酸体西溪湿地碳封存中国草本植物二氧化碳案例

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Mitigation of N_(2)O emissions in water-saving paddy fields:Evaluating organic fertilizer substitution and microbial mechanisms

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期23卷 3159-3173页

作者： Delei Kong Xianduo Zhang Qidong Yu Yaguo Jin peikun jiang Shuang Wu Shuwei Liu Jianwen Zou College of Environment and Resources/College of Carbon Neutrality Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Water-saving irrigation strategies can successfully alleviate methane emissions from rice fields,but significantly stimulate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions because of variations in soil oxygen level and redox ***,the relationship linking soil N_(2)O emissions to nitrogen functional genes during various fertilization treatments in water-saving paddy fields has rarely been ***,the mitigation potential of organic fertilizer substitution on N_(2)O emissions and the microbial mechanism in rice fields must be further *** study examined how soil N_(2)O emissions were affected by related functional microorganisms(ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA),ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),nirS,nirK and nosZ)to various fertilization treatments in a rice field in southeast China over two *** this study,three fertilization regimes were applied to rice cultivation:a no nitrogen(N)(Control),an inorganic N(Ni),and an inorganic N with partial N substitution with organic manure(N_(i)+N_(o)).Over two rice-growing seasons,cumulative N_(2)O emissions averaged 0.47,4.62 and 4.08 kg ha^(−1)for the Control,Ni and N_(i)+N_(o)treatments,*** comparison to the Ni treatment,the N_(i)+N_(o)fertilization regime considerably reduced soil N_(2)O emissions by 11.6%while maintaining rice yield,with a lower N_(2)O emission factor(EF)from fertilizer N of 0.95%.Nitrogen fertilization considerably raised the AOB,nirS,nirK and nosZ gene abundances,in comparison to the Control ***,the substitution of organic manure for inorganic N fertilizer significantly decreased AOB and nirS gene abundances and increased nosZ gene *** AOB responded to N fertilization more sensitively than the *** N_(2)O emissions significantly correlated positively with AOB and nirS gene abundances while having a negative correlation with nosZ gene abundance and the nosZ/nirS ratio across N-fertilized *** summary,we conclude that organic manure substi

关键词： organic manure substitution inorganic fertilizer N_(2)O functional microbe rice paddy

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不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究

林业科学 2005年第1期41卷 10-13页

作者：姜培坤浙江林学院生态环境研究所临安311300

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳... 详细信息

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳含量均随着土层深度加深而递减。水溶性碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳占总有机碳的比率分别波动在 0 31%～ 1 18%、0 90 %～ 2 5 1%和 7 0 3%～ 2 9 5 2 %之间 ,其中 ,土壤水溶性碳占总有机碳比率为马尾松林 >常绿阔叶林 >人工杉木林 ,易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率常绿阔叶林明显高于马尾松林和杉木林。不同土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率随剖面从上到下均表明出上升趋势 ,而易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率随剖面加深有规律地下降。土壤有机碳总量与各活性碳之间以及各类活性碳之间相关性均达到极显著水平。

关键词：杉木林马尾松林活性有机碳常绿阔叶林碳库土壤微生物量碳林分总有机碳水溶性有机碳采样分析

“双碳”背景下种植业减排增汇的途径与政策建议

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浙江农林大学学报 2023年第6期40卷 1357-1365页

作者：孔德雷姜培坤浙江农林大学环境与资源学院/碳中和学院浙江杭州311300

碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)是一场广泛而深刻的系统性变革,需要各个行业领域的参与。与其他行业不同,种植业既是重要的温室气体排放源,又有巨大的固碳增汇潜力,推进种植业领域减排增汇是实现国家碳达峰碳中和不可或缺的一部分。梳理了种植... 详细信息

碳达峰碳中和(“双碳”)是一场广泛而深刻的系统性变革,需要各个行业领域的参与。与其他行业不同,种植业既是重要的温室气体排放源,又有巨大的固碳增汇潜力,推进种植业领域减排增汇是实现国家碳达峰碳中和不可或缺的一部分。梳理了种植业领域非二氧化碳温室气体[氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)和甲烷(CH_(4))]主要排放源,包括过量施用氮肥、节水灌溉稻田以及畜禽养殖废弃物导致的N_(2)O排放;淹水稻田以及反刍动物造成的CH_(4)排放;除了上述直接排放,种植生产过程中还会有大量的间接碳排放。着重分析了种植业温室气体减排与固碳增汇潜力,汇总了主要的减排增汇途径,包括旱地N_(2)O减排和稻田CH_(4)减排;通过有机肥施用、秸秆还田、保护性耕作以及种植业废弃物热解炭化还田来增加种植业固碳增汇潜力。讨论了碳标签和碳交易对于推动中国种植业绿色低碳发展的可行性与重要性,明确了种植业领域的减排增汇必须以保障粮食安全为前提,避免盲目减排、过度减排,必须与种植业绿色发展协同进行,建立完善的保障和创新体系,为中国碳达峰碳中和提供助力。

关键词：气候变化碳中和碳达峰温室气体减排固碳增汇碳标签

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车距自控系统跟车模型稳定性仿真分析

同济大学学报（自然科学版） 1999年第1期27卷 16-19页

作者：杨佩昆蒋金勇同济大学道路与交通工程系上海200092

用仿真分析方法 ,对可能用于车距自控系统的跟车模型的稳定性作了分析 .主要内容包括 :选定了 3种可能用于车距自控系统的跟车模型 ;在以通行能力为约束的条件下 ,以前车突然制动与平稳降速 2种典型驾驶行为和行驶车距与车速 2种主要车... 详细信息

用仿真分析方法 ,对可能用于车距自控系统的跟车模型的稳定性作了分析 .主要内容包括 :选定了 3种可能用于车距自控系统的跟车模型 ;在以通行能力为约束的条件下 ,以前车突然制动与平稳降速 2种典型驾驶行为和行驶车距与车速 2种主要车辆行驶参数 ,对选定的 3种跟车模型作了仿真 .

关键词：车距自控系统跟车模型稳定性仿真变速控制

稻田生态系统中植硅体的产生与积累——以嘉兴稻田为例

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生态学报 2013年第22期33卷 7197-7203页

作者：李自民宋照亮姜培坤浙江农林大学环境与资源学院临安311300 浙江农林大学浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室临安311300 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室贵阳550002

在嘉兴杭嘉湖平原实验基地,以嘉花11、浙粳37、宁81、祥湖301、秀水09等5个品种水稻及其0—10cm表层土壤为研究对象,运用微波消解和Walkley-Black的方法,研究了稻田生态系统中植硅体的产生和积累通量,为了解植硅体在稻田生态系统硅和碳... 详细信息

在嘉兴杭嘉湖平原实验基地,以嘉花11、浙粳37、宁81、祥湖301、秀水09等5个品种水稻及其0—10cm表层土壤为研究对象,运用微波消解和Walkley-Black的方法,研究了稻田生态系统中植硅体的产生和积累通量,为了解植硅体在稻田生态系统硅和碳生物地球化学循环中的作用提供科学参考。结果表明:(1)植硅体含量在不同品种水稻中嘉花11、宁81和祥湖301高于浙粳37和秀水09,在各器官中鞘>叶>茎>根>穗;(2)水稻植株植硅体产生通量为1269.59 kg hm-2a-1,其中地上部分为1203.44 kg hm-2a-1,地下部分为66.15 kg hm-2a-1,在种植50a的稻田0—10cm土壤中的积累通量为40.38 kg hm-2a-1;(3)选择嘉花11等高植硅体含量品种进行推广种植,对提高水稻植硅体产生通量及其包裹大气中CO2通量有很大的作用。

关键词：稻田植硅体产生通量积累通量秸秆还田植硅体固定CO2

中国亚热带4种林分类型凋落叶分解过程中^(13)C NMR波谱特征

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林业科学 2017年第6期53卷 127-134页

作者：赵培平姜培坤孟赐福何珊琼浙江农林大学环境与资源学院临安311300 浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室临安311300

【目的】旨在揭示不同结构碳组分在凋落叶分解过程中的作用机制。【方法】以浙江省临安玲珑山毛竹人工林、马尾松天然次生林、杉木人工林和青冈天然次生林凋落叶为研究材料,采用常规化学分析方法与固态13C核磁共振技术探讨其分解过程中... 详细信息

【目的】旨在揭示不同结构碳组分在凋落叶分解过程中的作用机制。【方法】以浙江省临安玲珑山毛竹人工林、马尾松天然次生林、杉木人工林和青冈天然次生林凋落叶为研究材料,采用常规化学分析方法与固态13C核磁共振技术探讨其分解过程中的全C和全N含量及不同形态C化合物相对含量的变化。【结果】经12个月的分解,4种林分凋落叶的质量损失率表现为青冈天然次生林(53.80%)>马尾松天然次生林(52.69%)>杉木人工林(48.31%)>毛竹人工林(41.17%);在分解过程中,凋落叶中的N含量逐渐升高,C含量和C/N比逐渐降低,烷氧碳的相对含量显著减少(9.34%~15.48%,P<0.05),而芳香碳和羰基碳分别增加25.14%~37.37%和0.75~2.08倍(P<0.05);凋落叶中的C含量与凋落叶质量残存率之间,C/N比与凋落叶质量残存率之间均极显著正相关(r=0.901 0~0.984 0,P<0.01),而N含量与凋落叶质量残存率极显著负相关(r=-0.921 1^-0.983 1,P<0.01),凋落叶中的烷氧碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率呈极显著正相关(r=0.808 2~0.962 2,P<0.01),芳香碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率间、羰基碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率间均极显著负相关(r=-0.779 9^-0.936 6,P<0.01),除马尾松人工林外,其他林分凋落叶的烷基碳相对含量与凋落叶质量残存率均无显著相关性。【结论】4种林分凋落叶中,青冈天然次生林凋落叶降解最快;在有机碳中,烷氧碳、芳香碳和羰基碳在凋落叶降解过程中起着决定性的作用;13C NMR波谱技术更利于监测凋落叶分解过程中不同结构碳组分的变化,从而更深刻认识凋落叶的分解机制。

关键词：林分类型基质质量凋落叶质量损失率 ^13C NMR

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中国重要丛生竹热值及能量现存量

林业科学 2016年第8期52卷 122-130页

作者：滕江南黄张婷项婷婷姜培坤孟赐福浙江农林大学环境与资源学院临安311300 浙江农林大学浙江省森林生态系统碳循环与固碳减排重点实验室临安311300

[目的]测定中国重要丛生竹的热值,结合其生物量计算对应的能量现存量,比较其现状差异,并探究丛生竹系统中具有发展生物质能源优势的竹种,为今后丛生竹生物质能源的开发利用、发展及相关研究提供基础资料。[方法]以中国8种重要丛生竹（... 详细信息

[目的]测定中国重要丛生竹的热值,结合其生物量计算对应的能量现存量,比较其现状差异,并探究丛生竹系统中具有发展生物质能源优势的竹种,为今后丛生竹生物质能源的开发利用、发展及相关研究提供基础资料。[方法]以中国8种重要丛生竹（青皮竹、粉单竹、麻竹、绿竹、黄竹、龙竹、缅甸竹、慈竹）的竹叶、竹枝、竹秆等器官为对象,分析其单位面积生物量,利用量热仪测定干物质热值,计算单位面积能量现存量。[结果]8种丛生竹单位面积生物量为16.68~77.72 t·hm^-2,其中龙竹最高,麻竹最小;各器官单位面积生物量表现为竹秆〉竹枝〉竹叶,不同丛生竹生物量分配不同;8种丛生竹各器官干物质热值为16.407~19.948 k J·g^-1,相同器官的干物质热值随竹龄增大而略有降低,竹种间器官平均干物质热值均以缅甸竹最高,最低的为绿竹的竹叶（16.652 k J·g^-1）和竹枝（17.522 k J·g^-1）及慈竹的竹秆（17.710 k J·g^-1）;除慈竹外,其他丛生竹的热值均表现为竹叶〈竹枝〈竹秆,慈竹表观为竹叶〈竹秆〈竹枝;各丛生竹地上部分单位面积能量现存量（MJ·m^-2）表现为龙竹（142.17）〉粉单竹（115.41）〉慈竹（112.97）〉缅甸竹（95.26）〉青皮竹（87.50）〉绿竹（85.31）〉黄竹（85.14）〉麻竹（31.34）。[结论]丛生竹是潜在的能源竹种,受林分特征、气候因素和竹种本身特性等因素的影响,8种丛生竹的热值、生物量及其分配差异显著。8种丛生竹的生长环境条件各异,以能量现存量最为基本单位进行竹种间的比较更加可靠。8种丛生竹能量现存量及其分配存在差异,单位面积生物量差异是其主要影响因素。比较8种丛生竹能量现存量的现状,龙竹较其他竹种具有效大的优势,有利于今后丛生竹生物质能源的开发、利用及相关研究。

关键词：丛生竹器官干物质热值生物量能量现存量