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Rhizosphere microbial markers (micro-markers): A new physical examination indicator for traditional Chinese medicines

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第2期16卷 180-189页

作者： Kailin Yang Yaping Zheng Kangmeng Sun Xinyan Wu Zheng Zhang Chunnian He peigen xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Ministry of EducationBeijing 100193China

Rhizosphere microorganisms,as one of the most important components of the soil microbiota and plant holobiont,play a key role in the medicinal plant-soil ecosystem,which are closely related to the growth,adaptability,nutrient absorption,stress tolerance and pathogen resistance of host plants.In recent years,with the wide application of molecular biology and omics technologies,the outcomes of rhizosphere microorganisms on the health,biomass production and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of medicinal plants have received extensive attention.However,whether or to what extent rhizosphere microorganisms can contribute to the construction of the quality evaluation system of Chinese medicinal materials is still elusive.Based on the significant role of rhizosphere microbes in the survival and quality formation of medicinal plants,this paper proposed a new concept of rhizosphere microbial markers(micro-markers),expounded the relevant research methods and ideas of applying the new concept,highlighted the importance of micro-markers in the quality evaluation and control system of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),and introduced the potential value in soil environmental assessment,plant pest control and quality assessment of TCMs.It provides reference for developing ecological planting of TCMs and ensuring the production of high quality TCMs by regulating rhizosphere microbial communities.

关键词： physical examination indicator quality evaluation quality formation of medicinal plants rhizosphere microorganisms rhizosphere microbial markers

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Analysis on patents of health care products with substances of medicine food homology in China

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 412-421页

作者： Haibo Liu Yanfeng Wang Jiali Huang Zhengqi Dong peigen xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Patent Information Resources State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Academy of Science and Technology

Objective:The concept of substances of medicine food homology(SMFH) has garnered significant attention in recent years.This study conducts a systematic analysis of patent literature related to SMFH,and elucidates the development trends,technical hotspots,and the overall patent protection landscape of SMFH in China over the past two decades.Methods:The patent search focused on the SMFH varieties as the objects of inquiry,with retrieval conducted in patent databases.Subsequently,the acquired data underwent processing,analysis,and visualization.Results:While the technical threshold for pharmaceutical applications surpasses that of the food service sector,the former may assume a prominent role in the future.Research and development(R&D) activities in the southeast of China demonstrate robust activity than other regions.Colleges and scientific research institutions exhibit substantial advantages in patent applications compared with individuals and hold greater potential for future development.Conclusion:The findings of this patent analysis indicate that China's SMFH industry are presently undergoing a transition from an extensive model to a high-quality model. The quality and technical standards of SMFH products are consistently improving.Consequently,there is a need for more stringent patent application requirements to align with the evolving development needs.

关键词： patent analysis patent pattern substances of medicine food homology traditional Chinese medicine

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Genetic diversity of food-medicinal Lycium spp. in China: Insights from chloroplast genome

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第3期16卷 401-411页

作者： Ruyu Yao Bin Wang Michael Heinrich Qiuling Wang peigen xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy' UCL School of PharmacyUniversity of London

Objective:Goji(fruits of Lycium spp.) is commonly consumed as food and medicine.The increasing market demand for goji has led to its wide cultivation and broad breeding,which might cause loss of genetic diversity.This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity of the cultivated and wild Lycium.Methods:The chloroplast genome(CPG) of 34 accessions of Chinese food-medicinal Lycium spp., including the popular cultivars and their wild relatives,was re-sequenced and assembled,based on which the genetic diversity was evaluated.Results:Sequence structural comparison shows that CPG is comparatively conserved within species.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CPG is sufficient for the discrimination of Lycium species;combined with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(Nr ITS) sequences,materials with mixed genetic backgrounds can be identified.Nucleotide diversity analysis reveals that the modern cultivars are probably with a common maternal parent,while the wild accessions are with higher level of genetic diversity.Conclusion:For the first time this study reveals the intraspecies genetic diversity of Lycium spp.using CPG,highlighting the urgent conservation demand of wild genetic resources of Lycium.Our study also demonstrates that CPG provides crucial evidence for identification of Lycium species with mixed genetic backgrounds and highlights the importance of the wild relatives in genetic diversity conservation.This CPG-based technology will contribute to the sustainable development of medicinal plants broadly.

关键词： chloroplast genome cultivar food-medicine genetic diversity goji wild relative

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Research progress of Chinese herbal medicine compounds and their bioactivities:Fruitful 2020

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2022年第2期14卷 171-186页

作者： xiaojie Gu Dacheng Hao peigen xiao Biotechnology Institute School of Environment and Chemical EngineeringDalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100193China

Traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)have continued to be a treasure trove.The study of chemodiversity and versatility of bioactivities has always been an important content of pharmacophylogeny.There is amazing progress in the discovery and research of natural components with novel structures and significant bioactivities in 2020.In this paper we review 271 valuable natural products,including terpenoids,steroids,flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,phenolics,nitrogen containing compounds and essential oil,etc.,isolated and identified from TCMs published in journals of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs(Zhong Cao Yao)and Chinese Herbal Medicines(CHMs),and focus on their structures,source organisms,and relevant bioactivities,paying special attention to structural characteristics of novel compounds and newly revealed pharmacological properties of known compounds.It is worth noting that natural products with antitumor activity still constitute the primary object of research.Among the reported compounds,two new triterpenoids,i.e.,ursolic acid 3-O-β-cis-caffeate and mollugoside E,display remarkable cytotoxicity against PC-9 and HL-60 cell lines,respectively.Three known phenolic compounds,i.e.,pyoluteorin,4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and 3,7-dimethoxy-5-hydroxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone,exhibit significant cytotoxicity against multiple cell lines.Numerous studies on the free radical scavenging activity of reported compounds are currently underway.In vitro,three known phenolic compounds,i.e.,3,4-Odicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester,3,4,5-O-tricaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester and arbutin,had more considerable antioxidant activities than vitamin C.The anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetic,hypolipidemic,neuroprotective and antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds are also encouraging.The structural characteristics and bioactivities of TCM compounds highlighted here reflect the enormous progress of CHM research in 2020 and will play a positive role in the future drug discovery and development.According to pharmacophylogeny,the phy

关键词： chemical constituents medicinal plants natural products pharmacological activities traditional Chinese medicine

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‘Food and medicine continuum’ in the East and West: Old tradition and current regulation

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2023年第1期15卷 6-14页

作者： Ruyu Yao Chunnian He peigen xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

Food-medicine products are important materials for daily health management and are increasingly popular in the global healthy food market.However,because of the biocultural difference,food-medicine knowledge may differ among regions,which hinders the global sharing of such health strategies.Aim at bridging the food-medicine knowledge in the East and West,this study traced the historical roots of food and medicine continuum of the East and West,which was followed by a cross-cultural assessment on the importance of food-medicine products of China,thereafter,the current legislative terms for foodmedicine products were studied using an international survey.The results show that the food and medicine continuum in the East and West have their historical roots in the traditional medicines since antiquity,and the food-medicine knowledge in the East and West differs substantially;although the foodmedicine products have common properties,their legislative terms are diverse globally;with proofs of traditional uses and scientific evidence,food-medicine products are possible for cross-cultural communication.Finally,we recommend facilitating the cross-cultural communication of the food-medicine knowledge in the East and West,thus to make the best use of the traditional health wisdom in the globe.

关键词： cross-cultural communication food and medicine continuum food-medicine products regulation tradition

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Anemone medicinal plants:ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry and biology

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第2期7卷 146-158页

作者： Da-Cheng Hao xiaojie Gu peigen xiao Biotechnology Institute School of Environment and Chemical EngineeringDalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100193China

The Ranunculaceae genus Anemone(order Ranunculales),comprising more than 150 species,mostly herbs,has long been used in folk medicine and worldwide ethnomedicine.Various medicinal compounds have been found in Anemone plants,especially triterpenoid saponins,some of which have shown anti-cancer activities.Some Anemone compounds and extracts display immunomodulatory,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and antimicrobial activities.More than 50 species have ethnopharmacological uses,which provide clues for modern drug discovery.Anemone compounds exert anticancer and other bioactivities via multiple pathways.However,a comprehensive review of the Anemone medicinal resources is lacking.We here summarize the ethnomedical knowledge and recent progress on the chemical and pharmacological diversity of Anemone medicinal plants,as well as the emerging molecular mechanisms and functions of these medicinal compounds.The phylogenetic relationships of Anemone species were reconstructed based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast markers.The molecular phylogeny is largely congruent with the morphology-based classification.Commonly used medicinal herbs are distributed in each subgenus and section,and chemical and biological studies of more unexplored taxa are warranted.Gene expression profiling and relevant "omics" platforms could reveal differential effects of phytometabolites.Genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics should be highlighted in deciphering novel therapeutic mechanisms and utilities of Anemone phytometabolites.

关键词： Anemone Ethnomedicine Chemodiversity Bioactivity Molecular mechanism Pharmacophylogeny

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‘Food and medicine continuum’–Why we should promote cross-cultural communication between the global East and West

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2022年第1期14卷 3-4页

作者： Michael Heinrich Ruyu Yao peigen xiao Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy' UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College London CHM Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

It is estimated that by 2030 one sixth of the global population will be aged over 60(WHO,2021).Aging leads to functional decline,which triggers many chronic diseases and geriatrics.It is reported that the elderly often suffer from geriatric syndromes such as frailty,sarcopenia,weight loss and dementia(Sanford et al.,2020);for those aged over 85,conditions of hearing and vision loss,decline in immune function,cardiovascular diseases,osteoporosis and dementia are in high prevalence(Jaul&Barron,2017).Therefore,aging has been an important risk for chronic diseases and geriatrics globally.

关键词： diseases cardiovascular

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Food-medicine can promote cross-culture communication between East and West

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2023年第1期15卷 3-5页

作者： Chunnian He Xinning Zhao Ruyu Yao peigen xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China Farmers’Daily Beijing 100029China HCM

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has set an action plan for the Construction of a Healthy China Program,insisting on putting people’s health in the strategic position of prioritizing development.As an important part of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)culture in China,food-medicines,the stuff consumed both as food and medicine,are one of the material foundations to prevent and treat chronic diseases and manage health ahead of sick,and an important carrier for China to promote the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)and participate in global health governance.To enrich the knowledge system of food-medicine through cross-cultural exchanges between the East and the West,and to promote the research progress of food-medicine are of critical importance in the context of the current global pandemic of COVID-19,since it is a profound understanding of the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speech and a practice of giving priority to people’s health in the strategic position of development,which helps to provide strong support for the comprehensive promotion of the Healthy China strategy and human well-being(Huang et al.,2022).

关键词： culture stuff strategic

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Investigation of free amino acid, total phenolics,antioxidant activity and purine alkaloids to assess the health properties of non-Camellia tea

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第2期6卷 170-181页

作者： Wu Bi Chunnian He Yunyun Ma Jie Shen Linghua Harris Zhang Yong Peng peigen xiao Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine Ministry of Education Phyto Medix Co.

To find novel functional beverages from folk teas, 33 species of frequently used non-Camellia tea(plants other than Camellia) were collected and compared with Camellia tea(green tea, pu-erh tea and black tea) for the first time. Data are reported here on the quantities of 20 free amino acids(FAAs) and three purine alkaloids(measured by UHPLC), total polyphenols(measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay), and antioxidant activity(DPPH). The total amounts of FAAs in non-Camellia tea(0.62–18.99 mg/g) are generally less than that of Camellia tea(16.55–24.99 mg/g). However, for certain FAAs, the quantities were much higher in some non-Camellia teas, such as γ-aminobutyric acid in teas from Ampelopsis grossedentata, Isodon serra and Hibiscus sabdariffa. Interestingly, theanine was detected in tea from Potentilla fruticosa(1.16±0.81 mg/g). Furthermore, the content of polyphenols in teas from A. grossedentata, Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala are significantly higher than those from Camellia tea;teas from I. serra, Pistacia chinensis and A. tataricum subsp. ginnala have remarkable antioxidant activities similar to the activities from green tea(44.23 μg/m L). Purine alkaloids(caffeine, theobromine and theophylline) were not detected in non-Camellia teas. The investigation suggest some non-Camellia teas may be great functional natural products with potential for prevention of chronic diseases and aging,by providing with abundant polyphenols, antioxidants and specific FAAs.

关键词： Non-Camellia tea Amino acids Polyphenols Purine alkaloids Antioxidant activity

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Commercialized non-Camellia tea:traditional function and molecular identification

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第3期4卷 227-237页

作者： Ping Long Zhanhu Cui Yingli Wang Chunhong Zhang Na Zhang Minhui Li peigen xiao National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China Baotou Medical College Baotou 014060China School of Chinese Pharmacy Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100102China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100193China

Non-Camellia tea is a part of the colorful Chinese tea culture,and is also widely used as beverage and medicine in folk for disease prevention and treatment.In this study,37 samples were collected,including 33 kinds of non-Camellia teas and 4 kinds of teas(Camellia).Traditional functions of non-Camellia teas were investigated.Furthermore,non-Camellia teas of original plants were characterized and identified by molecular methods.Four candidate regions(rbcL,matK,ITS2,psbA-trnH)were amplified by polymerase chain reaction.In addition,DNA barcodes were used for the first time to discriminate the commercial non-Camellia tea and their adulterants,and to evaluate their safety.This study showed that BLASTN and the relevant phylogenetic tree are efficient tools for identification of the commercial non-Camellia tea and their adulterants.However,some sequences from original plants have not been found and there is a limitation of sequence number of original plants in GenBank.Submitting more original plant sequences to the GenBank will be helpful for evaluating the safety of non-Camellia teas.

关键词： Non-Camellia tea Traditional function Molecular identification BLASTN Phylogenetic tree

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